NPTEL Online Certification Courses Indian

Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Hydraulic Engineering
Assignment- Week 2

Number of questions: 12 Total mark: 12 X 1 = 12

QUESTION 1:
Find the pressure represented by a column of 2 cm of mercury?

a. 2663 N/m2
b. 2563 N/m2
c. 2467 N/m2
d. 2459 N/m2

Correct Answer: a. 2663 N/m2

Detailed Solution: For mercury column: 𝛾 = 13.6 𝑋 𝜌𝑔

= 13.6 x 998 x 9.81 =133149.168 N/m3
2
Using pressure Equation, P =𝛾H = 133149.168 x100 =2662.98 N/m2

QUESTION 2:
Find the pressure at a depth of 15 m below the free surface of water in a reservoir.

a. 153.15 kN/m2
b. 137.15 kN/m2
c. 157.15 kN/m2
d. 147.15 kN/m2

Correct Answer: d. 147.15 kN/m2

Detailed Solution: Depth of water, h = 15 m, Specific weight of water, 𝛾 = 9.81 kN/m3

Using pressure Equation, P =𝛾H

P = 9.81 x15 =147.15 KN/m2

QUESTION 3:
Inclined single column manometer is useful for the measurement of ......................pressures.
a. small
b. medium
c. high
d. negative
Correct Answer: a. Small

Detailed Solution: The inclined manometer is a scientific device, used to measure a very low
pressure of liquid & gases.

QUESTION 4:
Local acceleration in fluid-flow situation exists only when
a. the flow is unsteady
b. the flow is two-dimensional
c. the streamlines are straight and parallel
d. the streamlines are curved

Correct Answer: a. the flow is unsteady

Detailed Solution: The acceleration of fluid particles due to change in velocity in space is called
convective acceleration and acceleration due to change in velocity in time is called local or temporal
acceleration. Thus, local acceleration exist only when
𝜕𝑢
≠ 0, for unsteady flow
𝜕𝑡

QUESTION 5:
The equation of the streamline, passing through the origin, in a flow field
u= cosα, v = sinα for a constant α is determined as
3
a. y= x

b. y= xcot2α

c. y= x tanα

d. y= α sinx

Correct Answer: c. x tanα

Detailed Solution: streamline equation

 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚
=
𝒖 𝒗
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚
=
𝒄𝒐𝒔α sinα

Integrating both sides,

x sinα = y cosα + c
At x=0, y= 0 c=0
x sinα = y cosα
y= x tanα

QUESTION 6:
Calculate the pressure at a point 5 m below the free water surface in a liquid that has a variable
density given by relation
ρ = (350 + Ay) kg/m3
Where, A = 8 kg/m4 and y is the distance in meters measured from the free surface.
a. 16.14 kN/m2
b. 17.15 kN/m2
c. 18.15 kN/m2
d. 19.14 kN/m2
Correct Answer: c. 18.15 kN/m2
Detailed Solution: As per hydrostatic equation, dp = ρ.g.dy= g (350 + Ay)dy
Integrating both sides, we get:
5 5
∫0 𝑑𝑝 = ∫0 𝑔 (350 + 𝐴𝑦)𝑑𝑦
5
𝑦2
𝑝 = 𝑔 |350𝑦 + 8 𝑋 |
2 0

= 18148 N/m2 =18.15 kN/m2

 QUESTION 7:
A two dimensional flow field is represented by φ= 2xy – x. Determine the value of velocity V at
the point (2, 1).
a. 1
b. 5
c. 4
d. 4.12
Correct Answer: d. 4.12

Detailed Solution: φ= 2xy – x

𝜕φ
u= = 2y – 1
𝜕𝑥
𝜕φ
v = 𝜕𝑦 = 2x

At point (2, 1):

u = 2y – 1 = (2 X 1) – 1 = 1 unit
v = 2x = (2 X 2) = 4 units

Velocity V = √𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 =√12 + 42 = 4.12 units

QUESTION 8:
In steady flow of a compressible fluid through a pipe, the density, area and velocity at a particular
section are 1.5 kg/m3, 0.5 m2 and 3 m/s, respectively. At another section the density and area are
1.5 kg/m3 and 1 m2 respectively. What is the velocity at the section?

a. 1.5 m/s
b. 3.0 m/s
c. 4.5 m/s
d. 6.0 m/s

Correct Answer: a. 1.5 m/s

Detailed Solution: From Continuity equation
𝝆𝟏𝑨𝟏 𝑽𝟏 = 𝝆𝟏𝑨𝟐 𝑽𝟐
= 1.5x 0.5x 3= 1.5 x 1 x V2
 V2 = 1.5 m/sec

QUESTION 9:
In a steady flow
a. streamlines and pathlines are identical but are different from streaklines
b. streamlines and streaklines are identical but are different from pathlines
c. streakline and pathlines are identical but are different from streamlines
d. streamline, streakline and pathline are identical

Correct Answer: d. streamline, streakline and pathline are identical

Detailed Solution: Streamline, streakline and pathline are identical in a flow field when the flow is
steady.

QUESTION 10:
A streamline is a line
a. which is normal to the velocity vector at every point
b. which represents lines of constant velocity potential
c. which is normal to the lines of constant stream function
d. which is tangential to the velocity vector everywhere at a given instant

Correct Answer: d. which is tangential to the velocity vector everywhere at a given instant

Detailed Solution: Streamline is an imaginary line or series of imaginary lines in a flow field, such
that a tangent to this line at any point at any instant represents the direction of the instantaneous
velocity vector at that point. There is no flow across streamlines.
QUESTION 11:
Which of the following is limitation of manometers?
a. Fragile
b. Bulky and large in size
c. Capillary effect is created due to surface tension of manometric fluid
d. All of the above

Correct Answer: d. All of the above

QUESTION 12:
If velocity potential (φ) satisfies the Laplace equation, it represents the possible.................... flow.
a. unsteady, compressible, rotational
b. steady, compressible, irrotational
c. unsteady, incompressible, rotational
d. steady, incompressible, irrotational

Correct Answer: d. steady, incompressible, irrotational

Detailed Solution: If velocity potential (φ) satisfies the Laplace equation, it represents the steady,
incompressible, irrotational flow.

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