25/05/2021

MAGNETIC FIELD AND MAGNETIC FORCES

GROUP ACTIVITY
GENERAL PHYSICS 2 (STEM)

MAGNETIC FORCE

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4 Key Characteristics of Magnetic Forces on Moving Charges

1. The magnitude is proportional to the magnitude of the charge

2. The magnitude of force is proportional to the strength of the field.
3. The magnitude of force depends on particles velocity
4. The magnetic force, F, does not have the same direction as the magnetic field B,
instead it is always perpendicular to both magnetic field, B and velocity, v

This is the force experienced by a charged

particle moving in a magnetic field.

Vector FB  qv  B
Expression

FB  q vB sin (Newtons)
Magnitude of the
Force

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FB  q vB sin (Newtons)
FB  qv  B
If v perpendicular to B:

Where:
q- charge (C)
Where: v- velocity (m/s)
q- charge (C) B- magnetic field (T)
N
1T  1
Θ- the angle from v to B
v- velocity (m/s)
FB- force (N) Am
B- magnetic field (T)
FB- force (N) 1 T = 104 G

GROUP NO. 1 ACTIVITY (MAGNETIC FORCES)

 A beam of protons (q= 1.6 x 10-19 C)

moves at 3.0 x 105 m/s through a uniform
magnetic field with magnitude 2.0T that is
directed along the positive z-axis. The
velocity of each proton lies in the xz-plane
at an angle of 30 degrees to the +z-axis.
The force on proton
 ANSWER: 4.8 X 10-14 N

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MAGNETIC FLUX

Where:
where:
ɸ- magnetic flux- (Wb)
ɸ- magnetic flux- (Wb) B- magnetic field (T)
B- magnetic field (T) A- area (m2)
A- area (m2) Θ- the angle between the direction of B and
a line perpendicular to the surface

 If perpendicular cos θ =1

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 These are the field lines that constitute a magnetic field.

Unit:
Weber (Wb)
1 Wb = 108 Mx 1T  1
N
Maxwell (Mx) Am

 One field line is equivalent to a Maxwell of flux.

 1Wb= 1 T ∙m2
 1Wb = 1 N ∙ m/A

GROUP NO. 2 ACTIVITY (MAGNETIC FLUX)

 Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a flat

surface with area 3.0 cm2 in a uniform
magnetic field. If the magnetic flux through
this area is 0.90mWb, calculate the
magnitude of the magnetic field and find the
direction of the area vector.
 ANSWER: B= 6.0T

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MAGNETIC FORCE ON A
CURRENT-CARRYING
CONDUCTOR

The Magnetic Field Created by

a Current-Carrying Conductor

 0I
B
2 r

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= (nqvA) (lB) but: J = nqv ; I = JA

F = IlB  Where:
q- no. of charges

F = IlB sin θ

 v- velocity
 A- area
 l-length
 I- current
 J- current density

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F = IlB F = Ilb sin θ

 where:  where:
F- magnetic force (N) F- magnetic force (N)
l-length (m) l-length (m)
I- current (A) I- current (A)
B- magnetic field B- magnetic field (T)

GROUP NO. 3 ACTIVITY (MAGNETIC FORCE ON A STRAIGHT

CONDUCTOR)

 A straight horizontal copper rod carried a

current of 50.0A from west to east in a region
between the poles of a large electromagnet. In
this region there is a horizontal magnetic field
toward the north east (that is, 45 degrees north
of east) with magnitude 1.20T. Find the
magnitude and direction of the force on a 1.0m
section of rod.

 ANS: F=42.4N

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MAGNETIC FIELD ON A
CURRENT-CARRYING
CONDUCTOR

B = μ0I / (2 r)
 where:
F- magnetic force (N)
I- current (A)
B- magnetic field (T)
r- distance from conductor (m)

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GROUP NO. 4 ACTIVITY (MAGNETIC FIELD OF A SINGLE WIRE)

 A long , straight conductor carries a current of

1.0A. At what distance from the axis of the
conductor is the magnetic field caused by the
current equal in magnitude to the earth’s
magnetic field in Pittsburg (about 0.5 x 10-4T)?
 ANSWER: 4x 10-3 m

FORCE BETWEEN
PARALLEL CONDUCTOR

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FB 0I1I2

 2 a
Unit: N/m

If the currents flow in the same

direction, the conductors attract,
otherwise, they repel.

GROUP NO. 5 ACTIVITY (FORCES BETWEEN PARALLEL WIRES)

 Two straight, parallel, superconducting wires

4.5mm apart carry equal currents of 15 000A in
opposite directions. Calculate the magnetic forc
per unit length of wire.

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PROBLEM NO. 5 (FORCES BETWEEN PARALLEL WIRES)

 Two straight, parallel, superconducting wires

4.5mm apart carry equal currents of 15 000A in
opposite directions. Calculate the magnetic forc
per unit length of wire.

 ANSWER: 1 x 104 N/m

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