Professional Documents
Culture Documents
in Context
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Principles of Effective Speech
Writing and Delivery
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Oral Communication
in Context
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Principles of Effective Speech
Writing and Delivery
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Know
Directions: Read each item carefully then choose the letter that corresponds to
your answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
4. What term denotes the smooth transition of one sentence to another or one
paragraph to another?
A. duration C. logical organization
B. grammatical correctness D. word choice
12.What method of speech organization is like going from one place to another,
or from one direction to another?
A. Spatial Order C. Chronological Order
B. Causal Order D. Categorical Order
15. Which pair can help a writer ensure that words are used
correctly? I. almanac IV. dictionary
II. thesaurus V. journal
III. bibliography VI. encyclopedia
How do you think one should prepare for his or her speech? What will you consider
in selecting the topic for your speech? In this section, you will learn techniques and
methods on how to make your own speech. We are going to look closely at how you
can write a speech masterpiece, starting with how you should analyze your target
audience up to refining your speech as to logical organization, word
choice and grammatical correctness.
What’s In
In the previous module, you discovered how a shift in speech context, speech style,
speech act and communicative strategy affect the language form, duration of
interaction, relationship with the speaker and the roles and responsibility of the
speaker, content of message and delivery.
Your previous activities let you explore the importance of the speech in variety of
occasions and settings. This time, you will discover the complexities of speech
communication in formal writing through writing a speech.
What’s New
In this lesson, we will use what you have learned in the previous module in a more
formal context. You will start to compose your formal speech, but before that,
answer this given activity by writing TRUE if you think the statement is correct. If
not, write FALSE.
What is It
A good speech requires days or even weeks of preparation depending on the topic
and the availability of materials needed. While many are expert enough to compose
their speech a night before they deliver it, seldom that it became very successful for
a beginner writer. For this reason, careful planning is important to come up with a
well-written speech.
1. Audience Profile
Knowing your audience specifically their general age, gender, educational
level, religion, language, culture and group membership is one of the most
important aspects in developing your speech. Basically, this is done so that you can
tailor-fit your speech content and delivery to your audience.
Analyzing your audience will help you discover the information you can use
to build a
connection
between you
and members
of your
audience.
✓ Who
is the
audience?
✓ How many?
Age Bracket
Gender
Educational Background
Marital Status
Language spoken
Religious Affiliations/Beliefs
2. Logical Organization
Once you have already analyzed your target audience, the next part is to
organize your speech manuscript. The logical organization or arrangement of
thoughts when it comes to speech writing can be defined as all aspects of your
writing that help the reader move smoothly from one sentence to the next, and from
one paragraph to another. Thus, carefully planning the content of your speech is
also necessary.
The written speech has three parts: the introduction, body and conclusion.
The role of introduction and conclusion is mostly similar in many speeches, that is,
the introduction presents the main idea of your speech, while the conclusion
The Introduction
The introduction is the most crucial part of the speech. It is generally only 10 to
15 percent of the time the speaker spends speaking. According to Wrench (2012), a
good introduction serves five functions: (1) you should be able to gain audience
attention and interest, (2) it states the purpose of your speech, (3) it establishes
your credibility, (4) it should provide reasons for your audience to listen and (5)
your introduction should preview the main idea of your speech.
The Body
The body of the speech is the core part of the speech that addresses the main
ideas and principles of the speech. It consists of the main points. This is presented
using methods of organization (Flores, 2016).
Contrast although, yet, but, despite that even so, even though, for
all that, however, in contrast, in spite of, instead,
nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, on one
hand-on the other hand, otherwise, regardless, still,
though
Emphasis certainly, indeed, in fact, of course
Time after a while, afterward, again, and then, as long as, at last,
Sequence at length, at that time, before, earlier, eventually, finally,
first, formerly, in the past, last, lately, meanwhile, next,
now, presently, second, shortly, simultaneously, since, so
far, soon, still, subsequently, then, thereafter, until, until
now, when
The Conclusion
After writing the body of your speech following the methods of organization,
the last thing that you need to work on is how to end it.
❖ Present a summary
• Thought-provoking questions
• Humor
• Quotation
No matter how long the speech is, always divide it into five parts: an introduction, the body
(paragraph 2, paragraph 3, and paragraph 4) and a8 CO_Q3_Personal Development SHS
Module 1
conclusion. This format is adaptable to a speech of almost any length. By doing
this, you can actually monitor the time and length of your speech or the so-called
Duration. Most experts say that the ideal length of speech is up to 20 minutes.
(Gray Grant, 2017).
4. Word Choice
There are a lot of vocabularies available to describe one's idea. However, the
speaker should carefully use the correct word in writing the speech. The use of
conversational language helps put the audience feel at ease and creates a special
bond between the speaker and the audience. However, there are things that you
should consider in choosing your words.
For example, the word idiopathic (which means unknown cause) and
hyperventilate (rapid breathing) are jargons because they are technical terms
in medical fields. The word affidavit (sworn) and circumstantial (specific
details) are heard commonly in legal aspect or terms in in the field of Law.
These words can be confusing if you are speaking in front of a general crowd
or audience.
5. Grammatical Correctness
What’s More
IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Identify the terms being referred to in the following statements. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
_______________ 3. It is the core part of the speech that offers definitions, examples,
or any information that can help you convey your intent and clarify
the main concept of your speech.
_______________ 4. Its first major aim is to gain the attention of your audience and to
make them interested in what you have to say.
_______________ 5. It functions as the summarizer of the entire speech content.
_______________ 6. When dealing with speech duration, the average length of speech
according to many experts is around____ minutes.
_______________7. These terms should be avoided in writing a speech because these
are intended only for a specific group of people and can never be
understood by the general audience.
2. If you are going to write a speech about the advantage of Home Schooling and
the utilization of Social Media platforms in the learning continuity of students
like you, what are the possible points that you will tackle in the body of your
speech? Give at least three (3) main points.
3. What do you think will possibly happen if the speaker unconsciously put
some jargons and technical terms in his or her speech or committed
grammatical errors or inconsistencies while writing his/her speech?
What I Can Do
Given the situations below, write a speech considering all the different principles
of effective speech writing. It should have at least between 800 to 1,500 words.
Please be guided by the rubric provided in the next page. (use separate sheet of
paper in writing your speech)
Situation no. 2. Your DRRM teacher asked you to deliver a speech on how and
what to prepare during pandemic.
1. Which of the following components of speech writing requires you to look into
the profile of your target audience?
A. Audience Analysis C. Data Gathering
B. Audience Evaluation D. Selecting a topic
2. Which of the following components of speech writing refers to all the aspects
of your writing that help the reader move smoothly from one sentence to the
next, and from one paragraph to another?
A. Audience Analysis C. Logical Organization
B. Data Gathering D. Sentence Construction
3. Which of the following is NOT part of the five functions of good introduction?
A. Establish credibility
B. Gain audience attention and interest
C. Narrow down a topic
D. State the purpose of your speech
11.Which of the following methods of speech divides the topic into subtopics
based on the importance or interest value or simply because the topic
requires it?
A. Categorical/ Topical Oder C. Comparison and Contrast
B. Chronological Order D. Spatial/Geographical Order
12.Which of the following methods of speech requires the speaker to go from one
place to another, from one direction to another?
A. Categorical/ Topical Oder C. Comparison and Contrast
B. Chronological Order D. Spatial/Geographical Order
Additional Activities
Using one of your final outputs on the “What I Can Do” activity, analyze the process
and content of your speech by answering the questions given below. Use separate
sheet to answer this activity
Questions
1. What are the things you consider in writing your own speech?
2. Can you consider your speech effective? Why or Why not?
5. Upon evaluating the totality of your speech, do you think there are still parts
to be improved? What will you do to improve it?
What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Professor Lois often focuses on the clarity of his words, pronunciation, and
message or __________to effectively teach his students.
A. articulation C. stage presence
B. modulation D. rapport
2. As a comedian, Kiko observes __________ as he adjusts the volume and pitch
of his voice in order to effectively crack his jokes in front of the audience. A.
facial expression C. stage presence
B. rapport D. modulation
3. Marie, who is a public speaking trainer, always reminds her student to
develop __________ by dressing appropriately and observing good posture. A.
modulation C. rapport
B. stage presence D. facial expression
4. The president often accompanies his speech with body movements which is
also known as __________ to better deliver his message to the television
viewers.
A. facial expression C. stage presence
B. rapport D. gesture
5. Luis Manzano demonstrates good connection or __________ with the
audience members of his top-rated game show.
A. gesture C. articulation
B. rapport D. modulation
6. Adjusting your volume to the size of the audience and the venue is part of
enhancing __________.
A. facial expression C. stage presence
B. modulation D. gesture
7. Avoiding fillers or expressions that substitute actual words ( “like,” “um,” “ah,”
“uh,” and “er”) in your speech is part of good __________.
A. rapport C. articulation
B. gesture D. modulation
8. Swaying back and forth, leaning on the podium, biting your lips, playing
with your wristwatch or jewelry, scratching parts of your body, and others
are examples of mannerism or inappropriate __________.
A. articulation C. gesture
B. rapport D. facial expression
Have you ever experienced or imagined yourself speaking before a huge crowd?
Have you not dreamt of becoming an effective speaker where your listeners are
mindful and persuaded of what you say?
Certainly, there is no shortcut recipe for being a good speaker. Indeed, nothing is
automatic; you must make it happen. This module has lesson that will serve you
that purpose i.e., to become a good speaker. Luckily, there are some tools and
principles that can be helpful to you in presenting and delivering your speech like a
pro. Discover yourself as a great speaker and be ready to see its wonders as you see
it come to pass.
What’s In
It is important that you master the previous lesson on the use of principles for
effective speech because you will find them applicable in achieving the target
competency in this module. You have learned that an effective written speech
constitutes various principles such as audience profile, logical organization,
duration, word choice, and grammatical correctness. In any event, when you realize
your messages are solid and clearly explained on paper, it is hard to know without a
doubt that your oral delivery will likewise be acceptable.
Notes to the Teacher
You may give various exercises to your learners in trying to deliver
their crafted speech. Try to involve the class in assessing the
performances of their classmates using the set of criteria for
effective speech.
What’s New
Photo Story
Story telling is important in keeping your audience engaged and informed of
what you are trying to share. To make you practice developing your narratives,
below are interesting photos or memes. Choose one from the photos below. Create a
story about it. Try to discuss your story, the people involved, their situation, their
aspirations, their motivations, their actions, and anything that will build up your
story about them.
Use the message of your story in delivering a speech to persuade and inspire
others to live a purpose driven life. Please note that your teacher will ask you to
present your story by reading it aloud. Make sure that your delivery is clear and
persuasive.
AB
C
D
1. I utilize a
conversational style in
my discourse.
2. I establish and
maintain eye contact
effectively.
4. I vary my speed.
5. I modulate my voice.
7. I pronounce words
correctly.
8. I avoid mannerisms or
distracting movements.
9. I try to sound
interesting.
TOTAL:
GRAND TOTAL: /30
Scoring Score:
Language of Proficiency
Usually – 3 points
Sometimes – 2 points 28-30
Seldom – 1 point Advanced
Never – 0 25-27
Proficient
23-24
Approaching Proficiency
21-22
Developing
20 and below
Beginning
What is It
Do you wish to become a great speaker? Good news! This module discusses the
principles and tools of effective
speech delivery to help you achieve
that purpose.
Articulation
People always judge how well you speak in general. The perceived intellect or
education is sometimes used to measure how well you articulate. The instance on
how well and precisely you form vowels and consonants using your lips, tongue,
jaw, and palate to form the sounds to speak is crucial in making your message get
crossed. On the same idea, diction and enunciation are other forms of articulation.
For example, saying “going to” instead of “gonna” or “want to” instead of
“wanna” are instances of good versus poor articulation. Proper diction in
articulation is important in speaking which needs a lot of practice.
Modulation
This happens when you control or adjust the tone or volume of your voice as
you try to lower your voice to a loud whisper in order to get the attention of your
audience as they find your message more appealing, dramatic and mysterious.
Modulation has various meanings, such as a change of key in music or of the
sound of a person's voice.
The speaker’s ability to get and secure the audience's interest in listening to
him / her through his or her presentation style refers to stage presence. Every time
the speaker faces his audience, he is encouraged to keep his poise, posture,
gestures, and movements since they may make or break the presentation.
Facial expressions
Facial expressions are essential in setting the emotional tone for a speech. It is
helpful that facial expressions jive with the message being delivered. To achieve the
positive tone of the speaker before he begins, he simply must glance at the audience
and smile. A smile may be simple, but its value is indispensable in communicating
friendliness, openness, and confidence. In addition, facial expressions communicate
various types of emotions which reflect the speaker’s moods and personality traits.
For instance, mix of many facial expressions can communicate the speaker’s
feelings, excitement, frustration, confusion, sadness, confidence, aspiration,
happiness, etc. Even if the audience does not feel bored, for example, a slack
blank face may give the audience the impression that the speaker is bored with
his own speech or that the entire message is uninteresting and boring.
Arm and hand movements constitute gesture. We all may have developed our
native culture and we tend to internalize them as we speak. Becoming fluent in a
language is part of this process. On the other hand, we also become fluent in non
verbal communication through our gestures. We all use hand gestures while we
speak, but we didn’t ever go to any class in learning how to match our verbal
communication with the appropriate gestures; we just internalized on these norms
as a result of long period of time based on observation later incorporate them as we
speak. By this point in your life, you have a whole vocabulary of hand movements
and gestures that spontaneously come out while you’re speaking. Some of these
gestures are emphatic and some are descriptive (Koch, 2007).
Movement of the whole body, instead of just gesturing with hands, is appropriate
in a speech. It is suggested that starting speakers hold off attempting to fuse body
What’s More
Now that you already know that some skills and speech challenges will require
greater expertise to learn, mastery of these skills of speech delivery on the other
hand will make you more confident. Note the speaking skills exercises. You can
practice these out loud and you can practice them in your imagination.
4. Modulation happens when you control or adjust the tone or volume of your
voice as you try to lower your voice to a loud whisper in order to get the
attention of your audience.
TRUE FALSE
9. The speaker’s ability to get and secure the audience's interest in listening
to him / her through his or her presentation style refers to facial expression.
TRUE FALSE
10. The instance on how well and precisely you form vowels and consonants
using your lips, tongue, jaw, and palate to form the sounds to speak is
crucial in making your message get across.
TRUE FALSE
Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by giving your answers
on the blank in the graphic organizer.
__________________________
It is the formation of clear and distinct sounds in
Y
speech.
R
E
__________________________
V
I
It is a change of key in music or of the sound of
L
E
a person's voice.
D
C
__________________________
E
It is the ability to get and secure the audience's
E
P
interest in listening to presentation.
S
I
__________________________
T
C
It helps enhance the verbal content of our speech.
E
__________________________
O
This helps the speaker express himself with the
F
use of is body.
S
O
__________________________
T
This happens when you have everything in
concordance or harmony.
What were your thoughts or ideas about the principles of speech delivery prior to
the discussion of the lesson?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
What new or additional ideas did you learn after taking up this lesson?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
What I Can Do
Speak Up!
To have an excellent presentation, your delivery matters even more than what you
say, and this exercise helps you refine it. Given below are lines from a speech of
President Emilio Aguinaldo, practice saying it aloud in front of your family as
though you’re giving a speech. Rate yourself using the given rubric and pay
attention to your tone, inflections, and generally how you can use your voice to
create more interest.
Consistent effective eye Effective eye contact Eye contact is present Minimal eye contact
contact that commands that supports audience but may not be made with audience; some
audience involvement involvement consistently with all reading of content
members of the
audience
Outstanding variations Effective variations in Effective rate, volume, Some rate or volume
in rate, volume, tone, rate, volume, tone, and tone, and voice inadequacies; little
and voice inflection voice inflection inflection variation in tone and
voice inflection
Superior fluent delivery Strong use of nonverbal Appropriate use of Inconsistent use of
and exceptional use of techniques nonverbal techniques appropriate nonverbal
nonverbal techniques techniques
Score:
20-25 Promising Public Speaker
15-19 Capable to be a Public Speaker
10-14 Developing to be a Public Speaker
5-9 Beginning to be a Public Speaker
Assessment
I. True or False. Read each statement carefully and write TRUE if it is correct
and FALSE if it is wrong.
II. Apply the principles of effective delivery by choosing the appropriate action
from the options below that the speaker should do for each situation. Write
the letter of your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
11. As the CEO of the company approaches the stage, the audience is
astonished with how dignified he is that everyone becomes eager to
hear his message.
12. Not a single person among the audience was bored listening to the
speech even though the message was a bit lengthy. The speaker was
truly dynamic.
14.Leslie did a great job during her campaign for SSG president. She was
able to adjust her voice according to the number of students in the
classrooms that they went in to campaign.
15. Magda was invited as a resource speaker for an event in a school.
She learned from the teacher that her audience would be pupils from
Kinder and Grade 1 so she prepared a short speech for her talk.
Additional Activities
I. Evaluate a speech using the assessment tool below. You may choose one of the
following materials:
• A speech that you can vividly recall from an event you have attended (ex.
recognition, graduation, or a seminar)
Yes No
1. Did the speaker adjust to the audience size and venue size?
II. Using your knowledge on effective speech delivery, list down what a speaker
must do and must not do when preparing for and delivering a speech
through a graphic organizer in a separate sheet of paper.
9. B
8. A
7. C
6. B
5. False
4. True
3. False
2. True
TRUE 20. 1. False
FALSE 19.
TRUE 18.
Assessment
FALSE 17.
TRUE 16.
TRUE 15. C 25.
TRUE 14. D 24.
TRUE 13. D 23.
Answer TRUE 12.
TRUE 11.
B 22.
C 21.
Key B 20.
What's More D 19.
C 18. What I Know Rapport 6.
C 17. Movement 5.
B 16. Expressions
B 15. Facial 4.
D 14. Stage Presence 3. Modulation 2.
B 13. Articulation 1.
D 12.
A 11. Learned
What I Have
Flores, Ramona. Oral Communication in Context. Sampaloc Manila: Rex Book Store,
Inc, 2016.
Lucas, Stephen. (2009). The art of public speaking (9th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill,
p. 244.
Oregon Department of Education Office of Assessment and Information Services,
“Speaking Official Scoring Guide”, Adopted 2011,
https://www.oregon.gov/ode/educatorresources/essentialskills/
Documents/ spkingscorguides1112.pd
Rothschild, Mike. “The Best Presidential Speeches of All Time”, Ranker, December
10, 2019, https://www.ranker.com/list/greatest-presidential
speeches/mike-rothschild
Tandoc, Shiela. Oral Communication for Senior High School. Manila: Mindshapers
Co., Inc., 2016.