EE1012 Electrical Engineering

Semester 1
2019
Section 5: Alternating Current (AC) Theory
By
Dr. Saranga K. Abeygunawardane

1
Announcement:

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please write your Name, Group & Contact
No.in the papers provided at the end of the
lecture for next Sandroo

2
5.3 Impedance and Admittance in an
AC circuit
• For an AC circuit, impedance Z is
complex.

In Cartesian form
–Real part-Resistance (R)
–Imaginary part-Reactance (X)
• Impedance is measured in ohms(Ω)
3
• Admittance (Y) is the inverse of the
impedance.

In Cartesian form
–Real part-Conductance (G)
–Imaginary part-Susceptance (B)
• Admittance is measured in siemens (S)
• Note:
1 1
𝐺≠ , 𝐵≠
𝑅 𝑋
 5.4 Impedance and Admittance of
Simple Circuit Elements
Resistor

Let be the reference

wave.
I
𝐼𝑚 Reference
Let =𝐼 direction
ϕ0
2 6
Inductor
Let
be the reference waveform.
where L is the self inductance.

VL I
ϕ0

Reference
direction

v(t) leads the reference waveform i(t) by 𝝅/𝟐.

For convenience I is drawn horizontally as
follows. VL
i.e. rotate the phasor diagram
for your input (I) to lie along
the reference direction. I
By comparing eqn (1) with Ohm’s Law, V = IR , it
is seen that XL is the opposition the inductor
offers to the current flow at  .
It is called the inductive reactance and is
measured in Ω .
Capacitor

Let
I I
-ve
ϕ0 
Reference 2

Vc
Vc
E.g. 1
In a series RC circuit R = 3.3 kΩ , C= 2.2 μF and
i(t) = 4.73 Sin (240 t + 750) mA . Find the total
impedance of the circuit in Cartesian and polar
forms.
Comparing i(t) = 4.73 Sin (240 t + 750) mA with
the general form, i(t) = Im Sin (ωt + φ);
ω = 240 rad/s
capacitive reactance;

= 1894 Ω
Total impedance of the circuit;
Z = ZR + Zc

= 3300 – j 1894 Ω (Cartesian form)

E.g. 2
A series RLC circuit is connected to
v(t) =24 sin (1000 t + 200).
If R=15 Ω, L= O.I H and C=12 μF , find the total
impedance of the circuit in Cartesian and polar
forms.
v(t) = 24 sin (1000 t + 2000)
ω = 1000 rad/s
For a series RLC circuit,

Z=15+j(1000×0.1-1/(1000×12×10-6))
Z=15+j 16.67 Ω (Cartesian form)
= 𝟏𝟓𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟕𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟑
𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟕
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 =
𝟏𝟓

𝜽 = 𝟒𝟖𝟎

Z=22.43 𝟒𝟖𝟎 Ω (Polar form)

E.g. 3
At ω = 1000 rad/s E lags I.
Circuit is capacitive.
E.g. 4
 V 100  j150

100  j1504.5  j12
Z 
I 4.5  j12 4.5  j124.5  j12
2250  j 525
  13.6986  j 3.1963
164.25
 13.7  j 3.2

Z  13.6986  3.1963  14.07

2 2
 1 1
Y 
Z 13.7  j 3.2


1 13.7  j 3.2
13.7  j3.2 13.7  j3.2
 0.0692  j 0.0162  0.07  j 0.02

Y  0.07  0.02  0.071

2 2
Or
I 4.5  j12
Y 
V 100  j150


4.5  j12100  j150
 0.0692  j 0.0162
100  j150100  j150
 0.07  j 0.02

Y  0.0692  0.0162  0.071

2 2
Or