NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Hydraulic Engineering
Assignment- Week 7
Number of questions: 12 Total mark: 12 X 1 = 12

QUESTION 1:
If the value of rate of change of specific energy is 7.03×10-4 m and Sf = 0.00013, calculate the
value of bed slope.

a. 1 in 1000 b. 1 in 1100 c. 1 in 1200 d. 1 in 1300

Correct Answer: c. 1 in 1200

Detailed Solution: dE ⁄dx = S0 – Sf; S0 = 1 in 1200.

QUESTION 2:

In a hydraulic jump occurring in a horizontal rectangular channel the sequent depths are 0.45 m
and 1.8 m. The energy loss in the jump is----------------- m

a. 0.7 b. 0.72 c. 0.76 d. 0.416

Correct Answer: c. 0.76
(𝑦2 −𝑦1 )3 (1.8−0.55)3
Detailed Solution: 𝐸𝐿 = = = 0.759m
4𝑦1 𝑦2 4×1.8×0.45

QUESTION 3:
Fluid speed before the hydraulic jump is ________
a. Critical b. Supercritical c. Subcritical d. Dynamic
Correct Answer: b

Detailed Solution: Fluid speed before the hydraulic jump is supercritical. It is said to be supercritical
because it is faster than the wave speed. It is also called as shooting speed
 QUESTION 4:
The sequent depth ratio of a hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel is 20. The Froude number
at the beginning of the jump is---------------

a. 12.5 b.13.5 c. 14.5 d. 15

Correct Answer: c. 14.5
𝑦 1 1
Detailed Solution: 𝑦2 = 2 (√1 + 8𝐹12 − 1) ⇒ 20 = 2 (√1 + 8𝐹12 − 1) ⇒ 𝐹1 = 14.49
1

QUESTION 5:

When the hydraulic jump is in a moving form it is called _________

a. Negative surge b. Positive surge c. Turbulent surge d. Accelerated surge

Correct Answer: b
Detailed Solution: When the hydraulic jump is dynamic or in a moving form it is called as
positive surge. Hydraulic jump can be stationery or dynamic. Hydraulic jump can be described
using the same analytical approaches.

QUESTION 6:
Which of the following assumptions about a GVF is false
a. Channel is prismatic b. Pressure distribution is hydrostatic
c. Flow characteristics change with time d. Roughness co efficient is constant

Correct Answer: c
Detailed Solution: Assumptions of GVF
 The channel is prismatic.
 The flow in the channel is steady and non-uniform.
 The channel bed- slope is small.
 The pressure distribution at any section is hydrostatic.
 The resistance to flow at any depth is given by the corresponding uniform flow
equation.

QUESTION 7:
What is the discharge though a rectangular channel with dimension of 2m x 4m. the value of C =
50 and if the slope of the energy line is 0.00004.
a. 1.53 m3/s b. 2.53 m3/s c. 3.53 m3/s d. 4.53 m3/s

Correct Answer: b
 Detailed Solution: 𝑸 = 𝑨𝑪√𝑹𝑺𝒇 𝑨 = 𝑩𝒚 = 𝟖 𝒎𝟐 𝑷 = 𝑩 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟖𝒎 𝑸=
𝟖 × 𝟓𝟎√𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟒 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟑 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

QUESTION 8:
Specific energy of flowing water through a rectangular channel of width 5 m when discharge is 10
m3/s and depth of water is 2m is
a. 1.06m b. 1.02 m c. 2.05 m d. 2.60 m
Correct Answer: c
𝑣2
Detailed Solution: The specific energy given as 𝐸 = 𝑦 + 2𝑔1
12
Q =AV, V= 1m/s 𝐸 = 2 + 2×9.81 = 2.05 𝑚

QUESTION 9:
A long prismatic channel ends in an abrupt drop in bed. Which one of the following statements
explains the water surface profile on the upstream of the drop for an initially sub critical flow?

a. Water surface profile lies completely below the critical depth line
b. Water surface profile lies between critical and normal depth line
c. Water surface profile lies between critical depth lines and joins the normal depth line
asymptotically.
d. Water surface profile lies completely above the normal depth line.
Correct Answer: c
Detailed Solution:

It is given that the upstream condition is subcritical, so

there will be a mild channel at the upstream.
We know for mild channel CDL is less than NDL
Mild slope

So, the flow profile due to the introduction of the sudden

drop is M2 as shown above. M2 profile lies between NDL and CDL and joining the normal depth at
the downstream end asymptotically as which is also visible from the diagram.
QUESTION 10:
Hydraulic jump is a type of -------------- varied flow.
a. Gradually b. Rapidly c. Spatially d. All of these
Correct Answer: b. Rapidly

Detailed Solution: Hydraulic jump is an example of rapidly varied flow where the flow depth varies
over a short distance.

QUESTION 11:
Hydraulically the economical section of drains for large flow is:
a. V-shaped b. Rectangular
c. Oval shaped d. Circular

Correct Answer: d.
Detailed Solution: A section is said to be economical when its construction cost is minimum for a
given discharge.
 V-shaped section is used basically for low discharge, generally present is valley
 Rectangular section used for medium discharge
 Oval shaped section is used in combine sewer
 Circular section is suitable and economical for large flow.

QUESTION 12:
The flow in a rectangular channel is subcritical. If the width of the channel is reduced at a certain section,
the water surface under no-choke condition will

a. Drop at downstream section

b. Rise at a downstream section
c. Rise at an upstream section
d. No undergo any change
Correct Answer: a.

Detailed Solution: when the width of the channel is reduced the term q (Discharge per unit width)
increases. The no choke condition means critical depth of flow is not reached.
Case 1: width of channel is B

Case 2: width of the channel is B1 (B1 ≤ B)

The specific energy curve corresponding to the width B1 is drawn

When we consider subcritical portion the graph

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