REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
a. select relevant literature;
b. cite related literature using standard style;
c. synthesize information from relevant
literature;
d. write coherent review of literature; and
e. follow ethical standards in writing related
literature.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)

The Review of Related Literature is a compilation,
classification, and evaluation of literature or
research studies.

It contains a review of writings on a particular

subject with the purpose of (a) informing the
readers, (b) helping the researchers construct
tools, and (c) validating the research.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

STEPS IN CONDUCTING A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: (RRL)

1. Choose a topic and define your research
question.
2. Decide on the scope of your review. How
many studies do you need to look at?
3. Select the databases you will use to conduct
your researches.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

STEPS IN CONDUCTING A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL):

4. Conduct your researches and find the literature. In
searching for related literature, consider the following
types of sources:
a. Printed resources
i. books –printed materials
ii. journals –where research articles are written
iii. Newspaper –where important news is published daily
PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

STEPS IN CONDUCTING A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: (RRL)

5. Review the literature. Consider the following
tips in your review:
a. Look for the recent literature relevant to your
study.
b. Creates themes from the variables of the
study.
c. Make a list of important topics.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

STEPS IN CONDUCTING A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: (RRL)

5. Review the literature. Consider the following
tips in your review:
d. The materials must be as recent as possible
2012 and above), must be objective and unbiased
as possible, must be relevant to your study, and
must not be too few but not too many.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

STEPS IN CONDUCTING A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: (RRL)

6. Cite the related literature and studies using the
following ways:
a. By author or writer
b. By topic
c. Chronological
d. Direct quotations
e. Indirect quotations (citing sources taken from
other sources)
PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)

• In writing the RRL, provide an overview of the
subject, issue, or theory under consideration
along with the objectives of the literature
review.
• Include also an explanation how the work is
similar to and how it varies from others.
• At the end of the RRL, the synthesis must be
written.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)

• The synthesis shows which pieces are best
considered in their argument, are most
convincing of their opinions, and make the
greatest contribution to the development of the
area in research.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)

The following are the resources to be used and to
be included in the topical presentation of RRL:
1. Local literature. These are locally published
materials.
2. Local studies. These are existing studies
published and conducted in the Philippines.
3. Foreign literatures. These are internationally
published materials.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)

The following are the resources to be used and to
be included in the topical presentation of RRL:
4. Foreign studies. These are existing studies
published in other countries.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)

Moreover, the following must be prepared in writing the
second chapter of the research paper:
1. Outline. This includes topics to be covered. Subtopics
are also required.
2. Synthesis. This summarizes all the contents and
relates them to your thesis.
3. References. Cited references must be in APA format.
Use varied ways of citation and modes of presentation.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)

Plagiarism should also be avoided when writing the RRL. To
avoid plagiarism of language, you should do the following:

note-taking, quoting,
and paraphrasing.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)

Meanwhile, includes proper citation to avoid plagiarism of
ideas. Different ways of citation are as follows:
1. Author-oriented – starts with the name of the author,
followed by the year publication, and the arguments or
points.
2. Text-oriented – starts with the actual text followed by
the reference.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)

Meanwhile, includes proper citation to avoid plagiarism of
ideas. Different ways of citation are as follows:
3. Other ways – start with phrases like according to, as
stated by, etc. They are also done when citing sources form
images, movies, and the like.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE:

• CHRONOLOGICAL
a. Introduction
b. Most Recent to Least Recent Studies
c. Synthesis of the Review
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE:

• THEMATIC
a. Introduction
b. Studies on Independent Variable
c. Studies on Dependent Variable
d. Synthesis of Review
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE:

• COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
a. Introduction
b. Foreign Studies
c. Local Studies
d. Synthesis of Review
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

WEBSITES:
• GOOGLE SCHOLAR
• GOOGLE PATENTS
• SCOPUS INDEX JOURNAL – verify journal
• SCIMAGO RANKING – Quartile journal 1,2,3
• ERIC (Education Resource Information Center)
BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITING
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITING
The bibliography includes stating sources and reference
materials. Use the American Psychological Association
(APA) 7th edition format in writing the bibliography.
Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title and any
subtitles, as well as the first letter of any proper nouns. The
full title of the book, including any subtitles, should be
stated and italicized. Arrange the entries alphabetically. For
the first authors, use the first letter only.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITING
The following are guidelines in writing the bibliography
entries for specific sources:

Citation or In-text Citation

(Lopena, 2016) (Olivarez, 2017)
(Cortez, Mabeza, Brado, 2016, pp. 120-130)
(Ligos et al., 2016)
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITING
Citation or In-text Citation

According to Flores (2017)…

Olidan (2016) maintains that…
A study on the Pork Barrel Scam is a “doable research
work” (Abunda, 2016, p.78).
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITING
The following are guidelines in writing the bibliography
entries for specific sources:
1. Books
Author, A (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher.
Example:
Finney, J. (1970). Time and again. Simon and Schuster.
Note: For two authors, use the symbol “&.” For three
or more authors, use et al.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITING
2. Electronic Books

Author, A (Year of publication). Title of work. Retrieved

(date), from http://xxxx or http://do.org/xxxx.
Example:
Eggers, D. (2008). The circle. Retrieved December 12,
2017, from http://www/amazon.com/.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITING
3. Journals

Author(s). (Year). Title of journal article: Subtitle of article.

Title of journal, issue number (volume number),
page number(s).
Example:
Ferrer, C. (2008). Petroleum journal. 21st century skills.
Modern Magazine, 174(6), 15-21.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITING
4. E-journals
Author(s). (Year). Title of journal article: Subtitle of article.
Title of journal, issue number (volume number),
page number(s). Retrieved (data), from URL.
Example:
Ferrer, C. (2008). Petroleum journal. 21st century skills.
Modern Magazine, 174(6), 15-21.Retrieved
December 8, 2017, from http://www.skills-pdf.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITING
5. Newspapers
Author(s). (Year, month day). Title of newspaper article.
Title of newspaper, page number(s).

Example:
Sanchez, S. (2018, May 04). The Education Today.
Philippine Daily Inquirer, Column Section, 24.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITING
6. Online Newspapers
Author(s). (Year, month day). Title of newspaper article.
Title of newspaper, page number(s). Retrieved
(date), from URL.
Example:
Marquez, B. (2017 June 04). The Education Today. PDI
Online, Column Section. Retrieved July 8, 2017,
from URL.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITING
7. Web Sources
Author(s). (Year). Title of webpage or document: subtitle
[format]. Retrieved (date), from URL.
Example:
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITING
8. For Sources with No Author
“Title of the webpage”. (Year). Retrieved from (date), from URL.
Example:
“Riknakem Blog: The Episode” (2015). Retrieved July 1, 2018, from
http://www.riknakem.blogspot.com.

Note: If there is no date indicated in the web source,

write (n.d).
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITING
8. Theses, Dissertations, and Other Unpublished Works

Parayo, R. D. (2016). “Meta-cognitive reading among basic

learners.” Ph. D diss., U.P Diliman
Mariano, D. G. (2017). “English plus textbooks in college:
discourse Analysis.” M.A. UST.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

The following are examples of citations in APA style:
1. Place the author’s name and year of publication in
parentheses and separate it using a comma.
Example: In the beginning stages…(Jenkin, 2003).

2. If the name of the author appears in the text, cite only the
year in parentheses.
Example: Jenkins (2003) described the beginning stages…
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

3. If both the author and the publication year appeared in
the text, don’t include a parenthetical citation.
Example: In his influential 2003 study, Jenkins described…

4. If there are two authors, cite both names every time.

Example: Based on the findings of Sun and Cheng (2016)
appeared that…
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

5. If the source of your Review of Related Literature has
three (3) or more authors, cite only one author’s name plus
“et.al.” and its publication year.
Example: As mentioned in the study of Cavanaugh et.al.
(2009) there are newly emerging standards for a K-12 online
learning…
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

6. For citing a direct quotations (rather than paraphrase),
provide a page number in the citation in addition to the
author and date.
Example: But in the words of the inimitable Winnie:
“Rivers know this: there is no hurry. We shall get there
some day” (Milne, 1926, p. 79).
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

7. For citing secondary sources, find the primary source
and cite it directly rather than citing the secondary source,
If the year of the publication is present for the primary
source is known include it in the text.

Example: Rabbit 1982, as cited in Lyon et al. (2014) it was

described as the …
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

APA
The American Psychological Association (APA)
introduced the 7th edition of the Publication
Manual of the American Psychological
Association in late 2019. This revised style guide
includes a few minor changes compared to the 6th
edition. Here are the key differences:
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

APA
1.Et al.:
•In the 7th edition, “et al.” is used in the first in-
text citation for works with three or more
authors.
•In the reference list, you now provide the
surnames and initials for up to 20 authors.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

APA
2.Website Names:
•The 7th edition includes website names in
addition to the webpage title.
3.Publication Location:
•The location of the publisher (city or
country/state code) is no longer required.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

APA
4. ebook Publisher:
1.You no longer need to specify the platform,
format, or device (e.g., Kindle) for ebooks, but
you do need to provide the publisher.
5. “Retrieved from”:
1.You no longer need to write “Retrieved from”
before a URL.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

APA
6. DOIs:
1.DOIs are now formatted the same as URLs, and
you do not need to write “DOI.”
7. Spelling and Capitalization:
1.Ethnic and racial groups are capitalized.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

APA
8. Minor Changes:
1. Inclusive language, formatting assignments,
mechanics of style, tables, figures, graphs, and
heading levels have been updated.
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH
CHAPTER 3: LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
LESSON 4: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

REFERENCING CITES
• MENDELEY CITE
• ZOTERO
• SCRIBBR
https://www.youtube.com/live/g9KKB5PXta4?si=N1BWg8E7sSTDPr8k
https://youtu.be/vBDPLCk9lrc?si=b0_jUs-8ijPfx-Ou