SEHH107 1

COMP U TATIONAL
TOOLS FOR
STATISTICS
B A S I C K N O W L E D G E A B O U T D ATA ,
V A R I A B L E S A N D S TAT I S T I C S
OUTLINE

• Important terms

• Population vs Sample

• Variables from various perspectives

IMPORTANT TERMS
• Individuals
– Interest of the ______
– People or _______
– _____ and where the data come from

• Variables
– _____________ of the individuals
– _____ you want to know

• Records
– Data (usually in rows)
– _________ of characteristics about the individuals
POPULATION VS SAMPLE

Population Sample
_____ (ENTIRE) individuals in the study ______ of the individuals of the study
Parameter: Statistics:
Results or measurements obtained from Results or measurements obtained from_______
_________ data data
_________ Statistics

-describe, display (graph) or _______ data in a meaningful manner regardless of the use of population or
sample data
________ Statistics

-obtain data from sample to make inferences about the population, i.e. drawing conclusion about the
population base on the data from the sample
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS VS
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Population Sample
VARIABLES
Nominal
Categorical
Ordinal

Variables Interval

Ratio
Numerical

Discrete Continuous
 • Nominal
– Used for dividing the data into ______
– Can be done by using name, label, groups, categories
– Major analysing tools: _______
– Example: Gender/Blood Type/Name

VARIABLES
• Ordinal
– Used for ______ the data
– Major analysing tools: Counting/________
– Example: _____________
VARIABLES

• Interval
– Can obtain meaningful differences among data
– Major analysing tools: ______________
– Example: Temperature/____________

• Ratio
– Can obtain meaningful ratio
– Major analysing tools: _________________
– Example: Weight/Height/Money
VARIABLES

Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio

Categorizing

Ordering

Meaningful
difference
True Zero