Name: Aisha Abubakar Aliero

Ad-No: 19133
Course: Research Methodology
Date: 8/09/2021

ASSIGNMENT

Q1. Define the term bibliography and citation

A bibliography and citation is a reference to a book, article, web page, or other published item.
Citations should supply.

Bibliography (from Ancient Greek: βιβλίον, romanized: biblion, lit. 'book' and -γραφία, -graphía,
'writing'), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural
objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from Ancient Greek: -λογία, romanized: -
logía).
The word bibliographia (βιβλιογραφία) was used by Greek writers in the first three centuries CE
to mean the copying of books by hand. In the 12th century, the word started being used for "the
intellectual activity of composing books." The 17th century then saw the emergence of the
modern meaning, that of description of books.
1. Bibliography is a term used to describe the study of books and cultural objects with the
intent of achieving an academic purpose.

2. A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used (whether referenced or not) in
the process of researching your work.

3. What is a bibliography? The term bibliography is the term used for a list of sources (e.g.
books, articles, websites) used to write an assignment (e.g. an essay).

1. A “citation” is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from
another source.

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2. Citation a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author, especially in a scholarly
work.

Q2. Explain the type of bibliography and citation with their example

Type of bibliography
1. Analytical bibliography
2. Enumerative bibliography
3. Annotated bibliography

Analytical bibliography:
Analytical bibliographies include information concerning the booksellers and printers, paper and
binding descriptions, and any insights that unfold as a book evolved from a manuscript to a
published book.

Annotated bibliography:
Annotated bibliographies show the source of writer’s creation, in alphabetical order. This type of
bibliography lists a series of tasks that were done by the author of the paper.

Enumerative bibliography:
Students writing research papers commonly use enumerative bibliography. Here, the writer lists
all the references considering some specific arrangements. For example, an author starts with the
subject then lastly dates items listed.

Type of citation
1. In-text citations
2. Reference list citations

In-text citations
In-text citations use only a few details of the source, enough to locate its matching reference
citation in the reference list.

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Examples
in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field,
2005). For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14).

Reference list citations

Reference list citations provide more information about the source, so that the reader can find it
if they wish.
Example
 Derwing, T. M., Rossiter, M. J., & Munro, M. J. (2002). Teaching native speakers to
listen to foreign-accented speech. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural
Development, 23(4), 245-259.

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 REFERENCE

1. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_library
2. https://www.bachelorprint.eu/academic-writing/bibliography/
3. https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/apaquickguide/intext#:~:text=For%20every%20in
%2Dtext%20citation,2005%2C%20p.%2014).
4. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation
5. https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/the-sage-encyclopedia-of-communication-
research-methods/i7725.xml
6. https://penandthepad.com/different-types-bibliographies-6864367.html