Solution of Stringer 2

VIA University College
03/23/2022
Course: CE-ELM1-S22, Element Building - Concrete Statics
Assignment: Stringer 2
Student: Phealy Thourk (293272) Page 1 of 16
Introduction:
The assignment focus on stringer calculation of the wall A with the vertical load as an
external action. Finally, the reinforcement of the wall is chosen based on the lower bound
solution from stringer calculation.
Known data:
All thickness of the wall t ≔ 200 mm
Length of the wall l ≔ 6000 mm
Height of the wall H ≔ 3300 mm
Width of the opening, measured from surface of wall C b ≔ 1300 mm
Height of the opening h ≔ 2200 mm
External action:
kN
Design vertical load from deck 400, 500 and 600 qd ≔ 40 ――
m
kN
Self weight of concrete gbeton ≔ 24 ――
m3
kN
gk ≔ gbeton ⋅ t = 4.8 ――
m2
Height from ground floor to
the floor of the top storey Height ≔ 4 ⋅ H = 13.2 m Height ≥ 12 m = 1
Hence, the building is assessed to be in high

consequence class CC3.
KFI ≔ 1.1 (DS/EN 1990 annex B, table B1)

(DS/EN 1990, table A1.2 (B))
kN
Design self weight gd ≔ KFI ⋅ gk = 5.28 ――
m2
Material
fck
Concrete C30 fck ≔ 30 MPa fcd ≔ ―― = 20.69 MPa DS/EN 1992-1-1
1.45 DK NA table E.1(2)
fyk
Steel S550 fyk ≔ 550 MPa fyd ≔ ―― = 458.333 MPa
1.2
Stringer model of the wall A: Assume that the wall fits into slices in module B
and C
Non-Commercial Use Only

03/23/2022
fyk Page 2 of 16
Student: Phealy Thourk (293272) fyk ≔ 550 MPa fyd ≔ ―― = 458.333 MPa
1.2
Stringer model of the wall A: Assume that the wall fits into slices in module B
and C
Vertical load from deck 400, 500, and 600 is transformed to point load on nodes 3, 6, 9, 12,
and 14
⎡ P3 ⎤ ⎡ 0.5 ⎤ ⎡ P3 ⎤ ⎡ 30 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 1 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
P P
⎢ 6⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 6 ⎥ ⎢ 60 ⎥
⎢ P9 ⎥ ≔ qd ⋅ 1500 mm ⋅ ⎢ 1 ⎥ ⎢ P9 ⎥ = ⎢ 60 ⎥ kN
⎢ P12 ⎥ ⎢ 1 ⎥ ⎢ P12 ⎥ ⎢ 60 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢⎣ 0.5 ⎥⎦ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 30 ⎥
⎣ P14 ⎦ ⎣ P14 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Self weight of the wall is transformed to point load on node 1, 4, 7, 10, 11 and 13
⎡ P1 ⎤ ⎡ 0.5 ⋅ H ⎤ ⎡ P1 ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 13.068 ⎥
P4 1⋅H P4
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 26.136 ⎥
⎢ P7 ⎥ ⎢ 1⋅H ⎥ ⎢ P7 ⎥ ⎢ 26.136 ⎥
⎢ P10 ⎥ ≔ g d ⋅ 1500 mm ⋅ ⎢ P10 ⎥ = ⎢ 13.068 ⎥ kN
⎢ 0.5 ⋅ H ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 0.5 ⋅ ((H - h)) ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 4.356 ⎥
⎢ P11 ⎥ ⎢⎣ 0.5 ⋅ ((H - h)) ⎥⎦ ⎢ P11 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ P13 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ P13 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 4.356 ⎦

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The loads are shown in the stringer model below:
Positive shear stress:
Determine the reactions
From horizontal equilibrium: R10 ≔ 0 kN
From moment equilibrium:

03/23/2022
⎛⎝P3 + P1⎞⎠ ⋅ 6 m + ⎛⎝P6 + P4⎞⎠ ⋅ 4.5 m + ⎛⎝P9 + P7⎞⎠ ⋅ 3 m + ⎛⎝P12 + P11 + P10⎞⎠ ⋅ 1.5 m - R10 ⋅ 3.15 m
R1 ≔ ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
6m
R1 = 170.094 kN
⎛⎝P14 + P13⎞⎠ ⋅ 6 m + ⎛⎝P12 + P11 + P10⎞⎠ ⋅ 4.5 m + ⎛⎝P9 + P7⎞⎠ ⋅ 3 m + ⎛⎝P6 + P4⎞⎠ ⋅ 1.5 m
R13 ≔ ――――――――――――――――――――――――
6m
R13 = 157.026 kN
Check: R1 + R13 = 327.12 kN
P1 + P3 + P4 + P6 + P7 + P9 + P10 + P11 + P12 + P13 + P14 = 327.12 kN
R1 + R13 ＝ P1 + P3 + P4 + P6 + P7 + P9 + P10 + P11 + P12 + P13 + P14 → 1 True
⎡ R1 ⎤ ⎡ 170.094 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
Hence, reactions R =⎢ 0 ⎥ kN
⎢ 10 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ R13 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 157.026 ⎦
Determine shear stresses in all stress fields
Determine the degree of static indeterminacy
Numbers of nodes K ≔ 14
Numbers of holes F≔0
Numbers of stringer lines from rim to rim S1 ≔ 8
Numbers of lines that their whole lengths are

the boundary of the stringer system S2 ≔ 4
Numbers of reactions R≔3
Degree of static indeterminacy N ≔ K - F - ⎛⎝2 ⋅ S1 - S2⎞⎠ + ((R - 3))
N=2
Which means that two values of shear stresses are chosen based on plasticity theory

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Cut a vertical section through fields A and B
Assume that τA ＝ τB
Thus τA ⋅ 2.2 m ⋅ t + τB ⋅ 0.95 m ⋅ t ＝ R1 - P3 - P1
τA ⋅ 2.2 m ⋅ t + τA ⋅ 0.95 m ⋅ t ＝ R1 - P3 - P1
R1 - P3 - P1
τA ≔ ――――――― = 0.202 MPa
2.2 m ⋅ t + 0.95 m ⋅ t
τB ≔ τA = 0.202 MPa
Check
τA ⋅ 2.2 m ⋅ t + τB ⋅ 0.95 m ⋅ t = 127.026 kN
R1 - P3 - P1 = 127.026 kN OK
Cut a vertical section through field G
P14 + P13 - R13

τG ≔ ――――― = -0.646 MPa
t ⋅ 0.95 m
Cut a horizontal section through fields B, D, F and G

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Cut a horizontal section through fields B, D, F and G
Assume that τD ＝ τF
τB ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m + τD ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m + τF ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m + τG ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m ＝ 0
τB ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m + τG ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m
τD ≔ -――――――――― = 0.222 MPa
2 ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m
τF ≔ τD = 0.222 MPa
Cut a vertical section through fields E and F
P12 + P11 + P10 + P14 + P13 - R13 - τF ⋅ t ⋅ 0.95 m

τE ≔ ―――――――――――――――
t ⋅ 2.2 m
τE = -0.199 MPa

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Cut a horizontal section through fields A, C and E
-τA ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m - τE ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m

τC ≔ ――――――――― = -0.003 MPa
t ⋅ 1.5 m
Thus, shear stresses are ⎡ τA ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 0.202 ⎥
τB
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 0.202 ⎥
⎢ τC ⎥ ⎢ -0.003 ⎥
⎢ τD ⎥ = ⎢ 0.222 ⎥ MPa
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ -0.199 ⎥
⎢ τE ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ τF ⎥ ⎢ 0.222 ⎥
⎢ τ ⎥ ⎣ -0.646 ⎦
⎣ G⎦
Maximum shear stress τmax ≔ max ⎛⎝||τA|| , ||τB|| , ||τC|| , ||τD|| , ||τE|| , ||τF|| , ||τG||⎞⎠ = 0.646 MPa
Determine the shear resultants
⎡ VAx ⎤ ⎡ 1.5 m ⎤ ⎡ VAx ⎤ ⎡ 60.489 ⎤

⎢ ⎥ ≔ τA ⋅ t ⋅ ⎢ ⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥ kN
⎣ VAy ⎦ ⎣ 2.2 m ⎥⎦ ⎣ VAy ⎦ ⎣ 88.717 ⎦
⎡ VBx ⎤ ⎡ 1.5 m ⎤ ⎡ VBx ⎤ ⎡ 60.489 ⎤

⎢ ⎥ ≔ τB ⋅ t ⋅ ⎢ ⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥ kN
⎣ VBy ⎦ ⎣ 0.95 m ⎥⎦ ⎣ VBy ⎦ ⎣ 38.309 ⎦
⎡ VCx ⎤ ⎡ 1.5 m ⎤ ⎡ VCx ⎤ ⎡ -0.88 ⎤

⎢ ⎥ ≔ τC ⋅ t ⋅ ⎢ ⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥ kN
⎣ VCy ⎦ ⎣ 2.2 m ⎥⎦ ⎣ VCy ⎦ ⎣ -1.29 ⎦
⎡ VDx ⎤ ⎡ 1.5 m ⎤ ⎡ VDx ⎤ ⎡ 66.6 ⎤

⎢ ⎥ ≔ τD ⋅ t ⋅ ⎢ ⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥ kN
V
⎣ Dy ⎦ ⎣ 0.95 m ⎥⎦ ⎣ VDy ⎦ ⎣ 42.18 ⎦
⎡ VEx ⎤ ⎡ 1.5 m ⎤ ⎡ VEx ⎤ ⎡ -59.609 ⎤

⎢ ⎥ ≔ τE ⋅ t ⋅ ⎢ ⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥ kN
⎣ VEy ⎦ ⎣ 2.2 m ⎥⎦ ⎣ VEy ⎦ ⎣ -87.426 ⎦

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⎡ VFx ⎤ ⎡ 1.5 m ⎤ ⎡ VFx ⎤ ⎡ 66.6 ⎤

⎢ ⎥ ≔ τF ⋅ t ⋅ ⎢ ⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥ kN
⎣ VFy ⎦ ⎣ 0.95 m ⎥⎦ ⎣ VFy ⎦ ⎣ 42.18 ⎦
⎡ VGx ⎤ ⎡ 1.5 m ⎤ ⎡ VGx ⎤ ⎡ -193.689 ⎤

⎢ ⎥ ≔ τG ⋅ t ⋅ ⎢ ⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥ kN
V
⎣ Gy ⎦ ⎣ 0.95 m ⎥⎦ ⎣ VGy ⎦ ⎣ -122.67 ⎦
Thus
⎡ VAx ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ VAy ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 60.489 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 88.717 ⎥
VBx 60.489 VBy 38.309
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ VCx ⎥ ⎢ -0.88 ⎥ ⎢ VCy ⎥ ⎢ -1.29 ⎥
⎢ VDx ⎥ = ⎢ 66.6 ⎥ kN ⎢ VDy ⎥ = ⎢ 42.18 ⎥ kN
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ -59.609 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ -87.426 ⎥
⎢ VEx ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ VEy ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ VFx ⎥ ⎢ 66.6 ⎥ ⎢ VFy ⎥ ⎢ 42.18 ⎥
⎢ V ⎥ ⎣ -193.689 ⎦ ⎢ V ⎥ ⎣ -122.67 ⎦
⎣ Gx ⎦ ⎣ Gy ⎦
Below shows the shear resultants and shear stress for all fields in the stringer model

03/23/2022
Determine the stringer forces
Vertical stringers: 1-2-3, 4-5-6, 7-8-9, 10-11-11-12, and 13-14
⎡ S1x ⎤ ⎡ P1 - R1 ⎤ ⎡ -157.026 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢
S ≔ P1 - R1 + VAy = -68.309 ⎥ kN
⎢ 2x ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ S3x ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ P1 - R1 + VAy + VBy ⎥⎦ ⎣ -30 ⎦
⎡ S4x ⎤ ⎡ P4 ⎤ ⎡ 26.136 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢
S ≔ P4 - VAy + VCy = -63.871 ⎥ kN
⎢ 5x ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ S6x ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ P4 - VAy + VCy - VBy + VDy ⎥⎦ ⎣ -60 ⎦
⎡ S7y ⎤ ⎡ P7 ⎤ ⎡ 26.136 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ kN
S ≔ P7 - VCy + VEy = -60
⎢ 8y ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ S9y ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ P7 - VCy + VEy - VDy + VFy ⎥⎦ ⎣ -60 ⎦
⎡ S10y ⎤ ⎡ P10 ⎤ ⎡ 13.068 ⎤

⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
S P10 - VEy
⎢ 11y.below ⎥ ≔ ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ 100.494 ⎥ kN
⎢ S11y.above ⎥ ⎢ P10 - VEy + P11 ⎥ ⎢ 104.85 ⎥
⎢⎣ S12y ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ P10 - VEy + P11 - VFy + VGy ⎥⎦ ⎣ -60 ⎦
⎡ S13y ⎤ ⎡ -R13 + P13 ⎤ ⎡ -152.67 ⎤

⎢ ⎥≔⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥⎦ kN
⎣ S14y ⎦ ⎣ -R13 + P13 - VGy ⎦ ⎣ -30
Horizontal stringers: 1-4-7-10, 2-5-8-11-13, and 3-6-9-12-14
⎡ S1x ⎤ ⎡ 0 kN ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ VAx ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
S4x 60.489
⎢ ⎥≔⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥ kN
⎢ S7x ⎥ ⎢ VAx + VCx ⎥ ⎢ 59.609 ⎥
⎢⎣ S10x ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ VAx + VCx + VEx ⎥⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎦
⎡ S2x ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
S VBx - VAx 0
⎢ 5x ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ S8x ⎥ ≔ ⎢ VBx - VAx + VDx - VCx ⎥=⎢ 67.48 ⎥ kN
⎢ S11x ⎥ ⎢ VBx - VAx + VDx - VCx + VFx - VEx ⎥ ⎢ 193.689 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ -14 ⎥
⎣ S13x ⎦ ⎣ VBx - VAx + VDx - VCx + VFx - VEx + VGx ⎦ ⎣ -2.91 ⋅ 10 ⎦

03/23/2022
⎡ S3x ⎤ ⎡ 0 kN ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
S6x -VBx -60.489
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ S9x ⎥ ≔ ⎢ -VBx - VDx ⎥ = ⎢ -127.089 ⎥ kN
⎢ S12x ⎥ ⎢ -VBx - VDx - VFx ⎥ ⎢ -193.689 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥⎦
⎣ S14x ⎦ ⎣ -VBx - VDx - VFx - VGx ⎦ ⎣
Below shows the axial force diagram in the stringers
(+) sign means tension

(-) sign means compression
Below shows the stringer forces in the stringer model

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Below shows the stringer forces in the stringer model
Maximum tension in the stringer Tmax ≔ S11x = 193.689 kN

03/23/2022
Maximum tension in the stringer Tmax ≔ S11x = 193.689 kN

Tmax
Reinforcement in the tensile stringer Areq ≔ ――= 422.595 mm 2
fyd
Choose 2Y20 ϕ ≔ 20 mm As ≔ 628 mm 2
Tensile resistance TRd ≔ As ⋅ fyd = 287.833 kN
Tmax Tmax
Utilization ratio ――= 0.673 ――≤ 1 = 1 OK
TRd TRd
Maximum compression in the stringer Cmax ≔ ||S12x|| = 193.689 kN
Width of compressive stringer bstringer ≔ 150 mm
bstringer.max ≔ 20% ⋅ 0.95 m = 190 mm (Betonkonstruktioner section 12.3)
bstringer ≤ bstringer.max = 1 OK
Cmax
Maximum compressive stress σc.max ≔ ――― = 6.456 MPa
bstringer ⋅ t
Efficiency factor for normally reinforced cross section in connection to bending moment
⎛ fck ⎞
νm ≔ max ⎜0.6 , 0.98 - ―――― ⎟ = 0.92 (Betonkonstruktioner (6.15)
⎝ 500 MPa ⎠
Plastic concrete strength for compressive stringers νm ⋅ fcd = 19.034 MPa
σc.max σc.max
Check ――― = 0.339 ――― ≤1=1 OK
νm ⋅ fcd νm ⋅ fcd
Shear field reinforcement

03/23/2022
Shear field reinforcement
Maximum shear stress τmax ≔ ||τG|| = 0.646 MPa
Choose the same reinforcement in both direction
mm 2 mm 2
Guess Values
cotθ ≔ 1 Asx ≔ 300 ―― Asy ≔ 300 ――

m m
τmax ⋅ t τmax ⋅ t
Asx ＝ ――― ⋅ cotθ Asy ＝ ―――
Constraints
fyd fyd ⋅ cotθ
Asx ＝ Asy
⎡ Asx.req ⎤
⎢ ⎥
Solver
A ≔ find ⎛⎝Asx , Asy , cotθ ⎞⎠

⎢ sy.req ⎥
⎣ cotθ ⎦
⎡ Asx.req ⎤ ⎡ 281.73 ⎤ mm 2
⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥ ―― cotθ = 1
⎣ Asy.req ⎦ ⎣ 281.73 ⎦ m
⎛ 1 ⎞
Diagonal stress in concrete σc ≔ τmax ⋅ ⎜cotθ + ―― ⎟ = 1.291 MPa
⎝ cotθ ⎠
⎛ fck ⎞
Efficiency factor for shear νν ≔ max ⎜0.45 , 0.7 - ―――― ⎟ = 0.55
⎝ 200 MPa ⎠
(Betonkonstruktioner (5.24))
Plastic concrete strength νν ⋅ fcd = 11.379 MPa
σc σc
Check ――― = 0.113 ――― ≤1=1 OK
νν ⋅ fcd νν ⋅ fcd
mm 2
Minimum vertical reinforcement mesh for wall As.vmin ≔ 0.002 ⋅ t = 400 ――
m
mm 2
Maximum vertical reinforcement mesh for wall As.vmax ≔ 0.04 ⋅ t = ⎛⎝8 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ――
m
Maximum spacing of the vertical reinforcement mesh (DS EN 1992-1-1, 9.6.2)

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Maximum spacing of the vertical reinforcement mesh (DS EN 1992-1-1, 9.6.2)
sv.max ≔ min ((3 ⋅ t , 400 mm )) = 400 mm
Minimum horizontal reinforcement mesh for wall (DS EN 1992-1-1, 9.6.3)

mm 2
As.hmin ≔ max ⎛⎝25% ⋅ As.vmin , 0.001 ⋅ t⎞⎠ = 200 ――
m
Maximum spacing of the horizontal reinforcement mesh
sh.max ≔ 400 mm
1 mm 2
―⋅ As.vmin = 200 ――
2 m
Choose reinforcement mesh Y10/200 for both direction (horizontal and vertical) for
each face.
mm 2 mm 2 mm 2
As.mesh ≔ 393 ――+ 393 ――= 786 ―― (Teknisk Ståbi table 5.7)
m m m
Buckling analysis of compressive stringer 13-14
Statical model
Check if the second order effect can be ignored by making
sure slenderness ratio of the column is lower than the
limitation in Betonkonstruktioner (7.6).
The stringer is assumed to be centrically loaded by a point
load. The buckling stress is then calculated from the
formula in Betonkonstruktioner 7.13. Ensure that the
design stress is lower than the buckling stresss.
Anchorage solution

03/23/2022
Anchorage solution
60.5 kN
Tension stress in the stringer σsd1 ≔ ―――= 96.338 MPa
1-4-7-10 As
σsd1
Basis anchorage length lb.rqd1 ≔ 61 ⋅ ϕ ⋅ ―― = 256.433 mm
fyd
(Assume poor bond condition)
⎛ 37 mm ⎞
Use bent up bar cd ≔ min ⎜――― , 50 mm ⎟ = 18.5 mm
⎝ 2 ⎠
cd ≤ 3 ⋅ ϕ = 1 α1 ≔ 1 α2 ≔ 1
157 kN
Transverse pressure p ≔ ―――― = 3.925 MPa
t ⋅ 200 mm
⎛ ⎛ p ⎞⎞
α5 ≔ max ⎜0.7 , min ⎜1 , 1 - 0.04 ⋅ ――⎟⎟ = 0.843
⎝ ⎝ MPa ⎠⎠
Transverse reinforcement (U-bar Y10) Ast.min ≔ 79 mm 2 (Teknisk Ståbi table 5.8)
Ast ≔ 79 mm 2
Ast - Ast.min
K' ≔ 0.05 λ ≔ ――――= 0
As
α3 ≔ 1 - K' ⋅ λ = 1

03/23/2022
α3 ≔ 1 - K' ⋅ λ = 1
Welded transverse reinforcement is not used
Design anchorage length lbd1 ≔ α1 ⋅ α2 ⋅ α3 ⋅ α5 ⋅ lb.rqd1 = 216.173 mm
Tmax
Tension stress in the stringer σsd2 ≔ ――= 308.423 MPa
8-11-13 As
σsd2
fyd
Design anchorage length lbd2 ≔ α1 ⋅ α2 ⋅ α3 ⋅ lb.rqd2 = 820.965 mm

27 kN
Tension stress in the stringer σsd3 ≔ ――― = 42.994 MPa
4-5 and 7-8 As
σsd3
fyd

105 kN
Tension stress in the stringer σsd4 ≔ ――― = 167.197 MPa
10-11 As
σsd4
fyd

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
B C
Scale 1:600
6000
100 100 All Units are in mm
100 Section A 100
Steel S550
Concrete C30
U-bøjle Y10 / 200mm
2Y20
U-bøjle Y10/ 200 mm 1100

Y10 / 200 mm in both directions

2Y20
Student: Phealy Thourk
Study number: 293272
2Y20
3300
2200 2200
90
50
2Y20 50
1300
1500 1500 1500 1500

Solution of Stringer 2

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Solution of Stringer 2

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VIA University College

All thickness of the wall t ≔ 200 mm

Length of the wall l ≔ 6000 mm

Height of the wall H ≔ 3300 mm

Width of the opening, measured from surface of wall C b ≔ 1300 mm

Height of the opening h ≔ 2200 mm

Hence, the building is assessed to be in high

KFI ≔ 1.1 (DS/EN 1990 annex B, table B1)

Non-Commercial Use Only

Non-Commercial Use Only

The loads are shown in the stringer model below:

Positive shear stress:

Determine the reactions

From horizontal equilibrium: R10 ≔ 0 kN

From moment equilibrium:

Non-Commercial Use Only

Check: R1 + R13 = 327.12 kN

P1 + P3 + P4 + P6 + P7 + P9 + P10 + P11 + P12 + P13 + P14 = 327.12 kN

R1 + R13 ＝ P1 + P3 + P4 + P6 + P7 + P9 + P10 + P11 + P12 + P13 + P14 → 1 True

Determine shear stresses in all stress fields

Determine the degree of static indeterminacy

Numbers of holes F≔0

Numbers of stringer lines from rim to rim S1 ≔ 8

Numbers of lines that their whole lengths are

Numbers of reactions R≔3

Degree of static indeterminacy N ≔ K - F - ⎛⎝2 ⋅ S1 - S2⎞⎠ + ((R - 3))

Non-Commercial Use Only

Cut a vertical section through fields A and B

Thus τA ⋅ 2.2 m ⋅ t + τB ⋅ 0.95 m ⋅ t ＝ R1 - P3 - P1

Cut a vertical section through field G

P14 + P13 - R13

Cut a horizontal section through fields B, D, F and G

Non-Commercial Use Only

Cut a horizontal section through fields B, D, F and G

τB ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m + τD ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m + τF ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m + τG ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m ＝ 0

Cut a vertical section through fields E and F

P12 + P11 + P10 + P14 + P13 - R13 - τF ⋅ t ⋅ 0.95 m

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Cut a horizontal section through fields A, C and E

-τA ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m - τE ⋅ t ⋅ 1.5 m

Thus, shear stresses are ⎡ τA ⎤ ⎡ ⎤

Determine the shear resultants

⎡ VAx ⎤ ⎡ 1.5 m ⎤ ⎡ VAx ⎤ ⎡ 60.489 ⎤

⎡ VBx ⎤ ⎡ 1.5 m ⎤ ⎡ VBx ⎤ ⎡ 60.489 ⎤

⎡ VCx ⎤ ⎡ 1.5 m ⎤ ⎡ VCx ⎤ ⎡ -0.88 ⎤

⎡ VDx ⎤ ⎡ 1.5 m ⎤ ⎡ VDx ⎤ ⎡ 66.6 ⎤

⎡ VEx ⎤ ⎡ 1.5 m ⎤ ⎡ VEx ⎤ ⎡ -59.609 ⎤

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⎡ VFx ⎤ ⎡ 1.5 m ⎤ ⎡ VFx ⎤ ⎡ 66.6 ⎤

⎡ VGx ⎤ ⎡ 1.5 m ⎤ ⎡ VGx ⎤ ⎡ -193.689 ⎤

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Determine the stringer forces

Vertical stringers: 1-2-3, 4-5-6, 7-8-9, 10-11-11-12, and 13-14

⎡ S10y ⎤ ⎡ P10 ⎤ ⎡ 13.068 ⎤

⎡ S13y ⎤ ⎡ -R13 + P13 ⎤ ⎡ -152.67 ⎤

Horizontal stringers: 1-4-7-10, 2-5-8-11-13, and 3-6-9-12-14

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Below shows the axial force diagram in the stringers

(+) sign means tension

Below shows the stringer forces in the stringer model

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Below shows the stringer forces in the stringer model

Maximum tension in the stringer Tmax ≔ S11x = 193.689 kN