Well Test Analysis

Lecture 7

Solution to Diffusivty Equation

Solution to Diffusivty Equation
There are four solutions to diffusivty equation that are
particlly useful in well testing

(1)The Solution for bounded cylindrical Reservoir:

The practical solution is obtained if we assume that:

1- a well is produce at constant rate (qB).

2- the well with wellbore radius rw is centered in cylindrical
reservoir of radius re-no flow across this outer boundary.

3- before production the reservoir is at uniform pressure Pi

  2t D 3 
 r 2  ln reD  4  
qB  eD 
pwf  pi  141.2    n2t D 2 
kh  e J1 ( n reD ) 
2 2 2
 n 1  n [ J1 ( n reD )  J12 ( n )] 

where    reD  re / rw
t D  0.000264kt / ct rw
2

where  nare the roots of

J 1 ( n reD )Y1 ( n )  J 1 ( n )Y1 ( n reD )  0

Where J1 and Y1 are Bessel function
(2) Infinite Cylindrical Reservoir With Line-
source Well
Assume that:
(1) A well is produce at constant rate qB.
(2) The well has zero radius:
(3) The reservoir at uniform pressure Pi .
The well drains an infinite area.that ( p  pi )as(r  )

qB   948ct r 2

p  pi  70.6 Ei  

kh  kt 
Where p the pressure (psi) are distance r (ft) from the
well at time t (hr)
  u
e  
Ei (  x )    du
 x x 2 x3
 ln x     etc.
u  1! 2! 3! 
x
Exponential integral function-Polynomial And Rational Approximations

Limits accuracy of Equation:

Ei function solution is an accurate approximation to the more
exact solution for the time
3.79 10 c r / k  t  948c r / k
5 2
t w t e
2

for time less than 3.79  10 5 c r 2 / k

t w
the assumption of zero well size(line source)
for time greater than 948ct r / k e
2

the reservoir boundary began to effect the pressure

the reservoir is no longer infinite acting
 qB   948ct r 2

p  pi  70.6 Ei  

kh  kt 
we can use Table for 0.02  x  10.9
For x < 0.02 use the equation
Ei ( x)  ln( 1.781x)
x < 0.02 Ei can be approximated with an error
less than 0.6 %
For x >10.9 Ei can be considered zero for
application in well testing
 (3)Pseudosteady-State Solution:

This solution is not new, it is simply limiting from the first

solution
The limiting form is valid for large time, so that the
assumption involving
Exponential and Bessel function are negligible;
 2t D 3 
after this time the t  948
qB  eD
r 2
 ln
c 
t
r
re
2
eD
/ 
k 4
 

 pi is:
pwfsolution 141.2   

 n2 t D
J1 ( n reD )

2
kh  e 
qB 2 2t D 2 2 3
Pwf  Pi  141.2    
n ln1r    
  1
2
(or 
n )] 
 
n 1 [ J ( n reD ) J
2 eD
kh  reD 4
qB  0.000527kt  re  3 

Pwf  Pi  141.2  ln  
r  4

kh  ct re 2
 w 
 the above equation become more useful in practice if they
include a skin factor to account for the fact that most well
are either damage or simulated

qB  0.000527kt  re  3 

Pi  Pwf  141.2  ln   
r  4   s

kh  ct re 2
 w 
(4) Flow Equation for Generalized Reservoir
Geometry
The equation (above) is limited to a well centered in a
circular drainage area. Similar equation models
Pseudosteady state flow in more general reservoir
shapes:

qB  1  10.06 A  3 

Pi  Pwf  141.2  ln  
2 
  s
 
kh  2  A w 
C r 4 

where A = drainage area ,sq ft

CA = shape factor for specific drainage-area shape
and well location dimensionless (see table 1.2 p9)
 Example 1.1 p5
calculation using Ei function as tutorial
A cknowledgement

Thanks