ATOMIC STRUCTURES FORMULAS

AND NAMES

ATOM — DALTO

DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY

proposed by John Dalton, can

used to explain the laws of
chemical change. COMPOSITION OF AN ATOM

DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY [SET OF ATOMIC NUMBER

POSTULATES]
1. Elements are made up of very small
particles known as atoms.
2. All the atoms of an element are
identical in mass and size, and are
different from the atoms of another
element
3. Compounds are composed of atoms
of more than one element, combined
in definite ratios with whole number
values.
4. During a chemical reaction, atoms
combine, separate, or rearrange. No
atoms are created and no atoms
disappear.
DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY
During the time of Dalton, the atom was
believed to be the smallest particle
comprising substances. However, before the
end of the 19th century, experiments
provided proof of the existence of smaller
particles within the atom.
= number of protons = number of electrons
in a neutral atom
MASS NUMBER
= number of protons + number of neutrons
ISOTOPES
-atoms of an element having the
same atomic number but different
mass number.
-The existence of isotopes was shown by
mass spectroscopy experiments, wherein
elements were found to be composed of
several types of atoms, each with different
masses.
a. The atomic number identifies an
element. The atoms of isotopes of an
element have the same number of
protons and electrons.
b. The atoms of isotopes of an element
differ in the number of neutrons.
Ions can be made up of only one atom
(monoatomic) or more than one type of
Naming of anions:
atom (polyatomic).

Several anions are polyatomic and are

Monoatomic ions are named based on the
named based on the atomic constituents and
Element.
the suffix – ide.
a. For cations, the name of the element
is unchanged. If an element can form
two ions of different charges, the
name, which is usually derived from
its Latin name, is modified by the A number of polyatomic anions containing
suffix –ic for the ion with the higher oxygen atoms are named based on the root
charge, and –ous for that with the word of the central (or non-oxygen) atom
lower charge. and the suffix –ate for the one with more
oxygen atoms and –ite for the one with less
b. For anions, the name of the element oxygen atom.
is modified by the suffix –ide.
Some anions have common names ending
with the suffix –ate:
CHEMICAL FORMULA
The formula consists of the symbols of the
atoms making up the molecule. If there is
more than one atom present, a numerical
subscript is used.
CHEMICAL FORMULA
TWO TYPES:
a. Molecular Formula – gives the
composition of the molecule, in terms of the
actual number of atoms present
b. Empirical Formula – gives the
composition of the molecule, in terms of the
smallest ratio of the number of atoms
present.
NAMING OF COMPOUNDS
SET OF RULES:
-Binary Compounds – made up of two
elements.
-Ternary Compounds – made up of three
elements.
-Acids – yield hydrogen ions in aqueous
Solutions.
BINARY:
a. Ionic Compounds – made up of a cation
and an anion. They are named by giving the
name of the cation first, followed by the
name of the anion
b. Molecular Compounds – made up of two
non-metals. They are named by giving the
name of the first nonmetal and then that of
the second nonmetal modified by the ending
ide. Molecular compounds are usually gases
TERNARY: FORMULA OF THE COMPOUNDS

The naming of ternary compounds follows In writing the formula, the total positive
the same rule as that of the binary ionic charges of the cations should be equal to the
compound: the name of the cation is given total of the negative charges of the anion.
first, followed by the name of the anion. The net charge should be zero.

a. Binary Acids – composed of hydrogen

and another element, usually a nonmetal.
The first part of the name starts with the
prefix hydro- followed by the name of the
element, modified by the ending –ic. The
second part consists of the word ‘acid’.
Name = hydro- (root name of element) -ic +
acid

b. Ternary Acids – made up of hydrogen and

an anion, usually containing oxygen. The
first part of the name consists of the root
word of the name of the element, modified
by the ending –ic. The second part consists
of the word ‘acid’. If there is another acid
with the same atoms, the suffix –ous is used
to denote the one with less number of atoms.
Name = (root name of element) -ic (or –ous)
+ acid