Course: Compulsory English-I (1423)

Semester: Autumn, 2020

ASSIGNMENT No. 2
Q.1 In Unit 5, you have learnt about two language functions, which are expressing certainty, and
expressing obligation. Write 5 sentences to express each language function.
1. EXPRESSING OBLIGATION
A.) Obligations can be strong that indicating rules or necessities Eg. Need to, must and have to.
Examples:
a) You must do your homework.
b) You need to apologize to Charles for breaking his glass.
c) Anne has to pay for the ride.
B.) An obligation can also be weak expressing an advice Eg. Should, Ought to
Examples:
a) You should finish your homework before going to bed.
b) You ought to write a letter of Thanksgiving whenever you receive assistance.
2) EXPRESSING CERTAINTY
The following words can be used to express certainty: sure, certain, convinced, know and no doubt.
Examples:
A) I am sure he is an honest man.
B) I am certain Anne will arrive on time.
C) I know Imelda will do the report.
D) I am convinced that he is up to the task.
E) I have no doubt that the class will do well in the coming exams.
Q.2 Given below is a job advertisement. Suppose you intend to apply for the said post, how would you
write an application? What details you would like to add to make yourself as the most suitable
candidate for the post?

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 Course: Compulsory English-I (1423)
Semester: Autumn, 2020

Your name
Address:
Contact details:
Email address:
Date: MM/ DD/ YYYY
Employer's name:
Designation:
Company's name:
Address:
Mr. / Mrs. (Employer's name),
I am writing to express my keen interest on the web content writer position in your company. I would like to
present my CV with this regards. Having good verbal skills and writing style, I believe to become as asset to
your organization. Original content and quick turnaround time is something I can offer you.
My experience and knowledge that I have gained in the past five years will be an added advantage to your
company. During this span of time, I was responsible to write web content for some particular websites and
portals. I was involved with management responsibilities as well. I have expertise in the management and
development of different websites. I believe content writers form the basic element of any website and hence
their responsibilities are also very important. I have worked with a qualified team of the search engine
optimizers (SEO) and provided them with good quality articles that would bring huge traffic to the website.. I
have also worked in a number of departments and developed the good content related to application and other
forms.

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 Course: Compulsory English-I (1423)
Semester: Autumn, 2020
I am flexible and have good business relationships with the people I work with. Writing had always been fun for
me. I can think differently. Moreover, I am open to learning new concepts, which I believe helps me in the
growth of my career.
I know what it takes to be a good writer and bring success at article marketing. I am looking forward to meet
you and discuss on this further. I can be reached at (insert contact details) or simply email me at (mention email
address).
Sincerely,
Your name:
Q.3 Write a brief and concise paragraph to express your appreciation and thankfulness to any of your
siblings who played a key role in your personality development.
Lahore
12 Dec, 2020
Dear Sibling,
Thank you again for meeting with me today. I truly enjoyed our conversation and gained valuable insights into
content strategy and building personality in me.
I’ve already investigated the classes you suggested, as well as the writer’s union, and will continue working on
building my own personality brand using your (extremely helpful!) advice.
As you said during our chat, you really can’t learn everything you need to know about this industry in school.
I’m extremely grateful that you took the time to steer me in the right direction and develop personality in me.
Thanks again, and best regards,
Your Sibling,
Noaman
Q.4 Write a descriptive paragraph based on a cultural festival you have recently attended. The objective
should be to create a vivid image of the festival. Write a catchy topic sentence, add relevant
supporting details and end it conclusively. Your paragraph should be both cohesive and coherent.

A festival is an event, which is organized by the people for the period of times. In one ancient Egyptian festival
in the 12th century BC, over 11000 loaves of bread and nearly 400 jars of beer were made available to the
public. Original festivals and feasts were part of a larger ritual belief, largely determined by lunar or solar
cycles. When grains germinate and produce more grains, year after year, humans thankfully reacted with owe
and admiration in order to guarantee the following harvest. Most Ancient festivals were religious, while others
were royal, like the Libyan-Egyptian Sad festival which celebrated the thirtieth year of the pharaoh’s rule.
Ramesses III   established his own festival to celebrate his victory over the Libyans who attempted to regain
control over the conquered land. Nowadays, most festivals, except the religious ones, became automated and

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 Course: Compulsory English-I (1423)
Semester: Autumn, 2020
occur according to a fixed day of the year, regardless of the position of the heavenly bodies or the period they
supposed to celebrate.
To accomplish this task, It has been chosen two countries for describe. First one is Pakistan and another last one
is Libya. Pakistan and Libya is the midlist country of the world. In general these two countries are very close to
the many festivals but they have much difference as well. In general the countries are same about the religious
festival. In order to complete this task of will compare three topics about origin, celebration and significant.
Religious festival is the most common festival of all over the world. The entire nation in the world organizes the
festival. Pakistan is a Muslim country; they have a huge history about the religious festival. According to the
Muslim history the Pakistan has two major Religious festivals first one is the Eid-ul-Fitr and another one is the
Eid ul Azha. They has many other festivals such as miladunnabi, Lilatul barat.
The Pakistan’s celebrates their religious festival. On that day they invite their neighbor relatives and their
friends. Especially on the EID day they invite their friends by the EID cards. They pray their prayer and
complete their all religious function.
Q.5 Write a letter of apology to your father and explain the reasons of not coming up to his expectations
as you could not obtain good marks in the final examinations of 1st semester of BA/BS.
Dear Father,
I am writing to apologize for not being at your expectations on good marks. I know these are important,
especially when we are making plans for the better future. Unfortunately, a delay kept me from good marking.
The reason I was not well prepare exam due to late buying of books so I can’t cover my syllabus and can’t good
marks in BA/BSC 1st Semester.
I have followed up to make sure I have not all the information related exam syllabus. Ali is going to provide me
with the forecast and Adnan will be sending me the minutes.
Again, I am sincerely sorry that I was unable to obtain good marks and hope you understand the circumstances.
Yours son,
Noaman
Q.6 Suppose one of your friend is interested in seeking admission in one of the programs offered by
AIOU and needs your consultation in this regard. What practical suggestions and or advice you
would give him/her to be successful at blended mode of learning?
Like many simple concepts, blended learning has almost unlimited variations.
Face-to-face interactions can include:
 Lecturing a large group.
 Breaking into groups of varying sizes for discussion, brainstorming, role-playing, or projects.
 One-on-one coaching or feedback.
Digital experiences can include:
 Written materials.

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 Course: Compulsory English-I (1423)
Semester: Autumn, 2020
 Videos.
 Interactive scenarios.
 Demonstrations or simulations.
 Online discussion groups.
 Peer reviews.
To make it even more confusing, there is no bright line between face-to-face and digital experiences. Most of
what you can do face-to-face you can also do online and vice versa.
So how do you create the right blend in blended learning in order to have the right balance of in-person and
digital experiences?
There is no secret formula. Every learning situation is unique. But here are 8 tips to help you analyze your
training needs to start planning how to get the right blend in blended learning and create blended experiences
that will have the greatest impact.
1. Analyze Your Audience
 Where are they? If learners are geographically separated, you may need to rely almost entirely on
digital experiences. Even if learners are not literally face-to-face, you can use tools like online
meetings and discussion boards to facilitate real-time interaction even with a physical distance.
 How many learners will be involved in each learning experience? The larger the group, the more
important it is to factor in small-group and one-on-one activities to involve those who otherwise
might get lost in the shuffle.
 How tech-savvy are the learners? Are they used to communicating and collaborating online? If not,
you might need to build in some game-like icebreakers to get them comfortable with the technology.
2. Analyze Your Content
 What do you want people to know? If there’s background information people need to learn either
before the first face-to-face session or at various points during the learning experience, it’s often best
to put that information online. Learners can absorb articles, videos, interactive scenarios, and
demonstrations on their own, then arrive with the knowledge they need for in-person activities.
 What do you want people to be able to do? Group activities like discussions, brainstorming or hands-
on session in the classroom and workplace can help build skills. Factor in some time for coaching
and feedback, both peer-based and instructor-led.
 What do you want people to demonstrate? How can learners prove they have mastered the material
and can apply it to their jobs? Should testing be group-based, individual or both? Online testing at
various points throughout the training is a great way to capture benchmarks and record progress.

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 Course: Compulsory English-I (1423)
Semester: Autumn, 2020
3. Make Training Relevant To Adult Learners
 Adult learners are practical and goal-oriented; they bring varied life experiences and apply them to
what they are learning. Every segment of blended learning should lead toward the adult learner’s
goal: To improve skills and knowledge that apply directly to their jobs.
4. Balance Alone Time, One-On-One Time And Group Time
 The best training gives people opportunities to digest and reflect about what they’re learning, as well
as time with others to discuss, debate and generate new ideas and synergies.
 Switching back and forth between modes can keep learning fresh and engaging.
5. Combine Formal And Informal Learning
 Formal learning is measured by tests and benchmarks.
 Informal learning involves building teams, coming up with new ideas, applying existing knowledge
in new ways, etc.
 Build in ways to test and track all types of learning so you can tell if your training is succeeding.
6. Build On The Strengths Of Each Medium
Which is better for each of these areas - web-based training or in-person? It depends on your material, the tech
skills of your learners, their schedules, and many other variables. The point is that you should consider all of
these areas and then decide, for your situation, whether the task is best done online or face-to-face.
 Individual – reading, digesting, thinking, musing.
 One-on-one – coaching, feedback, answering questions.
 Group – discussing, applying, creating, synergizing.
 Capturing ideas and building consensus.
 Tracking progress.
7. Consider a Wide Spectrum of Strategies
Map strategies to your content, then consider whether they should be online, one-on-one, small group, or large
group. Here are just a few strategies to consider:
 Role play.
 Case study/scenario.
 Concept mapping/mind mapping.
 Peer evaluation.
 Games.
 Problem solving/branching.
 Brainstorming.
 Debates.
 Reflection.
 Absorbing content (reading, video, infographics, demonstrations).

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 Course: Compulsory English-I (1423)
Semester: Autumn, 2020
 Simulation.
8. Leverage The Experience Of A Partner
You’ve probably realized by now that creating blended learning isn’t a matter of applying a template to every
learning situation. Creating the right blend in blended learning requires carefully analyzing your content, your
learners, your technology, your needs, and many other factors.
Creating effective blended learning is a skill -or more accurately, a set of multiple skills- that improve with
practice. Building a blended training program requires teamwork not only from those who know the topic, but
also from analysts, learning specialists, technology whizzes, even artists and designers. It makes sense to
leverage the skills of people who’ve done it before.
Q.7 Write a detailed persuasive essay on the following topic. Use of Public Transport
In the current scenario, the world is facing the biggest challenges in the shape of global warming and
atmospheric pollution. Both these factors are contributing to climate change that has a negative impact on the
global climate. After the research of several decades, now it has been proved that all such happenings are due to
the emission of greenhouse gases, which are primarily caused by the excessive use of personal transportation.
Big cities have started feelings about the negative impacts of greenhouse gases in different forms.
Meteorologists, climate experts, and researchers are highlighting that the best option to reverse the trend is to
adopt public transportation in place of personal cars. The public transportation includes various modes of
transport like bus, train, light rail, tram, and metro systems. Due to the significance of this issue, writing a
public transportation essay has been becoming a regular feature in many academic institutes.
If you are a student at a high school or college level, then you can never avoid your writing assignment. Go
through the following list of advantages and disadvantages. It will enable you to write a good essay on bus
transportation in the end. A few salient benefits of bus transportation are listed below:
Less Stress
This is the leading benefit of bus transportation. While driving personal transport, you feel more pressure in
terms of safety, time, and cost; however, while traveling on a bus, you are free of many stressful factors. Thus,
include the stress factor in your transportation essay introduction right in the beginning.
Cost-Effectiveness
Valuable money can be saved by opting for buses as a mode of travel. In case you use a personal car for
transportation, you have to pay lots of amounts related to fuel, maintenance, and parking expenditures.
Enjoy Your Journey
While using the bus as transportation, you are absolutely free to enjoy your journey. You no need to drive,
rather put your head on the back of the seat to have rest, read any interesting book, or watching the beautiful
passing scenes. Even you may interact with other passengers, make new friends, and learn from their
experiences. Not but not the least, open up your mobile and enjoy any movie or social media chat with your
dear ones.

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 Course: Compulsory English-I (1423)
Semester: Autumn, 2020
Less Pollution
A bus is more environmental-friendly mode of transportation. If everybody opts to use personal cars for
transportation, of course, it will create huge amount of pollution in the atmosphere, resulting in global warming
and climate change. However, buses can handle a mass at a time, causing less use of individual vehicles and
thus contributes to less emission of pollutant particles in the atmosphere.
Every picture, event, or technology has two faces. same here with bus transportation too. If your tutor asks you
to write an essay about the transportation problem with respect to its negative impacts on society, no need to
worry. The following guideline will help you to understand the disadvantages of bus transportation in this era.
Over Crowded Traveling
On certain occasions, you may find additional passengers are onboard on the bus you are traveling. This over-
crowded scenario may create anxiety, tension, and stress in you. if you are short-tempered, then this situation
may turn you hyper, causing high blood pressure in you.
Wastage of Time and Effort
On your personal transport, you are your own boss, but in case of a public bus, you have to compromise on
schedule. Sometimes, you have to wait for long hours for a particular route or destination.
Discomfort Feeling
While traveling on the bus, you cannot choose a suitable route for yourself. Moreover, you cannot stop the bus
with your own will. You are totally dependent on the bus schedule and route.
Uncertainty of Time
One of the shortcomings of bus transportation is time uncertainty. Sometimes the buses get late in timely
departure and arrival at some particular destination. Thus, the element of uncertainty is always there.