Colegio tecnológico cristiano Prof.

Justo
Gonzales Carrasco

teacher: Elvis Merlos

subject: Ingles

students:
· Fernando Gutiérrez
Ariel Hernández

Delivery date: 26/06/22

 Fossil fuel’s
Fossil fuels are a source of energy that comes from the decomposition of organic matter
from animals, plants and microorganisms, and whose transformation process takes
millions of years. They are classified into three types – oil, coal and natural gas – and
according to the United Nations, they comprise 80% of the current demand for primary
energy globally.

81 percent of the total energy used in the United States comes from coal, oil, and
natural gas. This is the energy that is used to heat and provide electricity to homes
and businesses and to run cars and factories. Unfortunately, fossil fuels are a
nonrenewable resource and waiting millions of years for new coal, oil, and natural
gas deposits to form is not a realistic solution. Fossil fuels are also responsible for
almost three-fourths of the emissions from human activities in the last 20 years.
Now, scientists and engineers have been looking for ways to reduce our
dependence on fossil fuels and to make burning these fuels cleaner and healthier
for the environment.

consequences of using fossil fuels

 There are numerous consequences

derived from the use of these fuels:
 Depletion of fossil fuels
 Alteration of the greenhouse effect
 Acid rain
 War
 Social imbalances
 Elimination of local air emissions
Rise and fall of fossil fuels

Although in the eighteenth-century oil was already used for medical and military
purposes, the main source of energy was wood, which was used to burn and light fires
both in homes and in incipient factories and industries. To a much lesser extent, some
production plants opted for water mills as power generators. From the nineteenth
century, the arrival of the Industrial Revolution meant the massive use of coal, the main
raw material to feed the steam engine, which reached world leadership as the main fuel
and maintained it until the mid-twentieth century. At that time, which coincided,
approximately, with the end of World War II, oil replaced it as the main commodity for the
generation of electricity, thanks to its low cost.

Types of fossil fuels

In general, fossil fuels can be classified into three: coal, oil, and natural gas. Coal originates
over several million years by the deposit in the earth of topsoil, which, gradually, is
compacted and heated. It is usually extracted from mines. In the last three decades, its
use, especially in developed countries, has fallen, in favor of oil or natural gas, although
even so from the mid-twentieth century until today, its world consumption has doubled
with China and India at the head. It is probably the most abundant fossil fuel, and it is
estimated that at the current rate the planet still has reserves for at least the next 200
years.

‘Global warming’
Is a phrase that refers to the effect on the climate of human activities, in particular
the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) and large-scale deforestation, which
cause emissions to the atmosphere of large amounts of ‘greenhouse gases’, of
which the most important is carbon dioxide. Such gases absorb infrared radiation
emitted by the Earth’s surface and act as blankets over the surface keeping it
warmer than it would otherwise be. Associated with this warming are changes of
climate. The basic science of the ‘greenhouse effect ‘that leads to the warming is
well understood. More detailed understanding relies on numerical models of the
climate that integrate the basic dynamical and physical equations describing the
complete climate system. Many of the likely characteristics of the resulting changes
in climate (such as more frequent heat waves, increases in rainfall, increase in
frequency and intensity of many extreme climate events) can be identified.
Substantial uncertainties remain in knowledge of some of the feedbacks within the
climate system (that affect the overall magnitude of change) and in much of the
detail of likely regional change. Because of its negative impacts on human
communities (including for instance substantial sea-level rise) and on ecosystems,
global warming is the most important environmental problem the world faces.
Adaptation to the inevitable impacts and mitigation to reduce their magnitude are
both necessary. International action is being taken by the world’s scientific and
political communities. Because of the need for urgent action, the greatest
challenge is to move rapidly to much increased energy efficiency and to non-fossil-
fuel energy sources.

Atmospheric CO2 is, however, increasing only at about half the rate of fossil fuel
emissions; the rest of the CO2 emitted either dissolves in sea water and mixes into
the deep ocean, or is taken up by terrestrial ecosystems. Uptake by terrestrial
ecosystems is due to an excess of primary production (photosynthesis) over
respiration and other oxidative processes (decomposition or
combustion of organic material).

Aren't temperature changes natural?

The global average temperature and concentrations of carbon dioxide (one

of the main greenhouse gases) have fluctuated over a cycle of hundreds of
thousands of years as the Earth's position with respect to the sun has varied.
As a result, different ice ages have occurred.

Artificial causes of global warming

The artificial causes mainly refer to greenhouse gases, which are mostly
caused by emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), although
there are many others:
1. Burning fossil fuels
2. Deforestation
3. Increased water vapor in the atmosphere
Consequences of global warming
1. Global warming is a big problem worldwide since it does not affect
certain areas, the main consequences are:
2. Melting glaciers: This will cause sea level rise considerably causing
flooding and leaving us without the main reserve of fresh water on the
planet.
3. Climate change: It is caused by the gases accumulated in the
atmosphere that increases the temperature, affecting the climates of
different geographical areas and the flora and fauna that are there.
4. Change in the hydrological cycle: The repercussions of this point range
from a change in the pH of the water causing acid rain to hurricanes
and more intense storms due to heat.
5. Lack of food: This would only affect less developed countries that are
totally dependent on agricultural activities, as heat destroys crops or
makes water for irrigation scarce.