lOMoARcPSD|29838774

lOMoARcPSD|29838774

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

General Physics1
Quarter 2 – Module 5
Title: Sound Interference, Beats,
Doppler Effect, and Density
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SENIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Author : Michael C. Roque

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12

General Physics1
Quarter 2 – Module 5
Title: Sound Interference, Beats,
Doppler Effect, and Density
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Physics 1 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Sound Interference, Beats, Doppler Effect, and Density!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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For the learner:

Welcome to the General Physics 1 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Sound Interference, Beats, Doppler Effect and Density!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is
capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at
your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
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Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Sound Interference, Beats, Doppler Effect, and Density. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module has lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Sounds Interference, Beats, Doppler Effect, and Density
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. describe qualitatively and quantitatively the superposition of waves
(STEM_GP12MWS- IIe- 35);

2. apply the condition for standing waves on a string (STEM_GP12MWS- IIe- 36);

3. relate the frequency (source dependent) and wavelength of sound with the
motion of the source and the listener. (STEM_GP12MWS- IIe- 37); and

4. relate density, specific gravity, mass, and volume to each other

(STEM_GP12MWS- IIe-40).
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What I Know

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. What will happen when the wave crest overlapped with another wave crest?
a. Wave reinforcement c. Wave cancellation
b. Both a & c d. None of them
2. Which is the formula in solving sound speed in air?
273 𝐾+𝑇
a. v = 331 m/s + 0.6(T) c. v =331 √ 273
𝐾
b. v = 331 m/s + 0.5(T) d. both a & c
3. It is a super loud sound produced by a supersonic aircraft left behind in its’ tail.
a. Sonic Sound b. dispersed sound c. Sonic boom d. ground sound
4. It is the observed change in frequency in the observer’s ear.
a. Doppler shift c. Doppler effect
b. Both a & c d. None of them
5. A point in space where the displacement remains zero.
a. Nodes b. Crest c. Antinodes d. trough
6. A sound source with a frequency of 790Hz moves away from a stationary observer
at a rate of 15m/s. What frequency does the observer hear? [The speed of sound
is 340 m/s.]
a. 757 Hz b. 960 Hz c. 650 Hz d. 1050 Hz
7. At a local concert, a speaker is set up to produce low-pitched base sound with a
frequency range of 20Hz to 200Hz, which can be modeled as sine waves. In a
simplified model, the sound waves the speaker produces can be modeled as a
cylindrical pipe with one end closed that travel through the air at a velocity of
v=331m/s + 0.6m/s (T), where T is the temperature in °C. As the person approaches
the speaker, the frequency he/she hears .
a. Increases c. Remains unchanged
b. Decreases d. undetermined
8. Using the above situation, determine the observed frequency if the person run away
from the speaker at rate of 2 m/s and the air temperature is around 24 0C, using the
frequency 200Hz.
a. 198.8 Hz b. 297 .8 Hz c. 200.2 Hz d. 198.5 Hz
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9. What would be the impression of the sound heard by the listener when the source
of the sound move away?
a. lower pitch b. lower tone c. higher pitch d. higher tone
10. You are going to school. As you walked at the rate of 3 m/s, an ambulance with
patient is approaching towards your location. It emits a frequency about
10000Hz. Will the frequency you perceived higher or lower the emitted frequency?
a. Higher because the overall distance between you and the siren is
decreasing.
b. Higher because the siren is traveling the same direction as you.
c. Lower because you are moving towards the source.
d. Lower because the overall distance between you and the siren is
increasing.
11. Two boats approach each other at 50m/s when one boat starts to beep its horn at
a frequency of 800Hz. What is the wavelength of the horn as heard by the other boat
driver? The sound speed is 343 m/s.
a. 0.5 m b. 0.55 m c. 0.32 m d. 0.35 m
12. Suppose you are on a hot air balloon ride carrying a buzzer that emits a sound
frequency. If you accidentally drop the buzzer at the side while the balloon is rising
at a constant speed, what will you conclude on the sound you heard?
a. The frequency heard and the intensity increases.
b. The frequency heard increases while the intensity decreases.
c. The frequency heard decreases while the intensity increases.
d. The frequency heard decreases as its intensity.
13. Two tuning forks of different frequency sounded together at the same time. The
first tuning fork has a frequency of 232 Hz while the second is 240 Hz. What will
be the perceived frequency of the observer?
a. 236 Hz b. 228 Hz c. 244 Hz d. 4 Hz
14. The object has a mass of 90g with a volume of 120 cm 3. Find the density of the
object.
a. 1 g/cm3 b. 0.45 g/cm3 c. 0.75 g/cm3 d. 2 g/cm3
15. A gold earring has a density of 19.3 g/cm 3, determine the specific gravity of the
gold earrings.
a. 1.93 c. 19.3
b. 0.19 d. 19.0
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Sound Interference, Beats,

The Doppler Effects, Fluid
Density
Sound is everywhere! In this lesson you will be able to know constructive and
destructive interference and standing waves on the string which able us to produce
acoustic sounds. Music becomes possible, even technically it is made up of
disturbances. In this topic, you will be able to know incident waves and reflective
waves.

If an object is moving while producing sounds, the frequency of the sound you hear is
higher as the object approaches you and lower as it moves away from you. This
phenomenon is an example of Doppler effect, named after Austrian physicist Christian
Doppler (1803–1853), who discovered it.

Our planet contains various types of fluid. Any matter which shape is irregular hence
takes the shape of its container and able to flow is known as fluid. Both liquid and
gas are fluid in nature.
Lastly, you will learn the introduction to fluid mechanics, which includes densities,
specific gravity, mass, volume, and their relationships as well.

Notes to the Teacher

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What’s In

The speed of sound is influenced by the sounding temperature. As the temperature

gets hotter the speed of sound moves at a higher rate.

The formula in solving the speed of sound in air is v = 331 m/s + (0.6T). Higher Physics
𝟐𝟕𝟑 𝑲+𝑻
book suggested the equation v = 331 m/s √ , provided that the
𝟐𝟕𝟑 𝑲
temperature is in Celsius unit. Since sound is a type of mechanical wave, it is also
affected by the medium by which the sound is passing through. The speed of sound
varies per medium such as solid, liquid and gas.

Try to solve the problem…

1. The soccer team captain ball shouts producing 88 Hz at the top of his lungs.
Determine the speed of the sound he produces if the temperature of the
surrounding is about 430C.

What if the ambient temperature changed? Try to solve this.

a. 240C
b. 370C
c. 500C
d. 270C
e. 150C
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What’s New

Sounds of Silence

by: Michael C. Roque

Teacher III/ ONHS Parang – Parang

Your voice reaches me, sings like a melody.

Do you hear me singing, like a tuning fork with two frequency?

Starry starry night, I see light in the sky full of stars,

some are just a million miles,
Others are so far away,
that its light travels long on its way.

The sound I hear are just imprints of your frequency!

The speaker had move, but your sounds is not removed!

My ear wiggled as you whisper,

My heart trembled at your shout!

Your sound is moving up and down,

I left you with a cry.
Your sonic boom,
Bring my brain out behind!

Remember my density, we’ll define your specific gravity!

What is being
discussed in the
first stanza? In the Very good!
second stanza? In It is beat!
the last stanza? Doppler Effect
Density and specific
gravity!

We will discuss each concept in the table below so that you will be able to
understand it very well.
What I need to know?
Superposition of Waves
Interference
• Constructive Interference
• Destructive Interference
Standing waves
Doppler Effect
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Let us know it!
It is the resultant displacement of two or more
overlapping waves. It is the algebraic sum of the
displacements of the individual waves
It occurs when two waves overlap.
• It occurs when two waves move along the
same direction, and their crest overlap
with each other. The wave is reinforced.
• It occurs when the crest of the wave
overlaps with the trough of the other
wave. The wave is cancelled.
It is a pulsating stationary pattern caused by the
interference of harmonic waves of equal
amplitude and the wavelength is travelling in
opposite directions.
It occurs when the other end or both ends of the
string is fixed. The incident wave will be reflected
on the other end which has a similar amplitude.
Node is the point in space where the
displacement remains zero while the antinodes
is the point in space where displacement varies
greatly.
It is the apparent change in frequency due to the
motion source of the receiver of sounds or waves.
Doppler Effect is the apparent downward or
upward change in frequency because of the
movement of either the wave source or the
observer, or both.
The emitted frequency (fs) of any sound
producing object remains the same. It does not
change nor been affected by its surrounding but
what has been altered is the perceived
frequency (fo) or what we call the frequency
heard by the observer known as pitch.
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In short, what we calculate is the perceived

frequency. In calculating the f o there are 3
different cases we need to understand.
I assure you, this is not difficult. All you need to
do is to understand its concept very well.
For you to easily determine what is missing,
here are the important algebraic symbols with
their meaning:

fo = Observed frequency
fs = Source frequency
v = Speed of sound in air
λS = Wavelength source
vo = Observer velocity
vs = Source velocity
Shockwave It is an overlapping sphere that form a cone. It
happens when the sound source moves faster
than the speed of sound in a medium or what
we call supersonic speed.

•
It is the sharp cracked heard by the
• Sonic boom observer when hit by densely
compressed air, that is sweep behind by
a supersonic aircraft.
Beats Special case of interference occurs when two tone
of slightly different frequency are sounded at the
same time.

Density It is the ratio of mass and volume.

Specific Gravity Specific gravity is the ratio of the density (mass
of a unit volume) of a substance to the density
of a given reference material. It is also
known as the relative density.

Let us check your understanding!

1. What is the loud sound produced by a supersonic plane?
2. It is the algebraic sum of individual waves displacement that overlapped each
other.
3. What type of interference is shown below?
4. The point in space where the displacement remains zero is .
5. What is apparent downward or upward change in frequency because of the
movement of either the wave source or the observer, or both?
6. It is also known as relative density.
7. It is the ratio of mass and volume.
8. It is an overlapping sphere that form a cone due to the sound source move faster
than its sound wave produced.
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9. Special case of interference occurs when two slightly different frequency sound
source are played at the same time.
10. It is a pulsating stationary pattern caused by the interference of harmonic waves
of equal amplitude and wavelength travelling in opposite direction.

What is It

Based on the above information, try to infer what will happen on a hanging bridge if the
wind frequency matches the natural frequency of the bridge. The wind continues to blow
constantly.
A.

Now let us proceed to the world of Acoustics! Let us do it (Beats)

1. Suppose a two sound source emitted a slightly different sound frequency, 262 Hz
and 266 Hz, were released at the same time. Determine the beat frequency and the
frequency heard by the observer.
What are the given:
First frequency (f1) 𝑓1 = 262 Hz
Second frequency (f2) 𝑓2 = 266 Hz
What are missing: Beat frequency 𝑓𝑏 = ?
Perceived frequency 𝑓𝑜 = ?
Formulae: 𝑓𝑏 = 𝑓2 – 𝑓 1
Where:
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (𝐻𝑧) 𝑓𝑏
𝑓1 = 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (𝐻𝑧) 𝑓𝑜 = + 𝑓1
2
𝑓2 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (𝐻𝑧)
𝑓𝑜 = 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (𝐻𝑧)
Substitute the given: 𝑓𝑏 = 𝑓2 – 𝑓 1
Subtract the second frequency with the first frequency.
The result is the beat frequency. 𝑓𝑏 = 266 Hz – 262 𝐻𝑧
= 4 beats/s or 4 Hz
In determining the observed frequency, Substitute the 𝑓𝑏
computed beat frequency with the formula. 𝑓𝑜= + 𝑓𝑙
Follow the rule of mathematics. Divide 4 Hz with 2. 2
𝒇𝒍 = is the lower
Add the 2 Hz with the lower frequency 262 Hz. The sum frequency.
is the frequency heard by the observer which is 264 Hz. 4𝐻𝑧
𝑓𝑜 = + 262 𝐻𝑧
2
𝑓𝑜= 2𝐻𝑧 + 262 𝐻𝑧
𝑓𝑜 = 264 𝐻𝑧
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B. Determine the perceived frequency and the beats frequency when the two different
sound sources produce 101Hz and 95Hz.
Easy right! Now let’s proceed to Doppler Effect. We will understand how to handle
problems related to it, how the formula was derived, and how it will be applied in each
problem. Your attention is required to observe how the calculation was carried out.

Case 1.1 Observer moving towards the source.

In Figure 1, the observer is moving with a

speed of vo toward the source (considered
a point source), which is at rest (vs = 0).
We take the frequency of the source to be
fs , the wavelength of the source to be λs,
and the speed of sound in air to be v. If
both observer and source are stationary,
the observer detects fs wave fronts per
second. (That is, when vo = 0 and vs = 0,
the observed frequency fo equals the source frequency fs .) When moving toward the
source, the observer moves a distance of vot in t seconds. During this interval, the
observer detects an additional number of wave fronts. The number of extra wave fronts
is equal to the distance traveled, vot , divided by the wavelength λS :

Additional wave fronts detected = vot / λs

Divide this equation by the time t to get the number of additional wave fronts detected
per second, vo/λS. Hence, the frequency heard by the observer is increased to
𝑓= 𝑓 + 𝑣𝑜
𝑜 𝑠 𝛌𝑠

Substituting λs = v/fs into this expression for f0, we obtain

Then, we arrive at the functional formula:

𝑓= 𝑓( 𝑣 + 𝑣𝑜 ) [1]
𝑜 𝑠 𝑣

Case 1.2 The observer is moving away from the source.

When the observer is moving away

from a stationary source (Figure 2), the
observed frequency decreases. A derivation
yields the same result as Equation 1, but with
𝒗 − 𝒗𝒐 in the numerator. Therefore, when the
observer is moving away from the source,
substitute − 𝑣𝑜 for + 𝑣𝑜 in Equation 1
𝑓 = 𝑓 ( 𝑣− 𝑣𝑜 )
𝑜 𝑠 𝑣
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Case 2. The Source Is Moving Relative to a Stationary Observer

(a) A source S moving with speed vS toward

stationary observer A and away from stationary
observer B. Observer A hears an increased
frequency, and observer B hears a decreased
frequency. (b) The Doppler effect in water, observed
in a ripple tank.

Figure 3

Now consider a source moving toward an observer at rest, as in Figure 3. Here,

the wave fronts passing observer A are closer together because the source is moving in
the direction of the outgoing wave. As a result, the wavelength λo measured by observer
A is shorter than the wavelength λs of the source at rest. During each vibration, which
lasts for an interval T (the period), the source moves a distance vsT
= vS/fS and the wavelength is shortened by that amount. The observed wavelength
is therefore given by
λo = λ s - 𝑣𝑠
Where:
𝑓𝑠

Because λs = v/fs , the frequency observed by A is fo = Observed frequency

𝑣 𝑣 𝑣 fs = Source frequency
𝑓𝑜= 𝛌o = 𝛌s− 𝑣𝑠 = 𝐯 − 𝑣𝑠 v = Speed of sound in air
𝑓𝑠 𝒇𝒔 𝑓𝑠
λS = Wavelength source
Or vo = Observer velocity
𝑓 =𝑓 ( 𝑣 ) [2] vs = Source velocity
𝑜 𝑠 𝑣− 𝑣
𝑠

As expected, the observed frequency increases when the source is moving

toward the observer. When the source is moving away from an observer at rest, the
negative sign in the denominator must be replaced with a positive sign, so the factor
becomes ( 𝑣 )
𝑣+ 𝑣𝑠

Doppler shift: When observer and the source are both in motion

When both the source and the observer are in motion relative to Earth, Equations 1
and 2 can be combined to give
𝑣+ 𝑣𝑜
𝑓 = 𝑓( )
𝑜 𝑠 𝑣− 𝑣
𝑠
[3]
or
𝑓𝑜 𝑓𝑠
=
𝑣 + 𝑣𝑜 𝑣 − 𝑣𝑠
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In Summary, always remember these important notes:

Case 1.1 (Moving observer)

➢ Frequency heard increases (Towards) 𝒇 = 𝒇 ( 𝒗 + 𝒗𝒐 )
𝒐 𝒔 𝒗

➢ Frequency heard decreases(Away)) 𝒇 = 𝒇 ( 𝒗 − 𝒗𝒐 )

𝒐 𝒔 𝒗
Case 1.2 (Moving Source) 𝑓= 𝑓 ( 𝑣 )
𝑜 𝑠 𝑣+ 𝑣
➢ Frequency heard fades(Move away) 𝑠
𝑓= 𝑓 ( 𝑣 )
➢ Frequency heard increases(Towards) 𝑜 𝑠 𝑣− 𝑣
𝑠
Case 2. The Source Is Moving Relative to a Stationary 𝑣 + 𝑣𝑜
Observer 𝑓 =𝑓( )
𝑜 𝑠 𝑣− 𝑣
➢ Moving towards each other equation 𝑓 =𝑓(
𝑣 − 𝑣𝑠𝑜
)
➢ Moving away from each other equation 𝑜 𝑠 𝑣+ 𝑣
𝑠
Wavelength Formula 𝑣
𝜆=
𝑓
Sound speed in air (v) v = 331 m/s + 0.6T
or
273𝐾+𝑇
v = 331 m/s √
273 𝐾
Beat Frequency 𝑓𝑏 =/𝑓2 – 𝑓1/
𝑓𝑏
Perceived beat frequency on observer ear 𝑓𝑜 = + 𝑓1
2

Let’s practice! (Doppler Effect)

After learning the derivation and concept, let us apply what you have learned in
the conceptual discussion.

1. A man is standing on a road next to railway tracks When the train approaches,
it blows the horn which generates a sound with a single frequency of 420.0 Hz.
The man is stationary while the train’s speed is 32.0 m/s. Further, the sound’s
speed is 340.0 m/s. Calculate the frequency of the sound which the driver of the
car will hear.
What are the given:
Wind speed V = 340 m/s
Velocity of the source(Train) vs = 32 m/s
Frequency of the source(Train) fs = 420 Hz
What is missing:
Frequency perceived by observer fo = ?
Case Relation: Source is moving towards
the observer
Formula Required: 𝑓𝑜= 𝑓 (𝑠𝑣 )
𝑣− 𝑣𝑠
Substitution Process: 𝑓 =𝑜 𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝐻𝑧 ( 𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝑚/𝑠 𝑚 )
𝟑𝟒 𝟑𝟐𝑚/𝑠
Insert the value for each variables 𝟎𝑠−
Subtract 32 m/s from 340 m/s = to 308 m/s. 𝑓 = 420 𝐻𝑧 (340 𝑚/𝑠)
𝑜 𝟑𝟎𝟖 𝑚/𝑠
Divide 340 m/s with 308 m/s
𝑓𝑜 = 420 𝐻𝑧 (𝟏. 𝟏𝟎𝟒)
Cancel the unit m/s = to 1.104 them multiply it
with observed frequency 420 Hz
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The product of the operation will be 463.68 Hz. 𝒇𝒐 = 𝟒𝟔𝟑. 𝟔𝟖 𝑯𝒛

2. A fire truck emits an 880Hz siren. As the truck approaches an observer on the
sidewalk, he perceives the pitch to be 950Hz. Approximately what pitch does
he hear after the truck passes and is moving away? Assume the truck's velocity
remains constant, and that the velocity of sound in air is 340m/s.
What are the given:
Source of Frequency(Siren) fs = 880 Hz
Perceived Frequency(Observer) fo = 950 Hz
Velocity of the wind(Wind) v = 340 m/s
What is missing:
Velocity of the source(Truck) vs = ?
Frequency perceived by the observer as the
truck leaves fo = ?
Case Relation: Two step problem combined.
Formula Required: 𝑓𝑜 = 𝑓 𝑠( 𝑣 )
𝑣− 𝑣𝑠
Derivation of Formula:
Multiply both side with v-vs v-vs [𝑓 = 𝑓 ( 𝑣 )] v-vs
𝑜 𝑠 𝑣−𝑣
𝑠

Cancel similar quantity

(v-vs) 𝑓𝑜 = 𝑓𝑠(v)
Apply distributive property to isolate the
unknown quantity
v(𝑓𝑜 )- (vs)𝑓𝑜 = 𝑓𝑠 (v)
Transpose known value to the right
- (vs)𝑓𝑜 = 𝑓𝑠 (v)- v(𝑓𝑜 )
Divide both side with −𝑓𝑜
−𝑣𝑠𝑓𝑜 𝑓𝑠𝑣 − 𝑣𝑓𝑜
Cancel similar quantity =
−𝑓𝑜 −𝑓𝑜
𝒇𝒔𝒗−𝒗𝒇𝒐
𝒗𝒔 = −𝒇𝒐
Substitution Process: 𝒇𝒔𝒗−𝒗𝒇𝒐
𝒗𝒔 =
−𝒇𝒐
STEP 1. Finding the velocity of the source 𝟖𝟖𝟎 𝑯𝒛(𝟑𝟒𝟎
𝒎
− 𝟑𝟒𝟎𝒎/𝒔(𝟗𝟓𝟎𝑯𝒛)
𝒗𝒔 = 𝒔)
Insert the value for each variables −𝟗𝟓𝟎 𝑯𝒛
𝑚
299200 Hz⦁ − 323000 Hz⦁𝑚/𝑠
Simplify each side = 𝑠
−950 𝐻𝑧
Divide numerator with denominator −23800H z⦁𝑚/𝑠
The velocity of the fire truck is calculated. 𝑣 =
𝑠 −950 𝐻𝑧

STEP 2. Solve for fo as the fire truck leaves the 𝑣𝑠 = 25 𝑚/𝑠

area.
𝑓 =𝑓( 𝑣 )
𝑜 𝑠 𝑣+ 𝑣
Now we will used the calculated vs to determine 𝑠

the perceived frequency of the observer as the Use +vs because the source is
leaving the listener
fire truck moves away 340 𝑚/𝑠
𝑓𝑜 = 880 Hz ( 𝑚 )
340 25𝑚/𝑠
𝑠+
𝒇𝒐 = 820 Hz
Therefore the perceived frequency
will be lower because the source is
moving away.
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3. Two cars approach each other at 50 m/s when one car starts to beep its horn
at a frequency of 475Hz. What is the wavelength of the horn as heard by the
other driver, when the sound velocity is about 343 m/s?
What are the given:
Sound velocity v = 343 m/s
Velocity of the source (car 1) vs = 50 m/s
Velocity of the observer (car 2) vo = 50 m/s
Frequency of the source (horn) fs = 475 Hz
What are missing:
Frequency perceived by observer fo = ?
Wavelength of the horn as heard λ=?
Case Relation: Case 3. General Equation
𝑣+𝑣
Formula Required: 𝑓 = 𝑓 ( 𝑜)
𝑜 𝑠 𝑣− 𝑣
𝑠
λ=v/f𝑣+𝑣
Substitution Process: 𝑓 = 𝑓 ( 𝑜)
𝑜 𝑠 𝑣− 𝑣
Insert the value for each variable. 𝑚
𝑠
343 +50𝑚/𝑠
𝑓𝑜= 475 𝐻𝑧( 𝑚
𝑠 )
Perform the necessary mathematical operation. 343 𝑠 − 50 𝑚/𝑠
𝑓 = 475 𝐻𝑧(393 𝑚/𝑠)
𝑜 293 𝑚/𝑠
𝑓𝑜 = 475 𝐻𝑧(1.34)
𝑓𝑜 = 636.50 Hz
𝑣
Find the wavelength. 𝜆=
𝑓𝑜
343 𝑚/𝑠 636. 50
The wavelength of the horn λ=
𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒/𝑠
λ = 0.54 m
C. Two cars approach each other at 10 m/s when one car starts to beep its horn at
a frequency of 675Hz. What is the wavelength of the horn as heard by the other
driver, when the sound velocity is about 340 m/s?

After knowing the Doppler Effect concept and solution, now we will have an introduction
to fluid mechanics. We will discuss about the fluid density and specific gravity.

Are you ready!? Let’s go!

Try this! (Density)

King David asked General Joab to investigate if the crate discovered in Jerusalem
was actually made up of gold. Gen. Joab gathered data about the crate. It has a
dimension of 20cm x 40cm x 20 cm and weight about 308800g.

What are the given:

Length of the crate L = 20cm
Width of the crate W = 40 cm
Height of the crate H = 20 cm
Mass of the crate m = 308800g
What are unknown:
Volume of the crate V =?
Density of the crate ρ= ?
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Formulae:
Volume of regular shape object V = LxWxH
Density of the object ρ= 𝑚
𝑉

Substitute the given to the formula:

Compute for the volume by multiplying V = LxWxH
length, width, and height
The product will be the volume. V = 20 cm x 40 cm x 20 cm

V = 16000 cm3
Solve for density by substituting the
computed value and the known value ρ= 𝑚
𝑉
Computed Density. 308800g
ρ = 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐜𝐦3
ρ = 19.3 g/cm3
Therefore the crate is really a gold
because based on the table of density
19.3 g/cubic centimeter is Gold.
D. Find the mass of the object when its density is 2 g/cm 3 and it occupies a volume
of 9 cm3.

Connect this! (Specific Gravity)

When we calculate the density of certain substance, we can also determine its specific
gravity. Specific gravity is the comparison of unknown density with that of water. By
determining its specific density, we can now perceive its property.

For instance, we can solve the specific gravity of the above density by comparing it
to water density which is 1g/cm3 or 1000 m/Kg3 at STP.

What are given:

Density of the crate 𝜌𝑥 = 19.3 g/cm3
Density of water 𝝆𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 1.00 g/cm3
What is ask? Spgr = ?
Specific gravity of the substance
Formula: Spgr = 𝜌𝑥
𝜌𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓
Where:
Spgr = specific gravity
𝜌𝑥 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝜌𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟(1g/cm3)
Substitute the value to the formula: Spgr = 𝜌𝑥
𝜌𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓
Insert the computed density in the 19.3 g/𝑐𝑚
3

previous problem (px) = 19.3 g/cm3. Then Spgr =

1.0 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
divide with water density at STP which is
1g/cm3. Spgr = 19.3
Cancel similar unit and performed the is the specific gravity of the
operation. substance gold.
E. An object has a mass of 90g on a flash measuring 30cm3. Determine the
density and the specific gravity of the object.
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What’s More
In this part, your skills and acquired concept in “What is it” will be exercised. Let’s
see if you really understand those. Let us do the 3 activities here in “What’s More”.

Complete the table below. Write your answers in the right side of the activity sheet
Task 1. What will happen.

1.

2.

Task 2. Solve the beats and observed frequency.

Task 3. Find the observed frequency.

Task 4. Find the density and the specific gravity.

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What I Have Learned

Today I had learned that perceived frequency may vary but the emitted frequency
will remains the same.

The pitch of the sound increases as you approaches the source of sound but
deminish as you move away from it.

There are different formulae that can be used depending on the movement of the
source of frequency and the movement of the observer.

I can determine the beats and the relative frequency heard by the observer.

I had found out that density is the ratio of mass and volume while specific gravity
is the ratio of unknown Material density with that of water density at STP. It is also
known as relative density.

Summary of Formulae:

Direction: Write the formula needed in the column B.

Column A Column B
Case 1.1 (Moving observer)
1. Frequency heard increases (Towards)

2. Frequency heard decreases (Away)

Case 1.2 (Moving Source)
3. Frequency heard fades (Move away)

4. Frequency heard increase (Towards)

Case 2. The Source Is Moving Relative to a Stationary
Observer
5. Moving towards each other equation

6. Moving away from each other equation

7. Wavelength Formula
8. Sound speed in air (v)
9. Beat Frequency

10. Perceived beat frequency on observer ear

11. Density
Volume of regular object
12. Specific Gravity
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What I Can Do

Every living creature has their distinct sound. Each sound is unique. Today
we live in a world that even sound can be harness as source of energy. There are
wider applications of sounds and acoustics science in our world.
In medicine, through ultrasound, doctors can track the development of
human embryo or be able to determine diseases such as tumors, cancer cell and the
likes.
In the field of Psychology, music and sound are now utilized to treat some
psychological problems but limited to hypertension.
In the present technology, sound waves can be transferred into another form.
Making communication possible for us.

Make a poster showing the importance of sounds in our society and how
to take good care our sense of hearing.

Rubrics in Checking the Poster

Criteria Points
Color harmony 10 points
Relevance to the topic 30 points
Artistic inclination and design 10 points

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Assessment

I. Match column A with column B. Write the answer on your answer sheet.

Column A Column B
1. It is the space occupied by matter. a. Sonic boom
2. The perceived frequency in the ear of observer b. 333 m/s
3. It is the apparent change in frequency due to c. 345 m/s
movement of source or the observer.
4. It is also known as the relative density. d. Destructive
interference
5. The ratio of mass and volume is called . e. Constructive
interference
6. It happens when two crests or two troughs of waves f. Density
combine.
7. It happens when the crest of a wave joins with the trough g. Specific gravity
of another wave.
8. Speed of sound in air at 240C h. Doppler effect
9. Speed of sound at 40C i. f0
10. Cracking sound produced by supersonic plane j. fs
k. volume

II. Solve the following problem. Show your solution.

1. Two electronic speakers with 250Hz and 260Hz frequency are set on. Determine
the beat frequency and the perceived frequency heard by the observer.
2. Find the specific gravity and the density of an object with a dimension of 25cm
x 60cm x 80 cm with a mass of 9000g.
3. A car is moving at a rate of 50 m/s when suddenly the driver hit the horn that
emits 20000Hz frequency. What will be the perceived frequency of a man
standing at the sidewalk if the speed of the sound is 340 m/s and the car is
moving away from the location of the man?
4. A trumpet emits a sound frequency equivalent to 100Hz. If the person using
the trumpet is moving towards the listener, what would be the perceived
frequency of the listener if the velocity of the sound is 350 m/s and the man
using the trumpet is moving at the rate of 5 m/s?
5. Two fire trucks are moving toward each other at a rate of 25 m/s. If the first fire
truck emits a frequency of 10000Hz and the ambient temperature is 40 0C, what
will be the observed frequency of the second fire truck?

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Additional Activities

Refer to table 1 for density reference, the answer the activity below.

I. Complete the table below.

Substance Mass Volume Density

1. 206 g 2. cm3 1.03 g/cm3
Gold 3. g 20 cm3 4. g/cm3
5. 500.05 g 26.74 cm3 6. g/cm3
7. 230 kg 8. m3 0.92 x 103 kg/m3
Lead 9. g 11.85 cm3 10.

Table 1.
Densities of Common Substance
Substance Density Density(kg/m3)
(g/cm3)
Helium (at STP) 0.000178 0.000178 x 103
Carbon monoxide (at STP) 0.00125 0.00125 x 103
Nitrogen (at STP) 0.001251 0.001251 x 103
Air (at STP) 0.001293 0.001293 x 103
Carbon dioxide (at STP) 0.001977 0.001977 x 103
Ice 0.920 0.920 x 103
Water at 20°C 0.998 0.998 x 103
Water at 4°C 1.000 1.000 x 103
Seawater 1.03 1.03 x 103
Milk 1.027-1.033 1.027-1.033 x 103
Coal 1.1-1.4 1.1-1.4 x 103
Blood 1.600 1.600 x 103
Magnesium 1.7 1.7 x 103
Granite 2.6-2.7 2.6-2.7 x 103
Aluminum 2.7 2.7 x 103
Steel 7.75 – 8.05 7.75 – 8.05 x 103
Iron 7.87 7.87 x 103
Copper(pure) 8.92 8.92 x 103
Lead 11.3 11.3 x 103
Mercury 13.6 13.6 x 103
Uranium 18.7 18.7 x 103
Gold(pure) 19.3 19.3 x 103
Platinum 21.45 21.45 x 103
Osmium 22.61 22.61 x 103
Iridium 22.65 22.65 x 103
Silver 10.49 10.49 x 103

II. Solve the problem below.

1. A train moving at a speed of 40 m/s sounds its horn which has a frequency of
5 x 102 Hz. Determine the frequency heard by a stationary observer as the train
approaches the observer. The ambient temperature is 300C.

2. A fire truck travels down the highway at the speed of 120 km/h. Its siren has
an emitting sounds at a frequency of 4 x 104 Hz. What is heard by the passenger
in the car traveling at 100 km/h in opposite direction, when the sound velocity
is 340 m/s?

3. Using the problem in item number 2 what happen in the frequency heard if the
direction of the two vehicles will be approaching each oth

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 Downloaded by Nira Logmao (niralogmao0914@gmail.com)
Assessm
5) 1.
2
6) 18.70 . Cance
= l
7) 3. led
6H
8) 0.25 4.
=z 270
9) 133.905 5.
= Hz
9311
6.
Hz
7.
8.
2 9.
1
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