OLIVAREZ COLLEGE

DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STEM 005: GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Lesson No. 6

MODULE

PREPARED BY: GABRIEL P. ARMAS AND CARISSA G. BALAGBAG

6
CONTENT I. OUTCOMES OF LEARNING

 Force
a. differentiate contact forces from noncontact forces;
 Newton’s Laws of Motion
b. differentiate mass from weight;
- Law of Inertia
c. state, explain, and apply newton’s three laws of motion to everyday
- Law of Acceleration situation;
- Law of Interaction d. state, explain, and apply newton’s universal law of gravitation to everyday
 Mass and Weight situation;
 Newton’s Law of Universal e. solve problems involving laws of motion; and
Gravitation f. show appreciation to the application of the laws of motion.

II. LESSON PRESENTATION

In the previous lesson, we have discussed how motion is described in terms of velocity and acceleration
(kinematics describes how objects move neglecting the other external forces). Now we deal with the question of why
objects move as they do: What makes an object at rest begin to move? What causes an object to accelerate or
decelerate? In this lesson, we will investigate the connection between force and motion, which is called dynamics.
Intuitively, we experience force as any kind of push
or pull on an object. When you kicked a ball, you exerted a Types of Force
force on it. When the wind blows the leaves of a tree, a force Contact Force Noncontact Force
is being exerted on it. We often call these as contact forces Examples: Examples:
because the force is exerted when one object comes in Applied Force Gravitational Force
contact with another object. On the other hand, we say that an Frictional Force Electrical Force
object falls because of the force of gravity (which is a Air resistance Magnetic Force
Normal Force
noncontact force).

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LESSON 6: FORCE AND MOTION
 OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM 005: GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Lesson No. 6

NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF INERTIA

“Every object continues in its state of rest, or of uniform velocity in straight line, as
long as no net force acts on it.

e
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion. The state of motion is defined
by its velocity – the speed with direction. Thus, inertia could be redefined as: Inertia is the tendency of an object to
resist changes in its velocity.
An object at rest has zero velocity will remain with zero velocity (in the absence of an unbalanced force), such
an object will not change its state of motion. An object in motion with a velocity of 5 m/s, East will remain in motion with
a velocity of 5 m/s, East (in the absence of unbalanced force). Such an object will not change its state of motion.
When an object has not changed its velocity, that said object has zero acceleration. Thus, we could provide
an alternative means of defining inertia: Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist acceleration.

BALANCED FORCES
Consider a ball at rest on the ground and a ball moving at constant velocity.
There are two forces acted upon it.
 Gravitational Force (the downward force) tries to pull the ball v=0

towards the center of the Earth.

 Normal Force being applied by the ground to the ball upward which
is equal in magnitude as to what the gravitational force applied to the Net Force = 0
ball in opposite direction (perpendicular to the surface).
Fig. 6-1. The ball is stationary (at rest) showing
Take note that the normal force is not always equal and in opposite the gravitational and normal force balance each
direction to the gravitational force but always perpendicular to the surface. Take other out.

pushing an object in an inclined plane as example. The direction of the

gravitational force is always downward while the direction of the normal force
will depend on the angle of elevation of the inclined plane.
v = 5 m/s
Since these two forces are of equal magnitude and in opposite
directions, they balance each other out. The ball is said to be at equilibrium.
Net Force = 0
There is no unbalanced force acting upon the ball and thus the ball maintains
its state of motion. When all the forces acting upon an object balance each
Fig. 6-2. The ball is moving with a constant
other, the object will be at equilibrium; it will not accelerate. velocity showing the gravitational and normal force
balance each other out.

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LESSON 6: FORCE AND MOTION
 OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM 005: GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Lesson No. 6

Fig 6-3. The behavior of all objects can be

described by saying that objects tend to "keep on
doing what they're doing".

UNBALANCED FORCES
Fig. 6-4. There is a force applied on the ball causing the
When you apply a force by kicking a ball on the ground (it forces unbalanced.
accelerates), it is not only the Applied Force acted upon it, there are also
gravitational force, normal force and frictional force (that acts to resist
the relative motion of an object).
The gravitational force pulling downward and the force of the
ground pushing upwards on the ball are equal magnitude and opposite
direction. These two forces balance each other.
As the ball moves to the right, frictional force acts to the left to slow the ball down. Since the applied force
displaced the ball, the forces acted upon the ball are not balanced; and such, the ball changes its state of motion. The
ball is not at equilibrium and subsequently accelerates. Unbalanced forces cause accelerations.
Here are some of the effects of unbalanced forces in an object:
a. It can set an object into motion.
b. It can change the velocity of an object.
c. It can stop the object in motion.
d. It can change the direction of an object.
e. It can change the shape of an object.

CONCEPTUAL EXAMPLE:
A school bus comes to a sudden stop, and all of the backpacks on the floor starts to slide forward.
What force causes them to do that?
Response:
It isn’t the force that does it. By Newton’s first law, the backpacks continue their state of motion,
maintain their velocity. The backpacks slow down if a force is applied, such as friction with the floor.
Source: (Giancoli, D. C. (2005). Physics Principles with Applications (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education.)

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LESSON 6: FORCE AND MOTION
 OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM 005: GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Lesson No. 6

NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF ACCELERATION

Newton’s first law of states that if no net force is acting on an object at rest, the object remains at rest; or if
the object is moving, it continues moving with constant speed and direction. But what happens if a net force is exerted
on an object?
Newton perceived that the object may make its velocity increase. Or, if the net force is in a direction opposite
to the motion, the force will reduce the object’s velocity. If the net force acts sideways on a moving object, the direction
of the object’s velocity changes. That change in the direction of the velocity is also an acceleration. So a sideways net
force on an object also causes acceleration. In general, we can say that a net force causes acceleration.

“The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it, and
is inversely proportional to the object’s mass. The direction of the acceleration is in the
direction of the net force acting on the object”

Newton’s second law of motion can be written as an equation:

∑𝐅
𝐚= Where a stands for acceleration, m for the mass, and ∑𝐅 for the
𝑚
net force on the object. The symbol ∑ (Greek “sigma”) stands for “the sum
of”; F stands for force so ∑𝐅 means the vector sum of all forces acting on
the object, which we define as net force.

We rearrange this equation to obtain the familiar statement of Newton’s second law:
∑𝐅 = ma
∑𝐅 = mg (vertical motion)
From Newton’s second law we can make a more precise definition of force as an action capable of accelerating an
object.
SYSTEM MASS (m) ACCELERATION FORCE (F)
(a) Base Units
SI (mks) kilogram (kg) m/s 2 kg⋅ m/s2 Newton (N)
cgs gram (g) cm/s2 g⋅ cm/s2 Dyne (Dyn)
British/English slug ft/s2 slug⋅ ft/s2 Pound (lb)

MASS AND WEIGHT

Newton used the term mass as a synonym for “quantity of matter”. This intuitive notion of mass of an object
is not very precise because the concept “quantity of matter” is not very well defined. More precisely, we can say that
mass is a measure of the inertia of an object. The more mass an object has, the greater the force needed to give it a
particular acceleration. It is harder to start it from rest, or to stop it when it is moving, or to change its velocity sideways
out of a straight-line path. A truck has much more inertia than a baseball moving at the same speed, and much greater
force is needed to change the truck’s velocity at the same rate as the ball’s. The truck therefore has much more mass.
To quantify the concept of mass, we must define a standard. In SI units, the unit of mass is kilogram (kg).

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LESSON 6: FORCE AND MOTION
 OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM 005: GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Lesson No. 6

The term mass and weight are often confused with one another, but it is important to distinguish between
them. Mass is a property of an object itself (a measure of an object’s inertia, or its “quantity of matter”. Weight, on the
other hand, is a force, the pull of gravity acting on an object. To see the difference, suppose we take an object to the
Moon. The object will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it did on Earth, since the force of gravity is weaker. But
its mass will be the same. It will have the same amount of matter as on Earth, and will have just as much inertia – in
the absence of friction, it will be just as hard to start it moving on the Moon as on Earth, or stop it once it is moving.

Source: Giancoli, D. C. (2005). Physics Principles with Applications (6th ed.).

SAMPLE PROBLEM 6-1 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education.

FORCE TO ACCELERATE A FAST CAR

Estimate the net force needed to accelerate (a) a 1000-kg car at 5m/s2; (b) a 200-g apple
at the same rate.

a. a 1000-kg car at 5m/s2

Given: Solution:
m = 1000 kg ∑F = ma
a = 5 m/s2
∑F = (1000 kg) (5 m/s2)
Required:
∑F = 5000 kg-m/s2
∑𝐅 (net force)
∑F = 5000 N
dy Equation: Answer:
∑𝐅 = ma 5000.00 N

b. a 200-g apple at 5 m/s2

Given: Solution:
m = 200 g (0.2 kg) ∑F = ma
a = 5m/s2
∑F = (0.2 kg) (5 m/s2)
Required: ∑F = 1 kg-m/s2
∑𝐅 (net force)
∑F = 1 N
Equation: Answer:
∑𝐅 = ma
1.00 N

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LESSON 6: FORCE AND MOTION
 OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM 005: GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Lesson No. 6

Source: Giancoli, D. C. (2005). Physics Principles with Applications (6th ed.).

SAMPLE PROBLEM 6-2 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education.

FORCE TO STOP A CAR

What average net force is required to bring a 1500-kg car to rest from a speed of 100 km/h (27.8
m/s) within a distance of 55 m?

Given: Solution:
m = 1500 kg v2f −v2i
vi = 100 km/h (27.8 m/s) a=
2d
vf = 0 m/s (0)2−(27.8 m/s)2
d = 55 m a=
2(55 m)
Required: − 772.84m2/s)2
a= 110 m
a (acceleration)
∑𝐅 (net force) a = −7.03 m/s2
Equation:
vf2 = vi2 + 2ad ∑F = ma
vf2 - vi2 = 2ad ∑F = (1500 kg) (- 7.03 m/s2)
v2 2
f −vi 2ad
= ∑F = - 10,545 kg- m/s2
2d 2d
v2 2
f −vi
∑F = - 10,545 N
=a
2d
v2 2
f −vi
a=
2d Answer:
- 10,545.00 N
∑F = ma

NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION: LAW OF INTERACTION

Newton’s second law of motion describes quantitatively how forces affect motion.
Observation suggest that a force exerted on any object is always exerted
by another object. A horse pulls a wagon, a person pushes a grocery cart, a hammer
pushes on a nail, a magnet attracts a paper clip. In each of these examples, a force
is exerted on one object, and that force is exerted by the hammer.
But Newton realized that things are not one-sided. True, the hammer exerts
a force on the nail. But the nail evidently exerts a force back on the hammer as well,
for the hammer’s speed is rapidly reduced to zero upon contact. Only a strong force
could cause such a rapid deceleration of the hammer. Thus, said Newton, the two Fig 7-5. A hammer striking a nail. The
hammer exerts a force on the nail and the
objects must be treated on an equal basis. The hammer exerts a force on the nail., nail exerts a force back on the hammer.
and the nail exerts a force back on the hammer. This is the essence of Newton’s
third law of motion.
This law is sometimes paraphrased as “to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction”. This is
perfectly valid. But to avoid confusion, it is very important to remember that the “action” force and the “reaction” are
acting on different objects.

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LESSON 6: FORCE AND MOTION
 OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM 005: GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Lesson No. 6

“Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second

object exerts an equal force in the opposite direction on the first”

As evidence for the validity of Newton’s third law, look at your hand when
you push against the desk. Your hand’s shape is distorted, clear evidence that a
force is being exerted on it. You can see the edge of the desk pressing into your
hand. You can even feel the desk exerting a force on your hand; it hurts! The
harder you push against the desk, the harder the desk pushes back on your hand.
(You only feel forces exerted on you; when you exert a force on another object,
what you feel is that object pushing back on you.) Fig 7-6. If your hand pushes against the edge
of a desk (the force vector is shown in red),
The force the desk exerts on your hand has the same magnitude as the the desk pushes back against your hand (this
force vector is shown in a different color,
force your hand exerts on the desk. This is true not only if the desk is at rest but is violet, to remind us that this force acts on a
true even if the desk is accelerating due to the force your hand exerts. different object).

CONCEPTUAL EXAMPLE: What exerts the force to move a car?

What makes a car go forward?
Response:
A common answer is that the engine makes the car forward. But it is so simple. The engine makes the
wheels go around. But if the tires are on slick ice or wet mud, they just spin. The friction is needed. On firm ground,
the tires push backward against the ground because of friction. By Newton’s third law, the ground pushes on the
tires in opposite direction accelerating the car forward.
Source: (Giancoli, D. C. (2005). Physics Principles with Applications (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education.)

NEWTON’S UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION

Besides developing the three laws of motion, Isaac Newton also examined the motion of the planets and the
Moon. In particular, he wondered about the nature of the force that must act to keep the Moon in its nearly circular orbit
around the Earth.
Newton compared the acceleration of the moon to the acceleration of objects on earth. Believing that
gravitational forces were responsible for each, Newton was able to draw an important conclusion about the dependence
of gravity upon distance. This comparison led him to conclude that the force of gravitational attraction between the
Earth and other objects is inversely proportional to the distance separating the earth's center from the object's center.
But distance is not the only variable affecting the magnitude of a gravitational force. Consider Newton's famous
equation
Fnet = ma

Newton knew that the force that caused the apple's acceleration (gravity) must be dependent upon the mass
of the apple. And since the force acting to cause the apple's downward acceleration also causes the earth's upward
acceleration (Newton's third law), that force must also depend upon the mass of the earth. So for Newton, the force of

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LESSON 6: FORCE AND MOTION
 OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM 005: GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Lesson No. 6

gravity acting between the earth and any other object is directly proportional to the mass of the earth, directly
proportional to the mass of the object, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance that separates the
centers of the earth and the object.
But Newton's law of universal gravitation extends gravity beyond earth. Newton's law of universal gravitation
is about the universality of gravity. Newton's place in the Gravity Hall of Fame is not due to his discovery of gravity,
but rather due to his discovery that gravitation is universal.

“Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is proportional
to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between
them. This force acts along the line joining the two particles.”

The magnitude of the gravitational

force can be written as Where m1 and m2 are the masses of the two particles, r is the distance between
m1 m2 them, G is a universal constant which must be measured experimentally.
Fg = G r2

The value of G must be very small, since we are aware of any force of attraction between the ordinary-sized
objects, such as between two baseballs. The force between two ordinary objects was first measured by Henry
Cavendish in 1798 over 100 years after Newton publish his law. To detect and measure the incredibly small force
between ordinary objects, he used an apparatus called torsion balance. Cavendish confirmed Newton’s hypothesis
that two objects attract one another. In addition, because Cavendish could measure F g, m1, m2, and r accurately, he
was able to measure the value of G as well. The accepted value today is G = 6.67 x 10-11 N-m2/kg2.

Source: Giancoli, D. C. (2005). Physics Principles with Applications (6th ed.).

SAMPLE PROBLEM 6-4 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education.

Spacecraft at 2rE
What is the force of gravity acting on a 2000-kg spacecraft when it orbits two Earth radii from
the Earth’s center (that is, a distance r E = 6380 km above the Earth’s surface)? The mass of the Earth is
mE = 5.98 x 1024 kg.

Given:
m1 = 2,000 kg (spacecraft’s mass)
m2 = 5.98 x 1024 kg (Earth’s
mass)
Solution:
r = 12,760 km (12,760,000 m) m m
G = 6.67 x 10-11 N-m2/kg2 Fg = G 1r2 2

N⋅m2
Required: ( 6.67 x 10− 11 )(2000 kg)(5.98 x 1024 kg)
kg2
Fg =
(1.276 x 107 m)2
Fg (Gravitational force)
( 7.977 x 1017 N⋅m2 )
Equation Fg =
(1.628 x 1014 m2)
m1 m2
Fg = G r2
Fg = 4899.88 N

Answer: 4900.00 N

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LESSON 6: FORCE AND MOTION
 OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM 005: GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Lesson No. 6

Spacecraft at 2rE
What is the force of gravity acting on a 2000-kg spacecraft when it orbits two Earth radii from
the Earth’s center (that is, a distance r E = 6380 km above the Earth’s surface)? The mass of the Earth is
mE = 5.98 x 1024 kg.
m m
APPROACH: We could plug all the numbers into Fg = G 12 2 , but there is a simpler approach. The
r
spacecraft is twice as far from the Earth’s center as when it is at the surface of the Earth. Therefore,
1 1
since the force of gravity Fg decreases as the square of the distance ( and 22 = 4 ), the force of gravity on
the satellite will only one-fourth its weight at the Earth’s surface.

Given: Solution:
m = 2000 kg (mass of the spacecraft) 1
Fg = 4 mg
g = 9.8 m/s2
1
Required: Fg = 4 (2000 kg) (9.8 m/s2)

Fg (Gravitational force) Fg = 4900 N

Equation

Fg = mg Answer:
1
Fg = 4 mg 4900.00 N

Source: Giancoli, D. C. (2005). Physics Principles with Applications (6th ed.).

SAMPLE PROBLEM 6-5 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education.

Determine the force of gravitational attraction between Earth (m = 5.98 x 10 24 kg) and a 70-kg
physics student if the student is in an airplane at 40,000 ft above Earth’s surface. This would place the
students a distance of 6.39 x 106 m from Earth center.

Given:
m1 = 5.98 x 1024 kg (Earth’s mass)
m2 = 70 kg (student’s mass)
6
r = 6.39 x 10 m Solution:
m m
-11 2
G = 6.67 x 10 N-m /kg 2
Fg = G 1 2 2
r

N⋅m2
Required: ( 6.67 x 10− 11 )(5.98 x 1024 kg)(70 kg)
kg2
Fg =
Fg (Gravitational force) (6.39 x 106 m)2

( 2.792 x 1016 N⋅m2 )

Equation Fg =
(4.083 x 1013 m2)
m1 m2
Fg = G r2 Fg = 683.81 N

Answer:

683.81 N

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LESSON 6: FORCE AND MOTION
 OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM 005: GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Lesson No. 6

III. INTERACTIVE DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1. What is force?
2. What is inertia?
3. How can we say that the force/s on the object are balanced?
4. How can we say that the force/s on the object are unbalanced?
5. What are the Newton’s three laws of motion?
6. What is the Newton’s Universal law of Gravitation?

IV. VALUES REFLECTION

In your own words, relate the concept of

“What you think, you become.
What you feel, you attract.
What you imagine, you create”
- Buddha
law of universal gravitation with the given
quotation.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

V. ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT
PROBLEM SET
Analyze, illustrate and answer the following problems below. Show your complete solution using
GRESA format (given, required, equation, solution and answer) in a clean sheet of paper. Express your final
answer in decimal form with two decimal places. (50 points)

1. What average force is required to stop an 850-kg car in 9.0s if the car is traveling at 95 km/h?

2. What is the weight of 70-kg astronaut?

A. on Earth
B. on the Moon (g = 1.6 m/s2)
C. on Mars (g = 3.7 m/s2)

3. A woman whose mass is 75 kg on Earth's surface is in a spacecraft at a height of twice Earth's

radius above Earth's surface. What is her weight there?

4. Estimate the effective value of g on the top of a mountain which is twice as tall as Mt. Everest,
8850 m (29,035 ft.) above sea level. That is, what is the acceleration due to the gravity of
objects allowed to freely to this altitude? (Ignore the mass of the mountain itself).

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LESSON 6: FORCE AND MOTION
 OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM 005: GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Lesson No. 6

5. Three spheres A, B, and C are arranged as shown in the figure below.

A. What is the gravitational force between spheres A and B?

B. What is the gravitational force between spheres B and C?
C. What is the gravitational force between spheres A and C?

VI. RESEARCH EXPLORATION

SCIENCE PATROL

Rocket propulsion is governed by Newton’s third law

of motion. The action force is the force generated by the
exhaust gas. The reaction force is the thrust that propels the
rocket at high velocity. On December 2015, the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) tested a
rocket engine with 75 percent of its parts 3-D printed. The
performance of the 3-D printed parts rivaled that of the
traditionally manufactured parts. The engine produced
20,000 pounds (90,000 N) of thrust, which, according to
NASA, is sufficient for the upper stage of a rocket or a Martian
lander.
(Source: Silverio, A. (2017). Exploring Life Through Science Series (General
Physics 1). Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House.

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LESSON 6: FORCE AND MOTION
 OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM 005: GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Lesson No. 6

VII. INTEGRATION PROCESS AND SYNTHESIS

LAW OF INERTIA:
“An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same
speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by unbalanced force”.
LAW OF ACCELERATION:
“The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and is
inversely proportional to the object’s mass. The direction of the acceleration is in the direction of
the net force acting on the object”.
LAW OF INTERACTION:
“Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an
equal force in the opposite direction on the first”.
LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION:
“Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is proportional
to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
This force acts along the line joining the two particles.

VIII. ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read each item carefully. Write the uppercase letter of the best answer in the space provided
before each item. (15 points)
______1. What causes acceleration?
A. Inertia C. speed
B. Nonzero net force D. velocity

______2. Which principle explains why we need to wear seat belts?

A. law of inertia C. law of acceleration
B. law of interaction D. impulse-momentum theorem
______3. Which is always true for a body in equilibrium?
A. It is at rest. C. It is moving at constant velocity.
B. There is no force acting on it. D. There is no unbalanced force acting on it.

______4. According to Newton’s first law of motion, a moving object that is not acted on by an unbalanced
force will
A. remain in motion C. eventually come to a stop.

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LESSON 6: FORCE AND MOTION
 OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM 005: GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Lesson No. 6

B. transfer its energy to another object. D. accelerate in the absence of friction.

______5. Newton's second law of motion states that an object's acceleration

A. increases as its mass decreases and as the force acting on it increases.
B. decreases as its mass decreases and as the force acting on it increases.
C. increases as its mass increases and as the force acting on it increases.
D. decreases as its mass increases and as the force acting on it increases.
______6. Determine which of the following an unbalanced force of one newton will cause.
A. 0∙1 kg mass will accelerate at 1 m/s 2
B. 1 kg mass will accelerate at 1 m/s2
C. 1 kg mass will accelerate at 10 m/s2
D. 1 kg mass will move at a constant speed of 10 m/s
______7. Newton's third law of motion states that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object,
A. the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on a third object.
B. the first object is unaffected by that force.
C. the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object.
D. the second object exerts a less powerful force on the first object.
______8. When a swimmer swims through water,
A. the action force could be the swimmer's hands and feet pushing on the water.
B. the reaction force could be the water pushing on the hands and feet.
C. the reaction force is what moves the swimmer forward
D. All of the above

______9. A hammer drives a nail into a piece of wood. Which describes an action-reaction pair?
A. The hammer exerts a force on the nail; the wood exerts a force on the nail.
B. The hammer exerts a force on the nail; the nail exerts a force on the hammer.
C. The nail exerts a force on the hammer; the hammer exerts a force on the wood.
D. The hammer exerts a force on the nail; the hammer exerts a force on the wood.

______10. If Earth's mass decreased to one half its original mass, with no change in radius, then your weight
would
A. stay the same
B. decrease to one half your original weight
C. decrease to one quarter your original weight
D. none of the above

______11. Two objects move toward each other because of gravitational attraction. As the objects get closer
and closer, the force between them _____.
A. remains constant C. increases
B. decreases D. zero
______12. Suppose the gravitational force between two massive spheres is 200 N. If the distance between
the spheres is doubled, what is the force between the masses?

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LESSON 6: FORCE AND MOTION
 OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
DR. PABLO R. OLIVAREZ – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM 005: GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Lesson No. 6

A. 400 N C. 100 N
B. 200 N D. 50 N

______13. A planet has half the mass of the Earth and half the radius. Compared to its weight on Earth, an
apple on this planet would weigh _____.
A. twice as much C. half as much
B. one-fourth as much D. the same

______14. A space probe built on Earth has a mass of 400 kg. Calculate the weight of the space probe on
Earth.
A. 3902 N C. 3920 N
B. 3092 N D. 3290 N

______15. A lunar lander module has a weight of 150000 N on Earth. Calculate the weight of the lunar lander
module on the Moon (g = 1/6 of Earth’s).
A. 250 N C. 25000 N
B. 2500 N D. 250 000 N

IX. NETWORK LINKS, DIGITAL SOURCES AND REFERENCES

Textbooks
Giancoli, D. C. (2005). Physics Principles with Applications (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:
Pearson Education.
Silverio, A. (2017). Exploring Life Through Science Series (General Physics 1). Quezon City: Phoenix
Publishing House.
Web Sources
Newton’s Law of Motion: First law of Motion. (n.d.). Retrieved December 08, 2020, from
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Tutorial/Newton-s-Laws
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation. (n.d.). Retrieved December 08, 2020, from
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circles/Lesson-3/Newton-s-Law-of-Universal-Gravitation

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LESSON 6: FORCE AND MOTION