MACALINAO, NADHINE C.

BSED-3A (science)

SES 7 (Cell and Molecular Biology)

According to Lenoir Francois, for survival, humans require food and water. Water makes up at least 60%
of the adult body. The average human can survive without food for three weeks, but only three to four
days without water. A water is a very vital necessity of the body it has so many function and work within
us that we might die days after not in taking it.

Just like how dehydration affects the patient in the video, her blood cloth congeal and clump together in
a formation called a rouleaux, which can lead to heart disease, arthritis, lung disease and many other
conditions but after drinking water the pH of the blood was corrected 12 minutes after and the cells
became more buoyant, healthy, and energised.

Our body needs water, the presence of water inside cells is the basis for cell life. Nutrients are
transported to and within cells via water. Cells perish if they don't receive nutrients like the vitamins and
minerals as I already mentioned, transportation requires water.

MACALINAO, NADHINE C.

BSED-3A (science)

SES 7 (Cell and Molecular Biology)

How do Carbohydrates Impact Your Health?

Carbohydrates, commonly known as "carbs," are present in almost every food's nutrition facts. You
might consider it as irrelevant, but carbohydrates have a huge impact on how our bodies function.
Monosaccharides are the building units of carbohydrates, which are often referred to as simple sugar.

These simple sugar can be link together to be complex carbs and through the progress of digestion this
complex carbs will be break apart back into its original monosaccharides form. However this process is
not the same with every carbs, just like the difference between Starchy and Fibery carbs which is joined
by 2 difference bond. Starchy carbs like cracker and bread is easily dissolve by stomach’s digestive
enzyme it also has a high glycemic index with raises our blood sugar level that is why, skyfleks endorse
their cracker as a fast energy source. On the other hand the Fibery carbs like on fruits and vegetable was
joint together by beta bond which is very hard to break down. This carbs slow the release of glucose in
the blood causing to a decrease in the glycemic index.

The pancreas which manage the sugar level of the body help us to balance everything. It makes the
extra glucose be converted into energy but a continues excessive intake of carbs may lead to a low
insulin sensitivity hence you might suffer from insulin resistance which lead to a great more disease like
cardiovascular disease and Diabetes
MACALINAO, NADHINE C.

BSED-3A (science)

SES 7 (Cell and Molecular Biology)

FATS: Good Fat vs. Bad Fat

The building blocks of fat are called fatty acids. Fats are converted by the body into fatty acids during the
process of digestion, which can subsequently be absorbed into the bloodstream. Fatty acid molecules
are usually joined together in groups of three, forming a molecule called a triglyceride.

This triglycerides has a backbone of 3-glycerole and 3-fatty acids that these FATTY ACIDS dictates how
BAD or GOOD a Fat is. A fatty acid which has only (1-bond) is a Saturated fat or the BAD fat, it is more
stable and solid that makes it bad because it raise the Cholesterol level of our blood some example of
saturated fat are (butter, cheese, bacons etc. ). On the other hand, the unsaturated fats or the GOOD
fats has 2 or more bond that link them together that makes them liquid in room temperature. They are
Good fats since they helps to lower the cholesterol and stabilize the heart. Unsaturated fats are
commonly from oils from seeds and nuts like (olive oils, almond oil, canola oil, etc)

Eating fats does not necessarily indicate that your diet is unhealthy instead, it depends on the type of
fats you consume.

MACALINAO, NADHINE C.

BSED-3A (science)

SES 7 (Cell and Molecular Biology)

DNA VS. RNA

I know that we are all familiar with DNA and RNA, DNA is a double helix structure which is respond
genetic information while RNA a single stranded and responsible for protein creation via transcription
but DNA and RNA both have a building block of what we called Nucleotide. The nucleotide of DNA and
RNA have three parts: Phosphate, sugar, and bases.

In sugar, DNA is Deoxyribose while ribose in RNA. DNA bases are adenine, thymine, guanine, and
Cytosine while in RNA used uracil instead of thymine. In a chain of DNA or RNA, each nucleotide has just
one phosphate group.

Both DNA and RNA are equally important, each have their own function supporting each other. RNA
might often forgotten we can deny that without it this whole system cannot work hence, human will
cease to exist.
MACALINAO, NADHINE C.

BSED-3A (science)

SES 7 (Cell and Molecular Biology)

Proteins

As I watch the video, proteins are a VERY COMPLICATED molecule yet plays so many role in throughout
body. It can be found every single space, in muscle, bone, skin, hair, and virtually every other body part
or tissue. All Proteins are all made up of 21 building blocks is of AMINO ACIDS, these amino acids are
made of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sulfur. The structure of amino acids is made up of
amino group, carbonxyl group, side chain and join together by Alpha carbon atom.

There are 3 types of amino acids, a hydrophobic amino acids it hates water but has a carbon-rich side
chain, hydrophilic which likes to interact with water and the charge amino acid which likes to interact
with opposite charge.

It is convenient to describe protein structure in terms of 4 different aspects of covalent structure and
folding patterns. The different levels of protein structure are known as primary, secondary, tertiary, and
quaternary structure. The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids that make up a polypeptide
chain. Protein secondary structure refers to regular, repeated patterns of folding of the protein
backbone. The two most common folding patterns are the alpha helix and the beta sheet, Tertiary
structure refers to the overall folding of the entire polypeptide chain into a specific 3D shape. The
tertiary structure of enzymes is often a compact, globular shape. The quaternary structure describes the
way in which the different subunits are packed together to form the overall structure of the protein.

In a nutshell, Proteins are built as chains of amino acids, which then fold into unique three-dimensional
shapes. Bonding within protein molecules helps stabilize their structure, and the final folded forms of
proteins are well-adapted for their functions.