ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

AUTOMATIC CURTAIN OPENER AND CLOSER

USING LM358 TRANSISTOR

SUBMITTED BY:

DELA GUARDIA, CZARDALE ANGELO S.

PERA, LORDCEL G.

ENGR. REODELIN V. SEVILLA

(INSTRUCTOR)
II. ABSTRACT:

CACC is an automated curtain circuit that utilizes the power of light using a sensor called
LDR, where resistance varies due to different light intensities. The main core of the circuits are
LM358 an op amp and a BC547 a NPN transistor. The automated curtain circuit turns on with or
without the presence of light. It activates the high torque dc motor that will turn the curtain
clockwise and counterclockwise. A manual switch is used to select the desired height of the
curtain during operation; it opens and closes the whole circuit. During day time the motor rotates
counter clockwise rolling the curtains upward. On the other hand, the motor rotates clockwise
making the curtain close or turn downward.

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III. Table of Contents

I. Title………………………………………………………………………………………. i

II. Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………… ii

III. Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………… iii

IV. Contents
A. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………. 1
B. Components……………………………………………………………………………………. 2-5
C. Schematic Diagram and PCB Layout…………………………………………………………... 6

V. Summary and Conclusion…………………………………………………………………. 7

VI. Appendixes………………………………………………………………………………… 8

VII. Proponents Profile.………………………………………………………………………… 9

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 IV.
A. INTRODUCTION

This project profile envisages the production of Automatic Curtain Opener and Closer by setting
up of a unit in a small-scale sector. The Automatic Curtain opener are used for opening and closing of the
stage of any good theatre, auditorium conference hall etc. The mechanism should automatically open and
close the curtain depending on the situation of the function being performed on the stage. The mechanism
consists of single-phase induction motor drive a forward-reverse starter and two limit switches. The motor
when actuated by the push buttons and contactors may rotate in either direction depending upon the
direction of current flowing through its main winding. The motor once started will run for the duration
required to open/close the curtain fully then stop. The motor when required to stop requires limit
switches. In the Automatic Curtain Opener and Closer the motors run in both the direction for opening
and closing hence two numbers of limit switches is required.

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 B. COMPONENTS

List of Items, Quantity and Its Prices:

ITEMS QUANTITY PRICES

LM358 2 70

330 Ω 2 4

10K Ω 2 4

Relay 6V 2 70

SPST Switch 2 20

LDR 2 30

BC547 1 30

BIAS 1 20

PCB 3x3 1 25

Ferric Chloride 1 50

DC Motor 2 100

Lead 3 yards 30

Soldering Iron 1 200

Connecting Wires 2 yards 20

TOTAL 673

Components Definition and its Function

1. PCB

PCB or Printed Circuit Board is the traditional name for the bare board of which you supply us
with the layout data and which you use to mount your components on once we have delivered it to
you.
A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to mechanically support and
electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks or signal traces
etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate

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2. LM358
LM358 is a dual op-amp IC integrated with two op-amps powered by a
common power supply. It can be considered as one half of LM324 Quad op-amp which contains
four op-amps with common power supply. The differential input voltage range can be equal to
that of power supply voltage.
3. Resistor (330 Ω & 10k Ω)

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements

electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current
flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission
lines, among other uses.
4. Relay 6V
The 6v relay is an electromechanical switching device which controls the
AC devices through the DC power.
5. 9V Battery

A 9-volt alkaline battery is rated at 1 ampere-hour, which means

this battery can continuously supply one ampere of current for 1 hour before it reaches the
voltage threshold and is considered depleted.
7. Lead

A metal alloy usually made of tin and lead which is melted using a hot

iron. The iron is heated to temperatures above 600 degrees fahrenheit which then cools to create a
strong electrical bond.

8. Soldering Iron
A soldering iron is a hand tool used in soldering. It supplies heat to melt solder so
that it can flow into the joint between two workpieces.
A soldering iron is composed of a heated metal tip and an insulated handle. Heating is often
achieved electrically, by passing an electric current supplied through an electrical cord or through a
resistive heating element.
9. Connecting Wires

Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel from one point on a

circuit to another, because electricity needs a medium through which to move. In the case of
computers, wires are embedded into circuit boards, carrying pulses of electricity that are
interpreted as binary signals of zeros and ones.

10. SPST Switch

SPST simply mean single pole, single throw. The product controls one
circuit with one On position. SPDT means that it is a single pole double throw which means it has
two ON positions. This can be a variety of circuitry however. It can be an On-On switch or On-
Off-On.

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 11. Ferric Chloride

The primary use of ferric chloride is to remove impurities in water and for wastewater
treatment. Smaller volumes of higher-grade ferric chloride are used as a catalyst in
chemical reactions and as an etchant in PCB.

12. BIAS

A portion of the device's circuit which supplies this steady current or

voltage.

13. BC547

BC547 is a NPN transistor hence the collector and emitter will be left open (Reverse
biased) when the base pin is held at ground and will be closed (Forward biased) when a
signal is provided to base pin. BC547 has a gain value of 110 to 800, this value
determines the amplification capacity of the transistor.

14.LDR

A passive component that decreases resistance with respect to receiving

luminosity (light) on the component's sensitive surface.

15. DC MOTOR

A type of electric machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical

energy. DC motors take electrical power through direct current, and convert this energy
into mechanical rotation

Operation:

LOW LUX AUTOMATED CIRCUIT

Operational amplifier LM358 is in the center of circuit, which works as comparator.

Comparator compares voltages on both inputs and if input on non-inverting port (+) is higher,
output is set to maximum value (Vcc), but if input on inverting port (-) is higher, output is set to
minimum value (GND or 0V in our case). On inverting port we connect voltage divider for
setting reference value and it is built with potentiometer and resistor. On non-inverting port we
connect voltage divider for measuring light intensity. This voltage divider is built from LDR and
resistor.

Measuring divider: build with 10k ohm resistor and LDR; if light intensity is high,
resistance is low, therefore dividers voltage output is low, and if light intensity is low, resistance
is high, therefore voltage output is high;

Reference divider: build with 10k ohm resistor and potentiometer; we set this
potentiometer at value where we want our night light to turn on, this is set empirically.

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 Outputs of those two dividers are then processed by operational amplifier set as
comparator (comparator is also called 1-bit ADC because of its action described above). If
measuring divider's value drops below our reference value (high light intensity) the relay won’t
turn on. If measuring divider's value is higher than our reference value (low light intensity), the
relay will be activated.

HIGH LUX AUTOMATED CIRCUIT

At high light intensity (lux), the current at the collector is sufficient where to support the
led connected in series at the collector resistor.

At low light intensity (lux), the current at the collector is very low where it can’t support
the led connected in series at the collector resistor.
 C. Schematic Diagram, Placement5Guide, Realistic Design and PCB Lay-Out

DIAGRAM PLACEMENT GUIDE

REALISTIC DESIGN PCB LAYOUT

I. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION6

The Automatic Curtain opener are used for opening and

closing of the stage of any good theatre, auditorium conference hall etc.

In the Automatic Curtain Opener and Closer the motors run in both the direction for
opening and closing hence two numbers of limit switches is required.

On the other hand, the motor rotates clockwise making the curtain close or turn
downward.
II. APPENDIXES
A. References
https://byjus.com/physics/dc-motor/
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https://www.electroniclinic.com/lm358-ic-pin-configuration-working-lm358-
circuit-examples/
https://spemco.com/blog/single-pole-triple-throw-triple-pole-single-throw-
spst-dpdt-etc-how-to-tell-the-difference/#:~:text=SPST%20simply%20mean
%20single%20pole,or%20On%2DOff%2DOn.

B. Photos
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VII. Proponents Profile

Name : Czardale Angelo S. Dela Guardia Name : Lordcel G. Pera

Date of Birth : April 10, 2001 Date of Birth : November 27, 2001

Gender : Male Gender : Male

Civil Status : Single Civil Status : Single

Present Address : Lalud, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro Present Address : Patas, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro

Contact No. : 09777228059 Contact No. : 09199862447

E-mail Address : czardaledg@gmail.com E-mail Address : markpandal@gmail.com

Religion : Roman Catholic Religion : Roman Catholic

Nationality : Filipino Nationality : Filipino

Languages Spoken : Tagalog and English Languages Spoken : Tagalog and English
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