426 S. Mr. J. Bot.

1997,63(6) 426-435

A revised list of seaweeds from Inhaca Island, Mozambique

A.T. Critchley', M.E. Aken" S. Bandeira' and M. Kalk 3

*Department of Botany, University of the Witwatersrand , Private Bag Wits 2050 Repub lic of South Africa
1 Department of Botany , University of Natal, P.O. Box 375 , Pletermaritzbu rg 3200. Present address: AMCOAL ,
Environmental Services, P.8ag X9, Leraatsfontein
2University Eduardo MondJane, Department of Biology, Private Bag 375, Maputo , Mozambique
30epartment of Zoology, University of the W itwatersrand , Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, P.O. Wits 2050 Republic
of South Africa (deceased)

Received 25 April 1997; revised 23 September 1997

An updated compilation of marine algae for Inhaca Island, Mozambique is provided. The list comprises 205 species
and infraspecific taxa (64 Chlorophyta, 23 Phaeophyta and 118 Rhodophyta). Nineteen of the seaweeds (9% of all
records) have recently been placed into synonymy. The most common orders are C ladophora les (including
Siphonocladales), Caulerpales , Gigartinales and Rhodymeniales. A R+c/p ratio of7 .91 ind icates strongly the presence
of a tropica l seaweed flora.

Keywords: Inhaca Island, Mozambique, sub-tropical seaweed flo ra , Indian Ocean, southern Africa.

"To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Introduction
The benthic intertidal seaweed flora of the east coast of southern
Africa is documented and summarized in a number of publica-
tions (see Seagrief 1980, for Maputaland; Bolton & Stegenga
1987, for Transkei; Seagrief 1988, for the Eastern Cape; Bolton
& Stegenga 1990, for Cape Agulhas; Bolton el al. 1991, for
False Bay; Jackelman el al. 1991, for Cape Hangklip and Farrell
el al. 1993 1994 for KwaZulu-Natal). In contrast, there is rela-
tively little information available from the marine sublittoral
zone of South Africa (but see Anderson & Stegenga 1989). How-
ever, Inhaca Island, Mozambique has attracted considerable
attention from marine biologists. Isaac (1956) first investigated
the marine algal flora of the island to obtain data relating to the
distribution of seaweeds in the then Union of South Africa. Sub-
sequent accounts of components of the marine flora appeared in
Post (1957), Chamberlain (1958), Isaac (1958 1959) and Isaac
and Chamberlain (1958). Pocock (1958) published the first
checklist for the island. Additions to the list have been made by
subsequent authors and particularly those associated with the
International Indian Ocean Expedition of 1962 (viz. P. Silva
1959; Taylor 1967; Saenger t971, 1973; Wollaston 1984 and
Lambert el al. 1987). A biogeographic analysis of the island's
seaweed flora was produced by Critchley el at. (1994). This
present report represents the, as yet unpublished, species Jist used
in that analysis) . Separate lists of cyanobacteria in nine families
containing 26 genera have been prepared for the island (S ilva
1991 a,b,c; Silva & Cuamba 1991). Further details on the general
ecology of the island and adjacent Mozambique mainland can be
found in Isaac (1957), Kalk (1959), Day (1974), Stephenson and
Stephenson (1972) and Kalk (1995).
Inhaca Island forms part of a natural barrier between Maputo
and the Indian Ocean, on the east of Maputo Bay, at 26°00'S lati-
tude and 32°55'E longitude. The island falls under the influence
of the southerly-flowing tropical Mozambique Current (Macn ae
& Kalk 1958; Macnae 1962, 1995), which runs along the conti-
nental shelf approximately eight kilometres off the eastern shore.
The Mozambique Current has a core temperature of 2 5°C and its
waters circulate in a mini-gyre towards Maputo Bay (De Freitas
1984).
Surface seawater temperatures on the east coast of Inhaca
Island are usually about 24.5°C in contrast to the west coast
where the shallower waters of Maputo Bay can be warmed con-
siderably by insolation and reach temperatures in the upper 20's
(Isaac 1937; Macnae & Kalk 1958, 1962; Kalk 1995 ). The island
is also influenced, to some degree, by an erratic counter-current
which may flow northward above the continental shelf (inside
the Mozambique Current), bringing cooler waters to the east
coast of Inhaca in winter. These phenomena result in marked
temperature differences between the east and west coasts of the
island. Similarly, differences in salinity exist between the eastern
shores of the island (c.3 5.54%) and Maputo Bay shores, which
receive freshwater influences (c.30- 33.9%; Macnae & Kalk
1962).
The tidal range of extreme spring tides at I nhaca is 3.7 m, with
an average of 3.3 m (Macnae & Kalk 1962), which compares
with a maximum of less than 2.0 m for neighbouring South
Africa (Bauer 1933). Tides are semi-diurnal, with two high and
two low tides per day. Spring low tides occur between 09h30-
13hOO (being more pronounced between 12hOO-I3hOO) and
22hOO-01 hOO, thus low water of spring tides (L WST) occurs dur-
ing the heat of the day (mean annual air temperature range is
18.7-26.9'C; Macnae & Kalk 1958, 1962; Kalk 1995). The coin-
cidence of low spring tides with the hottest part of the day is a
factor that severely limits algal distribution above the mean tide
level of the shore (Kalk 1954; Isaac 1958). Dense seaweed vege-
tation occurs on rocky shores only, such as those on the
north-eastern end of the island. The wide belts of algae present
are made more visible by the gently sloping shores and the large
ti dal range, exposing extensive tracts of beach at low water.
Some of the island's sandy shores also provide varied substrata
for colonization by sand-adapted algae (e.g. Calilerpa spp. and
Udolea spp.; Isaac 1958). Isaac (1956) reported that there were
reasons to believe there is more luxuriant growth of marine algae
during the summer months but this statement remains
uncorroborated.
This paper presents a revised list of marine algae for Inhaca
Island, Mozambique. A number of these algae are of potential
economic value and warrant further study as a source of colloid,
secondary products (b iologically active compounds) or food
(Aingworth 1996; Vlachos el al. 1996; Gillespie el al 1997).
 S. Afr. J. Bot. 1997.63((,)
Materials and Methods
Specim ens of Inhaca Island seaweeds wefe either exam in ed from
4% fonnalin-lixl!d mati!rial or herbarium voucht!rs which are depos-
iled in The Alhany Museum (GRA), Grahamstowl1, South Africa
(M.A. Pllf.:OCK collection): The Moss Herbarium (J). University of
thl! Witwut(;rsrand. Johannesburg, South Africa (C .E. Moss, col-
lected 193X: W.E. Isaac collected 1954/56; R.L. Davidson collected.
1955; AC,O Mogg collected 195&-60 and 1979; F.D. Hancock col-
It.:ctcd 1460 and R.N. Pienaar and S. Sym col1ected 1989) and the
Universidaue Eduardo Mond lanc (LMU). Maputo. Mozambique (1.
de KOlling and E.M.C. Groencndijk collected 1984).
Rd~rcnccs for idl.!ntitication include Jaasund (1976). Simons
( 1976) and Sen grief ( 1980. 1988); some species, however. required
the use of other taxonomic publications: viz. Kylin (1938). Levring
(1938). Papenfu ss ( 1947). P.Silva (1959). Simons (1966). Lawson
and John (1982). Norris and Aken (1985). Norris (1986. 1987a.b and
c). Norri s c!1 al (1987) and Chamberlain and Keats (1994) \vere also
consulted. Nomenclature. where appropriate, follows Seagrief
( 1984) and dassiticatiotl is taken from Seagrief (1980) nnd Wynne
and Kraft ( 198 1). Taxonomic and nomenclatura l changes have been
chcl:ked against Papenfuss et al. (1982), King and Puttock (1989).
i-Iu isman and Borow itzl\a ( 1990) and P.S i1 va Itt al. (1987. 1996). The
taxonomy and nomcnd<iture of P.Silva el al. (1996) have been
adopted.
The nature of lhe seaweed tlora of Inhacn island was assessc:d using
the Ooristic ratio of Chelley (1977). viz.:
R .+ C ~ No. o(rhodoph)(k5p ocj",--+.J~lJLDfl:hloroph}1l!.sp<cies
P No. ofphaeophyte spec ies
\Vith this ca lcu lati on. a value of3.0 ind icates co ld wah:r fl ora. whilst
values of > 6.0 indic ate a tropi caillora (Kapraun 1980, Mathieson &
Pellniman I()S6)
Results
Based on published records and unpublished collections, a list of
marine algae for Inh aca Island was compiled totalling 205
records (see Appendix I ). T hi s total was made up of24 genera of
Chlorophyta (64 records in tolal), 13 genera of Phaeophyta (23
records in total) and 73 genera of Rhodophyta (118 records in
total). The most common orders are Cladophorales (including
Siphonocl adales, 10 records) Bryopsidales (42 records), Dictyo-
tales (10 records), Cora llinales (13 records), Gigartinales ( II
records) and the Ceramiales (60 records).The floristic ratio of
Che ney (1977; R'C/ p ) gave a value of 7.91. N ineteen of the
records have been placed into synonymy (after Silva el al. 1996.
marked 'sy n. *, in Appendix I next to the most recent name
applied locally) .
Discussion
T he close link between seawater temperature and seaweed flora
in so uthern Africa is well documented (Isaac 1937, 1938;
Stephenson 1948; Macnae 1962; Brown & Jarman 1978; Bolton
1986; Bolton & Stegenga 1987, 1990; Farrell etal. 1993 , 1994).
The 7 .91 floristic ratio for Inh aca Island is indicative ofa decid-
ed ly tropical fl ora. A feature of the flora of the island is the large
number of siphonous green algae, some of which also occur in
KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Simons 1976; Seagrief 1980),
Tanzania (Jaasund 1976), Madagascar and the Pacific Ocean
islands (Pocock 1958 ; see also Farrell el al. 1994). The predomi-
nance of these s iphonaceous green a lgae is probably a refl ection
of the large, sandy intertidal areas avai lable to colonization on
the east coast of sout hern Africa.
The tropical composition of the Inhaca seaweed flo ra may
seem unu sual initially, as the island is situated in the subtropics
and is seasonally washed by a cooler counter current in winter,
but the tropical influence is undoubtedly maintained by both the
427
mini-gyres of the Mozambique Current and by warming of sha l·
low waters in Maputo Bay on the west coast of the island
(Macnae & Kalk 1962).
It is important to note that the absence of crustose co rallin e
algae (Rhodophyceae) from th is li st. is due to lack of collecting
(Dr Y.M. Chamberlain, pers. COI11I11.). This component of the
algal flora of Inhaca Island requires further attention. Likewise,
subt idal collections could be expected to yie ld a number o f new
records (see Anderson & Stegenga 1989). Indeed, additions to
the flora are like ly to be most nu merous in the Divi sion Rhodo·
phyla, thereby increasing the value of the Cheney (1977) noristic
index, and further emphasising the tropical nature of the algal
assemblage.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge fin anci al assistan ce from
the Foundati on for Research Development a nd th e Univers ity of
the Witwatersrand research fund. We are appreciative of the can·
structive criticisms of Professors P.c. Silva and M.l Wynne on
an earlier draft of th is artic le. R.N . Pienaar and S. Sym are
thanked for access to co llected material. We are most grateful to
the referees for thei r constru ctive cr itic ism of this manu script and
for bringing to our attention th e occurrence of LeplophylulJI ferox
on Inhaca Island. NOTE; Regrettably Margaret Kalk passed
away in August 1996; she is missed but leaves behind a tremen·
dous contribution to aquatic biology in the form of her
publications.
References
AINGWORTH. J. 1996. An investigation ofthr.: clTect of harvesting on
the biomass and ilgar yieid Irom Gchdilillt ahbofliol'ulI1 from Reunion
Rocks, KwaZulu·Natal. South Ati·ica. MSc Thesis. University of the
Witwatersrand, SOlllh Africa.
ANDERSON, RJ . & STEG ENGA. H. 1989. S" htidal algal communi-
ties at Bird Ish:md. Eastem Cape. South Africa. 801. Mal'. 32: 299-
3 11.
BAUER, H.A. 1933 . A world map oft icles. Geogr. Rev. 23: 259.
BOLTON , 1.1. 1986. Marine phytogeography of the Benguela up \vclJ·
ing reg ion and the west coast of southern Africa: a tempera·
ture-dependent approach. Bal. Mal'. 29: 251 - 256.
BOLTON, J.J. & STEGENGA . H. 1987. The marine algae ofHluleka
(Transkei) and the warm tt!mpcratt!/stlbtropi cal transition on the east
coast of southern Africa. Helgo. Meeres. 41: 165- 183.
BOLTON, JJ. & STEGENGA. H. 1990. The seaweeds of Dc Hoop
nature reserve and their phytogeographical significance. S. Afr. J Bo/.
56: 23 3-238.
BOLTON . .I.J .• STEGENGA. H. & ANDERSON, RJ. 1991. The sea-
weeds of False Bay. TI'{IIIS Roy. Soc. S. A/r. 47 : 605-610.
BROWN, A.C. & JARMAN. N. 1978. Coastal marine habitats. Monogr.
bi%gio 3 1: 1239-1277.
CHAMBERLAI N. Y.M . 1958. DaJ:,'c/adus ramosus, a new species from
Inhaca Island and Peninsula. Portuguese East Africa. J S. Afr. BOI.
24: 119- 121.
CHAM BERLAIN, Y.M. & KEATS. D.W. 1994. lllfee melobesioid
crustose coralline red algae from South Africa: Leptophyrulll acerva·
tllm (Fosl ic) comb. Nov .. L. joveatllJlI sp. nov. and L.lero.'!: (Foslie)
comb. nov. Phyc%gia 33: 111 - 133.
CHENEY, D.P. 1977. R & e /P ~ D new and improved ratio for compar·
ing seaweed Horas. J Phycol. IJ (supp l. ): 12.
CR ITCHLEY, A.T., fARRELL. E.G., AKEN. M.E. & PIENAAR, R.N .
1994. A multivariate approilch 10 the phycogeograph ica l aspects of
the seaweed nora of Inllaca Ishmd. Mo:wmbique. BOl. Mar. 37: 261 -
266. Proc. Vth Int. Seaweed Biogeog. Workshop.
DAY, J.H. 1974. Ecology of Morrumbene Estuary. Mozambique. TrailS.
Roya/ Soc. S. Aji-. 41: 43- 97.
DE FREITAS. A.1. 1984. Penaoidea of soulh eastern Africa. I. Study
area and key to the south·eastem species. fnvesl. Rep. Oceanogr. Res
428
Inst. Durban 56: 1-31.
PARRELL, E., CR ITCHL EY, A.T. & AKEN. M.E. 1993. The intertidal
SCOlwccd flora of ls ipin go Beach. Natal. South Africa and its phycoge-
ugraph ic a llinilics. Helgo/ander Meeresuntersuchungen 47: 145- 160.
FARRELL. E.G .. CR ITCHLEY. A.T.. AKEN. M.E & PIENAAR. R.N.
1994 . Tilt! biogeographical atlinities of the seaweed nora of Natal,
South Africa as typified by ls ipin go Beach: a mu ltivariate approach.
Bor. mar. 37: 277-2}!5. Yilt International Seaweed Biogeography
Workshop, University of Cape Town, South Atrica. July 1993.
GILLESPIE, R.D .. AINGWORT H. J. & CRITCHLEY, A.T. 1997 . The
seaweed resources of KwaZulu-Natal, South Atrica: The Cl lITl!nt stale
o/'our knowll.!dge. In: Current Trends in Marine Botanical Research in
the E,lst African Region , cds. M. Bjork, A. K. Semesi. M. Pedersen
and B. Bergman. pp. 186- 193. SlDA, Sweden.
HUISMAN . .I .M. & BOROWITSKA. M.A. 1990. A revis ionnfthc Ans-
trnlian species of Ga/a:wura (Rhodophyta, Galaxauraceae). with a
description of Tricleocarpa gen. nov. Ph.vc%gia 29: 150-172.
ISAAC. W.E. 1937. Soulh African coasla l wate rs in relat ion 10 ocean
currents. Gt!ogr. Rev. 27: 65 1--664.
ISAAC. W.E . 1938. The geograph ical distribUlion of seaweed vegeta-
tion in relation 10 temperatu re and otller fa cets. with special reference
to South Afri ca. Comptes Rendues du Congl'es International de Geog-
raphie, Amsterdam. Vol. 2. sect. 7: 12-28 .
ISAAC, W.E . 1956. Marine algae of Inhaca Island and of the Inhaca
Peninsula . I. J. S. Afr. Bot. 22: 161 - 193.
ISAAC, W .E. 1957. Some marine algae from Xai Xai. J. S. Afr. BDl. 23:
75- 102 .
ISAAC. W.E. 1958. Ecology of algae. In : A Natural History of Inh aea
Is land. Mozambique. eds, W. Maenae, and M. Kalk, pp. 18- 22 . Uni-
versity of the Wit\vatcrsrand. Press, Johannesburg. Sou tb Africa.
ISAAC, W .E. 1959. Comments on the seaweed 110ra and vegetat ion of
Inhaea. S. A fro J. Sci. 55: 181 - 183.
ISAAC, W.E. & CHAMBERLA IN, Y.M. 1958. Marine algae <If Inh.ca
Island and of the Inhaca Peninsula. II. J. S. Afr. BOI. 24: 123- 158.
JAASUND. E. 1976. Intertidal Seaweeds in Tanzania. pp. 160. Pub-
li shed by E. Jaasund, University of Tromso, Norway.
JAC KELMAN. J.J .. STEGENGA, H.S. & BO LTON. J.J . 1991. The
marine benthic nora of Cape Hangklip area and its phytogeogmph ic
aftin it ies. S, Afr. J. Bot. 57: 295-304.
KALK. M . 1954. Marine biological research atlnhaca Island, Mozam-
bique: An interim report. S Afr. J Sci. 5 1: 107-11 5.
KALK. M. 1959. A general ecological survey of some shores in northern
Mozambique. Revue Biologie Lisbon 2: 1-23.
KALK . M . 1995. A natural history oflnhaca Island . Witwatersrand Uni-
versity Press.
KAPRAUN, D.F . 1980. Flori stic affinities of North Carolina inshore
benthic marine algae. Phycologia 19: 245- 252 .
KIN G. R.1 . & PllTTOCK. C.F. 1989. Morphology and taxonomy of
Bostrychia and Sficlosiphorlia (RhodomeJaceae/Rhodophytu). Auslr.
S:VSI. BOI. 2: 1- 73.
KYUN, H. 1938. VerzeiciUl is ei niger Rhodophycecn von SUdafrika.
l.lmds Univ. Arsskr. (Awl. 2) 34: 1- 26.
LAM BERT. G.. STEINKE. T.D. & NAI DOO, Y. 1987. Algae associ-
ated wi th mangroves in southern African estuaries. I. Rhodophyceae.
S. Afr. J. 801. 53: 349-36 1.
LAWSON, G.W. & JOHN , D.M. 1982. The Marine Algae and Coasta l
Environment of Tropical West Africa. Kramer, Vaduz. 455p.
LEVRTNG. T . 1938. Verzeichnis einiger Chlorophyceen und Phaeophy-
cecn von Sudafrika. LlInd.l· Ulliv. Arsskr. NF. (Adv. 2) 34: 1-2 5.
MACNAE, W . 1902. The fauna and flora of the eastern coasts of south-
ern Africa in relati on to ocean currents. S. Afr. J. Sci. 58: 208-2 12.
MACNAE. W. & KALK, M. 1958. A Natural History of Inhaca Island.
Mozambique. pp. 163. University of the Witwatersrand Press. Johan-
nesburg. Soutb Africa.
MA CNAE, W . & KALK, M. 1962 . The fauna and flora of the sand Oats
at Inhaca Island. Moumhique.J. An. Ecol. 31: 93- 128.
MATHIESON. A.c' & PENNIMAN, c'A . 1986. A phytogeographic
interpretation of the marine Ilora from the Isles ofShoais, U.S.A. Bot.
Mar. 29: 413-434.
S. Afr. J. Bot. 1997. 63(6)
NORRIS, R.E. 1986. Stuuies (111 ('I"ol/(/Ilia fransciscii (Ccrami act!ae.
Rhodophyta) from Sout h Africa and C. lVillue sp. Nov. Irom New
Zealand. Phyc%gia 25: 133- 14:\.
NO RRI S, R.E. 1987a. Species o f AlltillitllllllfOil (R hodophyce:u:. Cera-
m iaeeae) occurring on the sout heast Afri\:an \:oast (Natal). J f'hyco!.
23: 18-36.
NORRIS. R.E. I YX7h. P/l'I"odadw (Gdi d lilceae. Rhodophyceae) a
genus previously unknown III South A /rica. as it occurs in Natal. S
Afr. J Bot. 53: 3Y-43.
NORRIS. R.E. 1987c. The systematic position of Gt!lul/opsis and ('cm-
lodic/yon (G igartinales, Rhodophye ~;le). genera new 10 South Africa.
S. Afr. J Bot. 53: 239-246.
NORRIS, R.E. & AKEN. M.E. 1985. Marille benthic algac ncw to Suuth
AtTica. S. Afr. 1. Bal. 5 1: 55--65.
NORRIS. R. E., HOMMERSAND. M.II. & FREDERICQ, S. 1987.
Gelidillln pteridijo!ium (Rhudophyccae), a lIew species from Natal
and the t!ustem Cape. S Aj;' J Bo/. 53: 375-3RO.
PAPENFUSS. G. F. 1947. Ncw Illarillt' alga\! from SOllth A fr ica: I. L'l lir.
Calif Publ. 801.23: 1- 16.
PAPENFUSS. G.F .. MS HI GEN I. K.E. & CHIANG. V.-M. 1982. Re,i -
sian o f the red alg<l l gt!lI us G%.murt/ wjth special rctcrcn\:c ( 0 the
species occurring ill the Weskrn Indi.1Il Oc\!an. BOI. Mar. 25: 401-
444.
POCOCK. M.A. 195K. Preliminary list or marinc alga\! colkcted at
inhaca and on the neighbouring main land . In: A Natural History of
rnhaca Island Mozambiqut!. eds. W. Mal.'nae & M. Kalk. pp 23-27.
University of the W itwatersrand Prcss. Jllhannesburg. South Africa.
POST, E. 1957. Weitert! Datcn :Lur Verbrcitllng des Bos trych idum . VI.
Archive Protislenk 102: 84-112.
SAENGER, P. 1971. On the occurrence or Ophic/oc/adlls (Rhll-
s.
dome1aeeae) in sOllthem Africll . .1. :I/i·. /Jot . 34: 29 1-304.
SAENGER. P. 1973. Additions and cotllnwnts on the Rhlldoillclacc<lc of
Iuhaca Island. Mozambique . /I.'O V(I f/e(/ll'Igi(l2-l: 19-37.
SEAGRIEF, S,c. 1980. Seaweeds of Maputa [ ~ l\d. In: Studi(:s Oil tht!
Ecology of Maputaland. cds. M.N. Bru ton and K.H. Cooper. pp 1841.
Rhodes Un iversi ty and the Nata l Branch til' the Wild liti: Society o f
southern Africa.
SEAG RlEF, S.C. 1984. A cata logue ofSolllh A lr ican green. brown and
red marine algae. Mem. 80t. Surv. S. ,!rl'. 47 : \-72.
SEAG RI EF. S.c. 1988. Marine alg..e. In: A field Gu ide to the Eastcn)
Cape, eds. R.A. Lubke, F. W. Gess and M. N. Bruton, pp . 35-72. Gra-
hamstown Centre of the Wildlife Society ofs()uthall Africa.
S ILVA, P.c. 1959. Tht! genus Codium (Chlorophyta) in South Africa. J
S. Aji-ican Botany 25: 103- 165.
SILVA, P.c' 1959. MENEZ. E.G. & MOE. R.L. 1987. Catalog of the
benthic marine algae o f the Philippines. SlIIithsonian CUlllrlb ,\far.
Sci. 27: 1- 179.
SILVA, P.c., BASSON. P.W. & MOE . R.L. 1996. Catalogue of tht!
Benthic Marine Algat! of the indi,lIl Ocean. Uni\'~rsily of Califomia
Publi cations in ilotany. 1259p.
SILVA, S. M.F. 1991a. CY'lllophyceal.! t1ss(lciatcd with mangrove trees at
Inhaca Island. Mozamb ique. Hothalw 21: 143- [ 50.
SILVA. S.M. f . 199 1b. Flora de cianoliceas marinhas bentonit:as de IIlta
da Inhaca. Iiloral sui de Mo~ambiqlle. I. /ioe/mea 18: 107- 125.
S ILVA , S.M.F. 1991c. Cimwficeas marinas bentonicas da II ha dns POI"-
ll1gueses, Mo~ambiq tle . Hochnt!a 18: 99- 113.
S ILVA. S.M.F. & CUAM BA. N.J .B. 1991. COllt r ibui~ao .\(1 conheci-
mento das cianoficeas Ii lull1entos:ls do plalH:ton marinho da Hha da
In.haca. Mo ~am biql1e. Hoc/mca 18: 127-1 42.
SIMONS. R.H. 1966. The gcnus CC/"(JlI1iUIII in South Afrit:a. !Jotha/ia I):
\5 3-168.
SIMONS , R.H. 1976. Scawceds of southern 1\ thca. GuiJcJines I{)r their
study and identifi cation. Fish. Bull. S. ~~rl'. 7: 1- 113
STEPHENSON . T.A. 194 8. Th e constitut ion of the intcrt idal fauna (lnd
flora of Sou tit Afr ica. Part II. Ann Natal Allis. 10: 26 1- 358.
STEPHENSON, T.A. & Stephenson. A. 1972. Life Between Tide Marks
on Rocky Shores. pp . 420. Freeman.
TAYLOR, W.R. 1967. Spec ies of Cau/e'1Ja (Ch lorophyceae) collected
on the Intemationall ndian Ocean Expedi tion. Blumea 15: 45-53.
S. Mr. J. Bot. 1997.63(6) 429

WYNNE. M..f. & G,T. KRAFT. 1981. Classi li calion Summary. In: The
l3iology of Seaweeds. C.S. Lobban and MJ. WYOJle. BOl, Monogr.
17: 743- 750. Blnckwd l Scientilic Publ ications.
Vl.ACHOS. V.. CRI TC HLEY. A.T. & VON HOLY. A. 1996. Es tab-
hshmcnt of <l proto!';ol I<)f testing antimicrobial activity in southern
African macroalgac. Mlcrobios 88: 115- 123.
WOLLASTON , E.M . 1984. Species of Ceramiaceae (Rhodophyta)
recorded from the Inlt.:rnalional lndian Ocean Exped iti on, 1962 . Phyc-
alogia 23: 28 1- 299.

Appendix 1 Revised list of seaweeds from Inhaca Island. Mozambique

DIVISION CHLOROPHYTA
Chl orophyceae

Ulvales MOlloslromataceae

Monostroma Thurel sp .

lJl vaccae

Enteromorpha compressa (L.) Nees

E. cf. prolifera (O.F.MueJler) J. Agardh

£. muscoides (Clemente y Rubio) Cremades (syn.*E. ramu/usa (lE. Smith) Carmichae l in
W.Hooker
Gayra/ia oxysperma (Kuetzing) Vingradova ex Sc..1.gel el a/. (syn... U/mria o:tysperma (Kuelzing)
Gliding)
U/va uncinalis (Kuelzing) Montagne (5yn .* u.capensis An:schoug)
U. ngida C. Agardh
Cladophoraies Anadyomenaceae
Anadyomene wrighlii Harvey ex J.Gray

Microdiclyon kraussii J.Gray

Cladophornceae
Chaelomorpha anlennina (Bory de Saint- Vincent) Kuetzing

C. crassa (c. Agardh) Kuelzing

C. cf.linum (O.F.Mueller) Kuelzing

Cladophoraprolije ra (Roth) KuelZing

Siphonocladaceae
Boodlea composita (Harvey) Brand

Bood/eopsis pus illa (Collins) W.R.Taylor. Joly & Bcmatowicz

Struvea anastomosans (Harvey) Piccone ct Grunow ex Piccone

Va/oniops is pachynema (G. Martens) Boergesen

Bryopsidalcs Bryopsidaceae
Bryopsis Lamouroux sp.

Caulerpaceae
Cau/erpa ambigua Okamura

C. antoensis Yamada
C. cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh
var. lycopodium (1. Agardh) Weber-van Bosse fo rma amicorum (Harvey) Weber-van Bosse

C. elongara Weber- van Bosse

c.jergusonii G. Murray

C.filijormis (Suhr) Hering

C. lanuginosa J. Agardh

C. /enrillijera 1. Agardh
C. mexicana Sander ex Kuelzing
430 s. Afr. 1. Bot. 1997, 63(6)

Appendix 1 Continued
C pellOIO Lumouroux

C. racemosa (Forsska l) J. Agardh

var. clal'ifora (Turner) Webt!r-van Bosse
var. laell virens (Montagne) Weber-van Bosse
v<lr. l1U1crophysa (Sonder ex Kuclzing) W.R.Taylor
vnr. racemosa
vur. turbinara (J . Agardh) Eubank
C'. scalpellIjol"/llIs (R.Brown ex Turner) C. Aganlh
var. denticulata (Decaisne) Weber-van Bosse
var. inlel'meJia Weber-van Bosse
var. scalp(!/liformis Papenfuss & Egerod
C'. se/ago (Turner) C. Agardh
C serrlliata (I\II~skal) J. Agardh
(' ,\ wtulariodf!S (S. Gmc lin) Howe

(' urviJIeana Montagne

C lVebhiulI(I Montagne
var. pickeringii (Harvey & Bai ley) Eubank

C. ::eyheri Kuelzing
Codiaceae

Codium aCUlIIinalUm a.Schmidt

C. capilotum P.Siiva
C. cicatrix r.silva
C duthieae P.Si iva
C. luc(/sii SClcbcll subsp. capense P.Silva

C. megalophysum P.Silva
C. mozembiquense P.Silva
C. platylobium Arcschoug
C. pocockiae P.Silva
C. prostratum Levring
C. sponglOsum Harvey

Halimediaceae
Halimeda cuneara Hering

llseudocodiaceae
Pseudocodium de-vries;i Weber-van Bosse

Udoteaceae

Avrainvillea Decaisne sp.

Chlorodesmis hildebrandtii A. Gepp & E. Gepp

Rhipidosiphonjavensis Montagne (syn.* Udoteajavensis (Muntagne ) A. G\!PP & E. Gcpp)

Udotea orientalis A. Gepp & E. Gepp

Dasycladalcs Oa.<;ycladaceae

Dascyladus ramosus Y. Chamberlain

Neollleris dum etosa Lamouroux

N. val1-bossf:!att Howe

P~)lyphysaceae

A cetabularia calyculus Lamouroux

A . major G. Mertens (syn.* A.moebii Sohns-Laubach)

 S. Mr. J. Bot. 1997. 63(6) 431

Appendix 1 Continued
DIV ISION PHAEOPHYTA
Ectocarpales Ectocarpaccae

Feldmamria irreguJal'is (Kuetzing) G. Hamel

Ralfsiaceac

Ralfsia expnnsa (J . Agardh) J. Agard h

Sphace!arialcs SphaceJar iaccae

Splmcelal'ia Lyn gbyc sp.

Dictyulales Dict),Olaccac

Die/yopler;s dehcatula Lunouroux

D. longifoli(l Papenfuss (unpubl.)

D. serra/{/ (Arcschoug) Hoyt

Dietyora cervicornis Kuetzing (syn ... D. pardolis Kuetzing )

D. dichotom(l (Hudson ) Lamouroux

I.obophora vOl'iegala (Lamouroux) Womersley ex Oliveira

Padina boryal/a Thivy
Srypopodium zonate (Lamouroux) Papenfuss
Zonaria subarticulato (Lamouroux) Papenfuss
Z. /Ournejol'tii (Lamouroux) Montagne
SCYlosiphnnal cs Clmoosporaceae

Chno()sporn minima (Heri ng) Papenfuss

Scylosiphonaceae

Colpomenio sil/llOso (Merten s ex Roth) Derbes & So li ~r

Hydroclathrus clathratlls (c. Agardh) Howe

f-'ucaJes Cyloseiraceae

Cystoseira myrica (S . Gmeli n) C. Agardh

C. Irinadis (Forsskal) C. Agar&
Hormophysa cunei/armis (lGmelin) P.Silva

Sargassaccae
SargassulIl crassi/olium.1 . Agardh
S. II1clsi/olium (Turner) C. Agardh (syn.·s. hetel'opilyl/uIII (Turnt:r) C. A gardh)
S. myriocystllm l Agardh
Turbinoria ornato (Turner) C. Agardb
DIV ISION RHODOPHYTA
CLASS RHODOPHYCEAE
SUBCLASS BANGIOPHYC IDAE
l3angiales Bangiaceae
Bangia Lyngbye sp.

Porphyri diales Porphyridi aceae

Slyfonema alsidii (Zanard in i) Drew

SU[)CLASS FLORlDEOPHYCIDAE
Acrnchaetialcs Acrocnaet iace ae

Ac:rachaetium Naegel i (syn. *Audouinella Bocy de Saini Vin cent) sp.

NC lllaliales Galaxauracene

I<>t""" _,
432 S. Afr. l. Bot. 1997, 63(6)

Appendix 1 Continued
ACl illolrichia ji-agifis (Forsskal) Boergesen

Galm(lura diesingulI1a Zanard ini

G. fJ/(/rginata (E ll is & Solander) Lamouroux

G obtusata (Ell is & Solander) Lamouroux

G. rugosa (Ellis & Solander) Lamouroux
Liagoracl!ae
Liagora ceralloides Lamouro ux
L valida Hmvey (SYll.* Lfragilis Zanardini)

GelidiaJes Gd idiuceae
Gelidium pusilfum (Sta ckhouse ) Le Jolls

G. replans (Suhr) Kyl in

Pterocladia cae.\pitosa (Ky lin) R. Norris

Gel idie llaceae

Gelidiella aceroso (Forss kal) lreldm an & G.Hamd

Graci Inriates Graci!a riac ea~

Graci/aria arCllata Zanardini

C. canaliculata Sonder (syn .• C. crassa Harvey ex 1. Agardh)

G. miliardelii (Montagne) J. Agardh

G. protea J. Agardh

C. saficornia (c. Agardh ) Dawson

Cryptoncmiaics HaiYlllen iaceae

Carpopeltis maillardii (Montagne & Millardel) Chiang

CraleloupiajiJicina (Lrunouroux) C. Agardh

Coral lin all!s Coral Iinaceae

Amphiroa beauvoisii Lamouroux

A.jragifissima (Linnaeus) Lamormlx

A . rigida Lamouroux

Arthrocardia COrlnala (Kuetzing) Johansen

A.flabelhlla (Kuetzing) Manza

CheilospoMiIIl cullratum (Harvey) Areschoug

C. sagiltallim (Lamouroux) Areschoug

Choreonema Ihuretii (Bomet) Scmnitz

Haliplilon cubense (Montagne ex Kuelzing) Garbary & Johansen

H. roseulII (Lamarck) Garbary & Johansen (syn.*Corallina cavier; Lamouroux)

H. subliialum (E ll is & Solander) Johansen

Jania inlermedia (Kuetzing) P.Silva

Leplophyrumjerox (Fostie) Chamberlain & Keats

Titanoderma cora/linae (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) Woelkerling. C ham b~r1aitl & P.Si lva (S)' I1 . * Dermo-
talilhon corai/inae (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) Foslie in Boergesen)

Gigart inales Call iacanthaceae

COlenelJa coespilosa (Withering) L. Irvine

C. nipae Zanardini
C. subumhelJata Tseng
S. Afr. J. Bot. 1997.63(6) 433

Appendix 1 Continued
Gigartinaceae
Gigarfina Stackhouse sp.

II) pnt;:'H.:~ac

H.l'PfiCO camilla (Ku.:tzing) 1. Agardh

H IIIllsciformis (Wu lren) Lamouroux

Ii. mdifica 1. Agardll
11. rose(J Papenfus$
H. spid/era (Suhr) Harvey

H. temtis KyJin
H. virIdis Papenfuss
M yci1( ldcaccac

Ml'choc/ea J.llooker & Harvey sp.

Phact::lucarpaccae
Plmcelocarpus cf. camp/anatus Harvey
p, Iris/iehus J. Agardh

Plocam ialcs PIOC3miaccae

Plocamium becken SchmilZ ex Simons

P. coralforhiza (Turner) Harvey

P. glomera/um J. Agardh

1'. ma:tiJlosum (Poirel) Lamouroux

P. slIhrii Kuetzing
P. te/filiriae (W.Hookcr & Harvey) Harvey ex Kuetzing

Rhodymt!nialcs Champi aceac

Champia compressa Harvey

Ch.l'locladia Greville sp.

Rhodymen iaccac

Botlyoc/adia madagascariensis G.Feldmann

Geliciiopsis ....ariabilis (J. Agardh) Schmitz (syn. *CeralOdic(wm vlIriabile (Greville ex J. Agardh)
R.Norris)
Rhodymenia nafalensis Kylin

Cerami ales Ccram iaceac

Anolrichium secundum (Harvey ex J.Agar&) Funari (syn.*CrijJithsill s(fcuncia J. Agardh)

Anfithamnion Iherminieri (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) Barnet ex Nasr (syn. *A antilkmum Boergescn)

Callirhanmion Lyngbye sp.

CenJroceras c/avulatum (c. Agardh) Montagne

Ceramium diaphanum (Lightfoot) Roth

C. planum Kuetzing
('rouonia aUel/liOla (c. Agardh) 1. Agardh

Gordonielfa YOllakllniensis (Yamada & T.Tanaka) Itono (syn .'Spf.'rmothaml1lon yonakuniensis

Yamada et Tanaka)

Griffithsia conjervoldes Suhr

G. secunda 1. Agardh
? Mazoyerella Gordon Mills & Womersley sp.
434 S. Afr. 1. Bot. 1997,63(6)

Appendix 1 Continued
Pieofluspo/,mm caribaeum (Boergesen) R.Norris (syn. *Mesrl(I/(l/IlIJlOf/ carihbacm Bocrgesc::n)

P. '? harveyallum (J . Agardh) De Toni

PII/otlUlI1l11ion polysporum Go rd on~Mills & Womcrsll~)

Spyridia cupressilla Kuetzing

S ji/amentosa (Wlilfen) Harvey

S. hypnoides ((-3ory tie Saint Vincent) Papenfuss

Tiffrmlella cymodoceae (Baergesen) Gordon

Dasyaceae
Das)'a scoparia Harvey

D. hailiuuviana {S.Gmelin } Monlagne

Neterosiphonia capensls Falkenberg

Delt:ssel'iaccae

Acrosorium macu/arum (Sonder ex Kuelzing) Papenfuss

Caiog/oss{J leprieurii (Montagne) a .Martens

Martensia elegans Hering

Platysiphonia delicata (Clemente y Ruhio) Cremndes {syn. *P/a~rslphoflia lIIilliata (C A gartlh)

Baergesen)

Taenioma nanum (Kuetzing) Papenfuss

Rhodomdaceae

Acanthophoro splcijera (vah l) Baergesen

Amansia rhodantha (Harvey) J. Agardh (syn.* A.g/omcrtl/{/ J. Agartlh )

BosJrychia moritziana (Sander ex KuelZing) J. Agardh

B. radicans (Montagne) Montagne

B. leI/ella (Lamoroux) 1. Agardh

Bryocladia densa Saenger

Chondria annalO (Kuetzing) Okam ura

Digenia simple..'( (Wulfen) C. Agardh

Digeneopsis subopaca Simons

Herposiphonia secunda (C . Agardh) Ambronn

H. secunda (c. Agardh) Ambronn r. renelia (c. Agardh) Wynllc

Kuetzillgia natalensis J. Agardh

Laurencia coilimellaris Boergesen

L. camplanalO (Suhr) Kuclling

L. flexuosa Kuetzing
L. nalOfensis Kylin

L. oblllsa (Hudson) Lamauroux

L. pumi/a (Grunow) PapenFuss
L. tenera Tseng
LeveiJleajungermannioides (Martens & G. Hering) Hmwy

Murrayelia peric/ados (c. Agardh) Schmitz

Neurymeniajraxinifolia (Mertens ex Turner) J. Agardh

Ophidocfadus simpliciusculus (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) F;Jlkcnbcrg

Osmulldariaflmhriata (Lamouroux) R.Narris (syn . * l'idalia jimbriata ( Lamollmux) 1. Agardh)

S. Me. 1. Bot. I ~97. 63((,) 435

Appendix 1 Continued
P/acophora binderi (1. Agardh) J. Agardh

r()~l'siphonia cae:'pifoS(I (Pocock) Holl enberg (syn. *FalkenhergieJ/a caesplfosa Pocock)

P.illcompl(l ll llrvey

P sllbti/lssima Montagne
p()~l,=olJi(l e1egalls SlIhr
Pferosiplionia stangeri (J . Agardh) Falkenberg

Rhodomelopsis ajrican£l Pocock

StiCfosipilonia longolellsis (Post) King & Pultock

Streblocladia eDlymhi/era (c. Agardh) Kylin