Apply PubMed and HINARI

Critical review of literature

University of Health Sciences

Linda Pen, RN, BSN, BBN, MSc

penlinda63@gmail.com
077 505 414/ 098 314 853
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 Learning Objective
• What is Pubmed?
PubMed Literature Search
• Boolean Operators ( AND, OR, NOT)
• Wildcard (“*”)
• Search Field Tages
Using “Filters” in Pubmed
• What is MesH?
• What is HINARI?

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 PubMed
• Discuss (3 mins):
1. When did you use PubMed for the last time?
2. How often do you use PubMed? (1/month or
1/week or more?)
3. Is PubMed saved in your favorites websites?
4. Do you have a personal « My NCBI » account to
save your literature search?
5. What is the difference between « NCBI »,
« PubMed » and « Medline »?
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 Do not confuse
• NCBI « National Center for Biotechnology Information »
= US national resources center providing access to biomedical
and genomic information
=> Several databases

• PubMed « National Center for Biotechnology Information »

= the search engine

• MesH « Medical Subject Headings »

= the thesaurus (= the « dictionnary » of controlled vocabulary

• Medline = the database (= the content)

• NLM = National Library of Medicine

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 Why Chose PubMed?
• Find articles in the health sciences & Medicine

• Thousands of different journal freely available

• PubMed is a great place to start your research

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 Introduction PubMed
PubMed
• a service of the National Library of Medicine and the
National Institutes of Health.
[Bethesda, Md.] : NCBI, [1996]-
• Searchable database.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Online Access
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Free/Open Access. Customized
URL for the JHU community's access to full text in
Pubmed.
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 Definition PubMed
• PubMed® comprises more than 32 million citations
for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science
journals, and online books. Citations may include
links to full text content from PubMed Central (PMC)
and publisher web sites.

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 PubMed Literature Search
Basic Search Strategy:

• Boolean Operators ( AND, OR, NOT)

• Wildcard (“*”)
• Search Field Tages ( eg. *au+ Mean “author’,
“Rutherford *au+”

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 Boolean Operators
3 Operators
AND, OR, NOT
• Must be CAPITALIZED
• Lowercase operators (ex: “and” , “or”, “not”)
Will all be replaced with “AND”
• Order of teams is crucial
• Quotes group pharses together:
diabetes mellitus Phototherpy =
diabetes mellitus AND Phototherpy*
“diabetes mellitus AND Phototherpy” 9
 Search Field Tages
Helpful tags :
. *au+ ….author
. [ti+……title
. [tiab+……title/abstract
. [tw+ …..text words
Ex: prevent*[tiab] AND diarrh*[tiab]

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 Using “Filters” in Pubmed
• Time filter……………in the past 5 years?
• Sex filter…………Only female or male subjects?
• Language filter……Only English or French?
• Age Filter…………..Infant subjects?
• Article type ………only randomized Control trials
• Subjects filter….Only AIDS? CANCER

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Optimize your search : use simple words
- Try to « break down » your research question
into different concepts/Areas
- Type directly the simple words
Ex: what is the epidemiology of dengue in Cambodia?

Concept A Concept B Concept C Concept D

Etiology and Arterial Cambodia
prevalence hypertension

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http://guides.ucsf.edu/supersearching
 Introduction: What is MeSH?
This brief tutorial is designed to help you:

• Understand the purpose and structure of the

Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and

• Use MeSH to search MEDLINE®/PubMed® for

medical literature and information.

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 Why use MesH?
• Increase precision of your search, gets articles
that are really ABOUT your topic.

• Allows you to use subheadings like/ therapy/

genetics/ drug effects.

• Find articles regardless of terminology the

author uses.
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 On the other hand,
• Using MesH mean you will not get the very
latest articles added on the PubMed database
because it takes time for humans at NLM to
index/ label each article.

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 What you get from MeSH
• One, you receive multiple recommended
MeSH term for your concept.
• Two, you may be taken directly to the one
MeSH term that apply to your concept.
• Three, you may received a no items found
message, if no..
• If the latter happens, you may try a synonym
or related them.

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 What you get from MeSH
• Read the brief descriptions under each term
to determine if it is appreciate for inclusion
within your concept group.

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 Information MeSH
• To learn more information about the MeSH
term or terms you have selected.
• you can click on the term to view its record
page.
• The MeSH term record term include a
definition of the term.
• The year it was introduced.
• Some subheadings (but you ignore these for
now)
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 Information MeSH
• A list of entry terms,
• And look at the MeSH Tree
• The entry terms list is a excellent resource for
identifying any additional synonyms, spelling
or related terms that you may not have
considered when you were brainstorming your
keywords and any new terms from the list to
your keywords row in the concept table.

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The MeSH term record term include
a definition of the term

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 Some subheadings
(but you ignore these for now)

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Entry terms

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MeSH Tree

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 MeSH Tree Structures
MeSH headings are organized in a "tree" with 16 main branches:

A. Anatomy
B. Organisms
C. Diseases
D. Chemicals and Drugs
E. Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
F. Psychiatry and Psychology
G. Phenomena and Processes
H. Disciplines and Occupations
I. Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena
J. Technology, Industry, Agriculture
K. Humanities
L. Information Science
M. Named Groups
N. Health Care
V. Publication Characteristics
Z. Geographicals
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 The MeSH Database
The MeSH Database available from PubMed's home
page and database selection menu allows you to:
• locate and select MeSH terms (Headings, Subheadings,
Supplementary Concept Records, and Publication Types) for
use in PubMed searches
• see the definition and other helpful information for a MeSH
term
• see the position of MeSH terms in the hierarchy
• select MeSH heading/subheading combinations to build a
PubMed search
See this web:
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/disted/meshtutorial/themeshdatabase/index.html

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 Use MeSH keywords
Find specific Keywords (KW) related to each
concept
 Find KW in the [MesH] thesaurus
Ex: Etiology and prevalence [MesH]
Ex: Arterial hypertension [MesH]
Ex: Cambodia; Asia, Southeastern [MesH]
Find other KW at the end of the abstract of relevant
articles you have already found in PubMed

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 Use search tips
Use practical « basic tips »
Use OR to connect similar concepts
Use AND to connect different concepts
Use “quotation marks” to look for an exact phrase
Use [tiab] to find word/phrase in the article
title/abstract
Use [ti] to find word/phrase in the article title
Use * to find possible endings to a word (i.e.,
discover* finds discovery, discoveries, etc.)

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 List preference sources of info
• Get familiar with relevant sources of
information, useful for your thesis

• Question:
– Could you list the most read journals in your
specialty
– For your thesis, what are the 5 journals most
relevant?
– And what about Cambodian or ASEAN journals?
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 Apply PubMed
• Your should search your articles by using
PubMed
• Using MesH
• Using google
• Using Google scholar or
• What…..?
See this website:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJj9gdpepS4

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 Hinari
• Discuss:
– Do you have a password for Hinari now? Did you
have one before? Why don’t you use any more?
– When did you use Hinari for the last time?
– How often do you use Hinari?
– Is Hinari saved in your best websites?
 HINARI = 1 facilitator for your thesis!

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 HINARI Policy
• Institution login/password
– No individual login/password
– Access for staff and students of the institution
• Access by computers:
– Of the institution
– and personnal computers
– NOT from computers / internet café !!!
• Control at the country level: login will be locked if used
outside Cambodia!!!
• Control on Google/social medias (Fb) : locked if
published online

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Access Hinari (ex: via Google)

HINARI

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 Enter Hinari

Ex CAMYYY
XXXXX

From Cambodia
And from Cambodia ONLY:
If used from a Computer outside Cambodia,
Password will be deactivated by HINARI !!!
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Hinari access to journals/books

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 Hinari access to journals/books
• Workshop / Homework:
– identify 5 to 10 journals relevant for your thesis
• « General journals » (ex: Lancet, BMG, NEJM…)
• « Specialty journals » (ex: « Intensive care medicine »…
– Identify 2 textbooks relevanted for your thesis

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Hinari access to PubMed

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 Hinari access to PubMed
• Homework:
– Conduct an article search about healthcare in
Cambodia using PubMed find the article
– 1 search without HINARI
– 1 search with HINARI

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Through NCBI only:
35 USD!    

NCBI through HINARI

Free!    

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 « Take-Home Messages »
for your thesis
• PubMed + HINARI
= efficient + free research
Use appropriate key-words + limits
• « My NCBI » account
= save research and time
= regular and automatic update
• « Top » sources of information:
–5 journals in your field + 5 general journals
–1-2 textbooks
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 2. Appraise Critically
Objectives:
For your thesis:
•to have an efficient critical first look to the title
+ abstract
•to use a structured approach for in-depth
reading for my thesis

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 Literature critical appraisal:
barriers & opportunities?
• In your experience of MHPEd student in Cambodia,
what were/are the barriers and opportunities for
literature critical appraisal?
• « I’m lost with too many • I have a systematic triage
titles/abstracts strategy, first based on title +
• I can’t remember what is the abstract
« take-home message » of the • When I read the full text, I
articles I read write notes to remember
• I’m not familiar with in-depth • When needed, I use a checklist
reading and critical appraisal • I discuss articles with
• Thesis manuscripts: many colleagues and take advices
references, but poor quality from my thesis supervisor »

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Be systematic in your triage of documents
• Appraise critically the title + abstract
1. Title
+Abstract
• Decide to read the full-text article or not

• Have an overview of the article

2. Overview
Full text
• Decide to read it in-depth or not

• In-depth critical appraisal of the document

3. In-depth • Use a checklist

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 1. Titles + Abstracts: caution!
• Caution:
– Titles and abstracts do not always reflect the real
content of the paper
– Titles and abstracts are free; full-text articles not
always  dangerous biaises

• Advices:
– Do not fully trust titles and abstracts!
– Do not rely just on the absract to quote a reference
– Do not use free/paying criteria as research criteria

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 « Take-Home Messages »
for your DES thesis
• Title and Abstract
= cautious for triage: « good but not good enough! »
• Critical appraisal
= needs regular practice, individual + « journal club »
= appropriate checkslists fot more systematic appraisal
• Read & Write
= keep a record of what you’ve read!
= anticipate what/where/why you may use this
document as a reference
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Selection Process of references for thesis
• What?
– Type: Review? Descriptive
Title study? Trial?...
+ Abstarct – Figure? Statement? Where?
Full-text • Where?
Reading – Introduction
Critical – Method
Appraisal – Discussion
Ref quoted
for thesis
• Why?
– Provide background, gaps…
– Justify choice (of RQ, tool…)
– Compare results
• How?
– Briefly or detailed (« Dupond et
al. Studied… »)

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 « Read & Write » = use annotations
while preparing your bibliography
Example:
•Adhikari NK, Fowler RA, Bhagwanjee S, Rubenfeld
GD, (2010) Critical care and the global burden of
critical illness in adults. Lancet 376: 1339-1346.
– What? A systematic review
– Where? Introduction >> background
– Why? States the current and projected needs in
critical care ressources
– How? Definition + Figure p. 1340

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 References
1- Johns Hopkins. PubMed [Internet]. Johns Hopkins J, Library;
[updated 2021; cited 2021 Apr 03]. Available from:
https://catalyst.library.jhu.edu/catalog/bib_2210499
2- National Library of Medicine. Medical Subject Headings
(MeSH®) in MEDLINE®/PubMed®: A Tutorial [Internet]. NLM;
[updated 2021; cited 2021 Apr 03]. Available from:
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/disted/meshtutorial/introduction/
index.html
3. Gestein Library. PubMed: Finding primary research and review
articles[Internet]. NLM; [updated 2011 Jan 19; cited 2021 Apr
03]. Available
from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6allAzgs4hw
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