234 A Textbook of Electricl Scilence

7.4.2. Symbolic Method For Solution of Single

Phase Series-Parallel Circuits
parallel circuits may be solved in the same manner as de series-parallel circuits
s

phase ac Single phase

resistances are involved. The equivalent imned.ed se
ex Senie
complex impedances instead of simple
circuit is determined first from the relation of a paralie
Atho
then it is ndded (in complex form) to the impedance of the circuit connected in series
parallel circuit and thus total impedance of the whole circuit is determined. The problemwith the combinet
discussed before. can be
soved as
Example 7.15
Consider an electric circuit shown in Fig. 7.15. Determine () the current and powerconsumed in
the supply current and power factor.
Solution: Current in 10 Q branch,

10045 = 10/45A Ans.

100 502 5
Current ininductive branch, ddosni opuosibblteeg ni 10
10045
be vd bonimosb sd i5
5 + j53
1004 =10-15 AAns. -j5,
1060
Fig.7.15
100459
Current in capacitive branch, I = 10045
5 - j5310/-60°
=
10/105° AAns.
Power consumed in resistive
branch, P =
I R =10 x 10 =
1,000 W Ans.
Power consumed in inductive
branch, P2 =
15 R, = 10 x 5 = 500 W Ans.
Power consumed in
capacitive branch, Pa =
I Ra = 16' x 5 =500 W Ans.
www
(i)Supply current, I I, +1+1= 10245 +10Z-15
=

10/105 +

(7.071+j 7.071) + (9.659-j2.588) +(-2.588+j9.659)

=

=
14.142+j 14.142 2045 amperes Ans. =

Power factor, cos o =

Cos (45°-45°) 1.0 Ans.Eeboqol oliet
=

toolsriupd
Example 7.16
Obtain the power factor of
a two branch
L= (6 +j 0). To what value must the parallel circuit where the first branch has
62 resistor be changed to result in Z, (2 +j 4) and secon =

the overall power factor

09 lagging
Solution: Admittance of branch I, Y, j40
= 20
Z 2+j4 22+42 (0.1-j0.2) S w O00
62
Admittance of branch II, www.
Y, =
(0.167 +j 0)s
6+ j0
Equivalent admittance of the Fig.7.16
circuit, Y =
Y, + Y, (0.1 -j 0.2) +
=

The (0.167 +j0) =

(0.267-j 0.2)
magnitude of cquivalent admittance, Y =

0.267) +(0.2=0.333 S
X
 Single Phase Paralel and Seres.
Parallel Cirsits 235
t a c t o r
the circuit,
ofthe
Cos 0.261-
0.3338((agging) An
P o w e r

stor of Z, be changed to R ohitms so as to

heresIStaDCee ofthe make thee power factor
of whole direnit 09
the circuit, G=
ci (lagging)
nductance ofthe
conductanceof

1otal

NO
susceptance
thecircuit,B B--0.2s
ofthe circ
tal circuit, = Cos 0.9=-25.84,being
ci
c ir
rccu
uiit
tis given as
ie
lagging
oftthe
of
he

angle ngle
Phase

Tan
-0.2
or Tan 1 =-25.84
L+0.1
R
or R = 3.2 Ans.

Example7 . 1 7

coil of(6 +j8) Q impedanceis connected to 100 V, 50 Hz ac supply. It is desired to improve power
ductive
current
.8 1lagging
to 0.8 by connecting a capacitor () is in series of the coil G) in parallel of the coil.
An
fsupply
factorofsu
valueofthe
capacitance in each case.
the
mine
nacitor of capacitance C be connected in series with the coil so as to raise the pf of supply current to 0.8
Leta ca
7.17.
in Fig.
S o l u t i o n :

as
shown 6Q j8 -j/2nfC a
ging, Resistance of the circuit, R 62
=

1
of the series circuit, X =8-- Fig.7.17
Inductivereactance 2 T7fC
0.8 lagging
Improved pf of the circuit, o
cos =

Tan cos 0.8 = 0.75

SAYO.s lano
A o Since = Tan
R

8-
So 2 TC 0.75

or
8-6x0.75 3.5 Q
T e i s 2 7fC
= 909.4568 uF Ans.
or C 27fx35 2 x 50x 33.5
0.8 lagging, as
the coil so as to raise the pY of supply current to
Let a capacitor ofcapacitance Cbe connected across 8
shown in Fig. 7.18.
-w-000
R 0.06 S
Conductance of coil, G
+X6+8
Fig.7.18
X 8
= 0.08 S (inductive)
Susceptance of coil, B, R? +X 6+8
L4pacitive susceptance of capacitor C, Be = 21TJC

oe beSince D =Tan
Example 8.18 ol
For the circuit shown below, determine
)Resonant frequency. beonro
() Total impedance of the circuit at resonance.
(ii) Bandwidth
v) Quality factor. Technical Univ. Elec. Engineering First Semester
2005-06]
Solution: R 25 2, L 0.5 H and C 5x 10- F
= = =
p0e0136 3ert ho tisde bor 5 F
0.5 H
bec Os (i)Resonant frequency,f = 1 1 R2 Hz
12
27tVLC

25 H z
270.5x5x10106 (0.5 = 100.34 Hz Ans. Fig. 8.15

(i) Impedance of the circuit at resonance,

ce,ZZ =
= =
0.5
CR
4 , 0 0 0 2 Ans.
5x10 x 25
R 25
(iin)Bandwidth =
27tL
=
7.958 Hz Ans.
2Tx 0.5

(iv) Quality factor, Q 1 0.5

RVc 255x =12.65 Ans.
255x10
106
 Ans.
Example 5.13
consists of R = 35 Q in series with
e are 200 V unknown impedance Z, for a sinusoid current
across R and Z together and 150 V
across of 2 A, the
impedance Z. Find the
impedance 7. observed
v

Solution: Voltage across resistance R, V, =IR 2x

[G.G.S.ILP. Univ. Delhi Electrical Seience
=
35 =70 V May-June 2009
Voltage across impedance, Z, Vz 150 V
=

Supply voltage, V =200 v

2A R 350
R

MPEDANCEE
www. WO000
From A OAB shown in Fig. 5.11(b), we have
VaVa Vz-150V-
OB2 =OA + AB?+2x OAx AB x cos

orCos = OB-OA - AB2 -o 200V o

2xOA x AB (a)
V 200
V
200-70 -150 = 0.6
2x 70 x150

Impedance,Z =Z = 75
Resistance of impedance Z,
R, = Z cos 6 7 5 x 0.6 = 45 Q Ans.
o VR 70V A IR,=90V
Reactance of coil, X, =yz2 R} =V75-45
-
=
60 Q Ans.
(6)
Fig.5.11
6. The equation of an alternatingcurrent i =42.42 sin 628 () maximumvalue (in)
t. Determine its (i) frequency rms value

v) average value (v) form factor. Pb. Univ. Elements of Electrical Engineering December 1988)
[Ans. () 42.42 A ii) 100 Hz (iii) 30 A (iv) 27 A (V) 1.11)
C Eplain achve Dee Deachve_ powersand ea Doue-

uatlaci Coil