Compiled by:

Dr. Jun Cariňo Corpuz

RMT.,RN.,MACT.,US-RN.,PH.D.
DOH Certified Drug Analyst
Petrography
- A branch of geology which
deals with the systematic
classification of rocks, rock
forming minerals and soil.
Minerals:
- Materials found in the earth’s
crust
Elements Percentage Elements Percentage

Oxygen 49.5 Potassium 2.4

Silicon 25.7 Magnesium 1.9

Aluminum 7.5 Hydrogen 0.9

Iron 4.7 Titanium 0.6

Calcium 3.4 Chlorine 0.2

Sodium 2.6 Phosphorous 0.1

- Used as a circumstantial evidence
in crime of violations:
- Murders - Robbery
- Homicide - Kidnapping
- Rape - Hit and Run
Soil:
- Usually overlooked by
investigators
- More or less taken for granted
 Types of Soil:
a. Alluvial Soil – deposited by running
water
Examples: Gold bearing soil

b. Collovial Soil – loose deposits of

soil and disintegrated rocks by
gravity found to the foot of slope
or clift
1. Depth
2. Admixture below the surface of
soil
3. Surface variation due to
admixture of substance
4. Addition of fertilizers and soil
conditioning material
1. Soil in the form of mud found in
shoes, slippers, furnitures
- Transport the whole material
2. Soil
- Filter paper enclosed in pill box
3. Dust
- Collect by vacuum cleaner
4. Soil in coarser form
- Collect by scalper or spatula
5. Soil in Clothing
- Wrap in paper
- Place in a box
- Transported using dust proof
- Pill box or wide mouth glass
bottles with stopper
I. Primary Minerals
- Variety of undecomposed rock
fragments
a. Quartz or Silica(SiO2)
- Universal component of
soil
- Most prominent in sandy soil
- From igneous rock contributed
by Metamorphic rocks and
Sedimentary rocks
(sandstone)
- Pure is clear & transparent
b. Calcite (CaCO3)
- Colorless as to white to amber or
any color
c. Dolomite (MgCO3)
- Massive gray to white rock
d. Feldspar
- Most important soil forming
mineral
- Silicate of Al, K, Na, Ca rarely Ba
e. Mica
- Any of the large group of
Aluminum-Silicate Materials
- Easily splits into very thin
flexible sheets
1. Muscovite – KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
2. Phologopite- KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
3. Paragonite – NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
4. Lepidolite – KLi2(Si4O10)(OH)2
f. Hurblends and Pyroxene(Augite)
- 2 similar crystalline minerals
- Differ in crystal forms
- Complex materials
- Containing Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Al,
Si, O2 and H2
II. Clay Materials
- Exclusively product of the
decomposition of primary
minerals such as feldspar
- Pure clay is Hydrated
Aluminum Silicate
III. Organic Constituents
- From dead plants,
decomposing bodies, manure
- Not mineral in nature
- Most variable of soil
constituents
Humus: Black partly decomposed
residue(most impt black coloring)
1. Microscopic – uses polarizing
microscope to determine the
mineral constituents of soil and
dust
2. Spectrography – demonstrates
the identity of non-identity of 2
or more soil
 X-Ray Diffraction
 Thermal Analysis
 Micro Chemical Analysis
1 – Talc (Soft) 6 – Orthoclase
2 – Gypsum 7 – Quartz
3 – Calsite 8 – Topaz
4 – Fluorite 9 – Corundum
5 - Apatite 10 – Diamong (Hardest)
40X harder than
corundum
 A matter in a wrong place
 It is dry and in finely divided from
Origin:
1. Minerals
2. Plants and Animals
A. According to General
Classification
1. Organic
2. Inorganic
 Classification of Dust Analysis of Dust

Dust Deposited From Air Density Gradient Tube

Most abundant in thickly Method
populated industrial area
Road And Footpath Dust- UV Light
Wear and tear road surface

Industrial Dust- Grinding, Treatment with 0.1 M HCl

milling

Occupational Dust- Finely Treatment with C2H5OH

powdered materials in
clothings