1. Differentiate: "Filipino," "regular priest", and "secularization issue.

"
- A Filipino is someone who is a native of the Philippine Islands or a citizen of
the Republic of the Philippines. Filipinos are primarily Malay, with traces of
Chinese, American, Spanish, and Arab heritage. The Filipinos are divided into
regions based on geography and culture, with each regional group having
distinct characteristics and dialects.
- Regular priests belonged to religious orders. They take religious vows of
chastity, poverty, and obedience, as well as obey the institute's rules of life.
The main objective of their mission was to spread Christianity. Examples
were the Franciscans, Recollects, Dominicans, and Augustinians.
- Secularization in the Philippines simply meant "nationalizing" the Catholic
Church by replacing friars with native secular priests. This was in response to
the Spanish friars, who were seen as impediments to education,
development, and independence. When the Jesuits returned to the
Philippines, the issue heated up even more. They had been exiled from the
country due to the order's policies, which the Spanish government did not
approve of. The issue quickly devolved into a racial one. Clearly, the
Spaniards preferred their own regular priest over Filipino priests. Monsignor
Pedro Pelaez, the Church's ecclesiastical governor, stood with the Filipinos.
In 1863, he died in an earthquake that destroyed the Manila Cathedral. Other
priests took his position in the fight for secularization after his death. Fathers
Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora were among them.

2. Discuss the stand of the regular priest and the secular priests in relation to
the administration of Philippine provinces.
- Bishops insisted on visiting parishes that were governed by regular priests,
which caused a conflict. They claimed it was their responsibility to monitor the
management of these parishes. Regular priests, on the other hand, declined
these visits, claiming that they did not fall under the bishop's jurisdiction. If the
bishops persisted, they threatened to forsake their parishes. Archbishop
Basilio Santa Justa decided in 1774 to maintain the diocese's jurisdiction over
the parishes by accepting the regular priests' resignations. He assigned
secular priests to take their place. The archbishop hurried the ordination of
Filipino seculars since there were not enough seculars to fill all of the
vacancies.
- On November 9, 1774, a royal order was issued mandating the secularization
of all parishes or the transfer of parochial administration from regular friars to
secular priests. The regulars were enraged by the move, believing the
Filipinos were unsuited for the priesthood. They mentioned the Filipinos'
brown color, lack of education, and lack of experience as reasons.
 3. If the word "propaganda" means to give out information, analyze why the
secularization issue became a crucial point in the Propaganda Period of
Philippines history.
- Although the Vatican discouraged the permanence of a religious order in
administering a parish, the Spanish government overturned the 1774
secularization policy in 1826. By this time, a growing number of Filipino
priests had become aware of their rights and were becoming more active and
united in their defense. Father Pedro Pelaez, a Filipino priest, emerged as the
leader from among them. However, his unexpected death in an earthquake in
Manila in 1863 robbed the secularization movement of a shrewd, respected,
and powerful leader.
- Then came Father Jose Burgos, who was considered Pelaez's protégé. They
were both adamant about establishing the rights of seculars. The rights of the
secular clergy were being violated by the friars, according to Pelaez. Burgos
was in the same boat. However, there was another crucial part of the
problem: seculars were being denied the privilege to administer a parish
because of their race and inferiority to Europeans. Burgos was evolving into a
religious nationalist at this point.
- The Spanish government was not about to tolerate nationalism in any form.
Secularism has to be eradicated. And they were destroyed on February 17,
1872, when three of the most visible proponents of secularism, Fathers Jose
Burgos, Mariano Gomes, and Jacinto Zamora, were executed in connection
with the unproven Cavite mutiny.

References:
https://www.philembassy.org.au/the-philippines/filipino-people
https://www.philippine-history.org/secularization-of-priests.htm
https://www2.kokugakuin.ac.jp/ijcc/wp/cimac/mendoza.html
https://nhcp.gov.ph/the-secularization-issue-was-an-international-issue/