PART A: ELECTROSTATICS

EXERCISE 1
( )( )
1) (c) F=K =K
( )( )
F’ = K =K = x8x9=
( )
. .
2) (c) E=K ;Q= = 2 x 10-6 C
3) (b)
4) (a) Electric field at the centre = E = K .
–K .
= 9x109x .
= 4.5 x 106 N/C towards 5𝜇C
5) (d) K =K ; Q = 4q; q = ; For equilibrium, nature of charge will be opposite
( )
6) (d) Three coinitial equal vectors forming an angle of 1200 with each other are in equilibrium.
7) (a)
8) (c) Displacement is zero
( )( )
9) (b) F ∝ Q1Q2; F = ( )( )
x12 = -4 N (attractive)
10) (a) By Coulombs law of electrostatic force
11) (a) I = V/R = 120/15 = 8A
P = I2R = 64 x 6 = 384 W
12) (b) E = F/Q = 100 / 2 = 50 N/C
13) (d) All are equipotential points
14) (a) Energy = VQ = 1500 x 1.6 x 10-19 = 2400 x 10-19 J
15) (c)
16) (d)

17) (a) Energy = Ev; ½ mv2 = Ev; v =

.
18) (a) V = Ed = d ; Q = = = 1.5 x 10-18 C
.
. .
19) (b) F=K ; Q2 = = 3.0 x 10-19 C
.
20) (c) F=K = = 5.0 x 10-9 N

EXERCISE 2
1) By Coulombs law, Q ∝ d2; If the charge becomes half, then d should be changed to ½
( )( )
2) F = K =K
( )( )
F’ = K ( )
=K = x = (repulsive)
3) E = = .
= 5000 N/C
4) E = K
E’ = K =½K =½E
( )
5) –
( )( )
6) F = K =K = 9 x 109 N
7) =K

v2 = ;v= 𝑞

Time period = T = =
.
8) E = = = = 9800 N/C
 9) F = K
( )( )
F’ = K =K =K =F
( )

10) F ∝ 1/r2; r ∝ n2; F ∝ 1/n4; F3 = (2/3)4 F2; F3 = F

( . . )
11) F = K = = 9 x 107 N
12) The value will be zero as three coinitial equal vectors forming an angle of 120 0 with each other are in
equilibrium.

PART B: CURRENT ELECTRICITY

EXERCISE 1:
1) H ∝ I2; H = ( ) 𝑥200 = 800 J
2) H = VIt = 12 x 2 x 10 x 60 = 14400 J
3) Current through 10Ω = 𝑥3=2A
Current through 20Ω = 3-2 = 1A
4) By Ohms law, I = = = 0.2 A
Potential across 20 Ω = 0.2 x 20 = 4V
5) In series combination, R = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + ………
6) Effective resistance = =RΩ
7) H = 𝑡; H ∝ 1/R; R ∝ 1/A; H ∝ A
Ratio of heat will be 1:4
8) Effective resistance = 10 + = 10 + 10 = 10 Ω
Current = = = 1A
9) (a) (6 Ω+12 Ω) || (12 Ω + 6 Ω) = =9Ω
(b) (6 Ω||12 Ω) + (12 Ω || 6 Ω) = + =8Ω
.
10) I = , I = ; = ;n= = . .
= 1.5 x 1021 electrons
11) (a) By current division rule, Current through 2Ω = 𝑥 𝐼; I = 1.8 x = 3A
(b) Emf of the battery = IR = 1.8 x 2 = 3.6 V
12) By current division rule, Current through 20Ω = 𝑥 𝐼; I = 2.4 x = 4A
Total current = I = 4A
Current through 30Ω = 4-2.4 = 1.6A
13) (a) I = = = 0.1A
(b) I = = = 0.3A
14) Equivalent resistance = =

15) P = ; P ∝ V2
(a) Power for 180V = ( ) 𝑥60 = 40.2 W
(b) Power for 240V = ( ) 𝑥60 = 71.4 W
16) P = VI; I = = 0.18 A
17) P = VI = 220 x 5 = 1100 W
18) (a) P = = = 36 W
(b) P = = = 72 W
19) By KCL, I = 3+2-1 = 4A
20) Let the equivalent resistance between X and Y be x
 The circuit simplifies as given
x = 2r +
Therefore, 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑟 = 2𝑥𝑟 + 2𝑟 + 𝑥𝑟
Therefore, 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑟 − 2𝑟 = 0
±√
Therefore, 𝑥 =
± √
Therefore, 𝑥 =
√
Therefore, 𝑥 = 𝑟( )
21) Applying KVL in left loop,
30 – 50 – 20 (I1 – I2) – 10 I1 = 0
But I1 is zero, -20 + 20 I2 = 0; I2 = 1A
Applying KVL in right loop,
50 – I2 R – 20 (I2 – I1) = 0
But I1 is zero, 50 – I2 R – 20 I2 = 0
50 – R – 20 = 0
R = 30 Ω
22) By KCL, i = 2 + 3 + 1 – 2 – 1.3 = 2.7 A
23) Potential across 24 Ω = 30 – 18 = 12 V
Current across 24 Ω = 12/24 = 0.5 A
Current across 50 Ω = 18/50 = 0.36 A
Current across voltmeter = 0.5 – 0.36 = 0.14 A
Resistance of the voltmeter = 18 / 0.14 = 128.6 Ω
24) Effective resistance across the voltmeter and 100 Ω = = 80 Ω
(a) By potential division rule, potential across voltmeter = 𝑥 84 = 24 V
(b) By potential division rule, potential across 100 Ω = 𝑥 84 = 28 V

EXERCISE 2
1) (c)
2) (a)
3) (d) Specific resistance means the resistivity which is a material property.
4) (c) As the temperature of the semi-conductor is increased, the electrons in the valence band gain
sufficient energy to escape from the confines of their atoms. As a result, in higher temperatures, a semi-
conductor's valence electrons are free = conduction results, resistivity decreases.
5) (a)
6) Electrical energy = Pt = 10 x x 10 x 30 = 150 kWh
7) (c)
8) (a) As earthing offers low resistance path during short-circuit
9) (b)
10) (b)
11) (b) In parallel combination, potential difference across every resistor remains the same.
12) (b) Effective resistance = 2 Ω ||2 Ω = 1 Ω
Total current = I = = = 2 A
Reading of the ammeter = 1A
13) (b) Electrical energy = t= x 2 = 1.1 unit
2
14) (b) P = I R; P ∝ R
15) (b) As current through 3 Ω = 0.25 A
Current through 6 Ω = 0.25 A
Current through 5 Ω = 0.5 A
Current through 8 Ω = 0.5 A
 Current through 7 Ω = 1 A i.e. total current supplied by the battery
Equivalent resistance = 7 + 9 + {8 || [5 + (6 || 6)]} = 7 + 9 + 4 = 20 Ω
Input voltage = IR = 1 x 20 = 20 V
16) (d) Equivalent resistance = {10 + (10 || 10)} || 10 = 15 || 10 = =6Ω

PART B: CURRENT ELECTRICTY

EXERCISE 2(CONTD.):

17) (b) Equivalent resistance = 2R || R || R = 2R || R/2 = =

18) (a) 𝜌= = = .
= 1 x 10-6 Ω𝑚
19) (a) For series combination, R = R1 + R2
( )
Then, = +
Therefore, 𝜌 =
20. (c) I = = qf = 1.6 x 10-19 x 6.6 x 1015 = 1.056 x 10-3 A
21. (a) Current through 1st coil = = = 1.5 A
As both the coils are in series, the current will be same in both the coils.
.
Resistance of 2nd coil = = .
=3Ω
22. (a)
23. (a) For parallel combination, R = ;R=

Then, = =

P = 𝑃 +𝑃
24. (a) Resistance of short section = 𝑅 = = Ω
Resistance of long section = 𝑅 = = Ω

Equivalent resistance = = = Ω

25. (b) Let each resistance value be 1 unit.

Equivalent resistance in I = 2 || 1 = = 0.67 unit
Equivalent resistance in II = 1 || 1 || 1 = = 0.33 unit
Equivalent resistance in III = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 unit
Equivalent resistance in IV = (1 || 1) + 1 = + 1 = 1.5 unit
P= ; Increasing order of power will be with decreasing order of resistance
.
26. (c) Resistance per unit length = = Ω/m
Equivalent resistance = π ( ) || π ( ) || 2 ( ) = = Ω

27. Incomplete question

28. (a) R and R in series will give 2R and in turn parallel with 2R will give equivalent R for every symmetric
Section.
29. (b) Ratio of resistance in 1 Ω and 4 Ω branch = 2 : 6 = 1 : 3
By Ohms law, I ∝ 1/R
Thus, required ratio of currents = 3 : 1
EXERCISE 3:
1. (d) R=𝜌
2. (c) By KCL, I = 1.9 + 2.1 – 2.1 – 1.9 = 0 A
( )( )
3. (b) Equivalent resistance = (2 Ω + 2 Ω) || 2 Ω = = Ω
4. (a) P = VI
5. (a) BY Ohms law, Current along the combination = = =8A
2
Power across 6 Ω = I R = 64 x 6 = 384 W
6. 4 (3 series, 3 parallel, 2 series across one parallel and 2 parallel with one series)
7. Less as P =
8. R because R and R in series will give 2R and in turn parallel with 2R will give equivalent R for every symmetric
section.
9. Ratio of masses = 1 : 3 : 5
Ratio of volumes = 1 : 3 : 5
Ratio of areas = 1 : 5 : 25
As R ∝ , Ratio of resistances = 125 : 15 : 1
10. Less; As temperature increases, resistance also increases. Thus I-V graph will have less slope for more
resistance.
11. True.
Ratio of resistance in 1 Ω and 4 Ω branch = 2 : 6 = 1 : 3
By Ohms law, I ∝ 1/R
Thus, required ratio of currents = 3 : 1
12. False
R ∝ , while stretching, length increases and area decreases. Thus, the resistance will increase.
13. (c)

EXERCISE 4:
.
1. (c) I= = = 0.53 x 10-16 A
2. INCORRECT OPTIONS
3. Repeat of Ex.2 (18)
4. (d) Total current in the circuit = = =4A
Currents in 4Ω and 6Ω are 2 A each as the currents divides equally among equal resistances in
parallel.
( )( )
5. (a) Equivalent resistance across PQ = ( + )||R = || R = =

( )( )
Equivalent resistance across QR = ( + R) || = || = =

( )( )
Equivalent resistance across PR = ( + R) || = || = =

6. (c) 𝜌= = ; 𝜌 ∝ r2
7. Repeat of Ex.3 (6)
8. Repeat of Ex.2 (1)
9. Repeat of Ex.2 (3)
10. Repeat of Ex.2 (4)
11. Repeat of Ex.2 (5)
12. Repeat of Ex.2 (8)
13. Repeat of Ex.2 (9)
 14. Repeat of Ex.2 (10)
15. Repeat of Ex.2 (11)

EXERCISE 5:
( )( )
1. (c) Equivalent resistance = (30 + 30) || 30 = = 20 Ω
By Ohms law, I = = 0.1 A

2. (b) Potential across 5 Ω = = = 5√2 units

By potential division rule, potential across 4Ω = x 5√2 = 2√2 units

( √ )
Heat generated across 4 Ω = 𝑡= = 2 cal/sec
3. (d)
4. (b) Voltmeter is always connected in parallel and ammeter in series.
5. Repeat of Ex.2 (25)
6. (a) It is connected across two equipotential points.
7. (d) Equivalent resistance = 3 + 2 + {8 || [2 + 2 + (8 || 8) = 9 Ω
Total current = = = 1 A
Therefore, current through 3 Ω = 1 A
By KCL, current through 4 Ω = 0.25 A
8. (b) H= 𝑡, H ∝ (1/R), R ∝ , i.e. H ∝
9. Repeat of Ex.2 (22)
10. Repeat of Ex.2 (15)
11. Repeat of Ex.2 (16)
12. Repeat of Ex.2 (17)
13. Repeat of Ex.2 (18)
( )( )
14. (a), (b) Equivalent resistance across AB = 100 || (60 + 40) = = 50 Ω
( )( )
Equivalent resistance across BC = 60 || (100 + 40) = = 42 Ω
( )( )
Equivalent resistance across CA = 40 || (100 + 60) = = 32 Ω
15. (a), (b), (c) By Ohms law, 𝑖 = ,𝑖 =
Therefore, 𝑖 𝑅 + 𝑖 𝑟 = 𝑖 𝑅 + 𝑖 𝑟
r=
16. (d) Effective resistance in series = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 Ω
17. (b) Effective resistances in parallel = = Ω

18. (a) Effective resistance = (1 Ω + 2 Ω) || 3 Ω = 3 Ω || 3 Ω = 1.5 Ω

19. (d) H = I2Rt; R = = = 10 Ω
( ) ( )
20. (c) H = I2Rt = (42)(10)(10) = 1600 J
21. (a) V = IR = (4)(10) = 40 V
22. A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-Q
Let the total current be I
Current through 2 Ω = I = I A (maximum)
Current through 4 Ω = I = I A (minimum)
Current through 3 Ω = I= IA
Current through 5 Ω = I= IA
 Power across 2 Ω = I2R = (2) = 𝐼 W

Power across 4 Ω = I2R = (4) = 𝐼 W (minimum)

Power across 3 Ω = I2R = (3) = 𝐼 W (maximum)

Power across 5 Ω = I2R = (5) = 𝐼 W

23. A-Q, B-R, C-P, C-S, D-S
Let the resistance of each bulb be R
Current drawn from circuit A = (minimum and lightest)
Current drawn from circuit B = (Brightest)
Current drawn from circuit C = (maximum)
Current drawn from circuit D =

24. H = VIt; X × 103 = (12)(2.5)(5x60)

X = 9000 x 10-3 = 9
25. P ∝ V2; 𝑃 = ( ) 𝑃 = (24) = 6 W
26. R = = = 1.5 Ω
For n equal parallel combinations, R = ; i.e. 1.5 = ; i.e. n = 4

COMPETITION LEVEL:
1. (c) When -q is displaced perpendicular to AB, a restoring force acts on it which causes oscillations.
2. (a) If charges of value +q are placed along vertices A, B, C, D and E of a regular hexagon ABCDEF,
Force due to charge at A will balance and cancel force due to charge at D
Force due to charge at B will balance and cancel force due to charge at E
Resultant force acting on -q will be due to charge at C = (by Coulombs law)
. .
3. (b) E= = = .
= 5.57 x 10-11 N/C
4. (b) Electric Intensity at O due to charge at A = = (directed O to C)
( )
√

Electric Intensity at O due to charge at B = = (directed O to D)

( )
√

Electric Intensity at O due to charge at C = = (directed O to C)

( )
√

Electric Intensity at O due to charge at D = = (directed O to D)

( )
√

√
Net Electric intensity at O = ( ) +( ) = (√2) = (directed vertically downwards)
5. (b)
6. (d) Let the charge on B and C be Q and distance between them be d
BY Coulombs law, F = K
After new uncharged body is brought in contact,
Charge on B =
Charge on C =
( )( )
New force of repulsion = F’ = K =K =
7. (a) Let the null point P be at a distance d from -2q on positive x axis
Electric intensity due to +8q at P = Electric intensity due to -2q at P
 ( ) ( )
K( )
= K( )
4d2 = L2 + 2Ld + d2
3d2 – 2Ld - L2 = 0
±√ ±
d= = = =L
Location on x-axis = 2L
8. (d) Electric Intensity at O due to charge at A = = (directed O to C)
( )
√

Electric Intensity at O due to charge at B = = (directed O to D)

( )
√

Electric Intensity at O due to charge at C = = (directed O to C)

( )
√

Electric Intensity at O due to charge at D = = (directed O to D)

( )
√

√
Net Electric intensity at O = ( ) +( ) = (√2) = (directed vertically downwards)
On interchanging the charges, the direction of E will be vertically upwards.
As potential is a scalar quantity, it will remain unchanged.
9. (b) Work done W = VQ = (10 – 4) x (100 x 1.6 x 10 -19) = 9.6 x 10-17 J
( )
10. (a) Force between Q and -q = K = -KQq
Force between Q and Q = K =K
√

For equilibrium, −√2 KQq = K

Q = -2√2q
11. (a) R∝ ; = ( )( )=1:1
12. (b) For n equal resistors in parallel combination, R = ; x = ; r = nx
For n equal resistors in series combination, R = nr = n(nx) = 𝑛 x
13. (b) Let the resistance of the original wire be R
P1 =
New equivalent resistance = R’ = || =
P2 = =

P2 : P1 = 4 : 1
( )
14. (b) P= ; R’ = = = Ω
R’ = R Ω || 2 Ω ; =
6 + 3R = 4R
R=6Ω
15. (b) Let the total current be I
Current through PQ branch = 𝐼=
Current through RS branch = 𝐼=

Heat generated across P = 𝐼 𝑅𝑡 = (2)𝑡 = t

Heat generated across Q = 𝐼 𝑅𝑡 = (4)𝑡 = t

Heat generated across R = 𝐼 𝑅𝑡 = (1)𝑡 = t

Heat generated across S = 𝐼 𝑅𝑡 = (2)𝑡 = t (maximum)