The Legends

Bangladesh StudiesPaper-II

Rama Rani Halder

 Topic-3-ANatural Resources

3-A : Forest and Biomass

Natural resources: The resources obtained from
the nature like forest, fish, water, minerals.
Renewable resources: Renewable resources
include biomass energy (such as ethanol),
hydropower, geothermal power, wind energy, and
solar energy.
Non renewable resources nonrenewable resources,
such as fossil fuels, petroleum, and coal, which are
still the dominant sources of energy today.
Biomass:
Biomass refers to organic material from plants (99%)or animals(1%) . This
includes wood, sewage, and ethanol (which comes from corn or other plants).
Biomass can be used as a source of energy because this organic material has
absorbed energy from the Sun. This energy is, in turn, released as heat energy
when burned.
Biomass comes from a variety of sources which include:
1. Solid biomass 2. liquid bio fuel 3. Biogas
Wood from natural forests and woodlands
Forestry plantations
Forestry residues
Agricultural residues such as straw, stover, cane trash and green agricultural
wastes
Agro-industrial wastes, such as sugarcane biogases and rice husk
Animal wastes
Industrial wastes, such as black liquor from paper manufacturing
Sewage
Municipal solid wastes (MSW)
Food processing Wastes
Types of forest:
1. Tropical Wet evergreen: Location: Chittagong, Sylhet
Characteristics: Evergreen, Deciduous
Height: 45 to 62 meters
2. Tropical semi-evergreen: Location: Sylhet, Chittagong,
Dinajpur
Characteristics: Evergreen and deciduous
Height-25 to 57 meters
3. Tropical moist deciduous: Location: Dhaka, Comilla,
Mymensingh
Characteristics: Deciduous and
undergrowth
Height-10 to 20 meters
4. Tidal/ Mangrove: Location: Khulna, Chittagong, Cox;s
Bazar
 3-B: Fish
Difference between inland and marine fishing
Inland fishing Marine fishing
70% of total fishing 30% of total fishing
River, pond, lake, canal Ocean/Sea
267 species 442 species
Ex. Rui, katol, shing, magur Ex. Rupchanda,sting ray, Shark
Inland
Easy to fishing
catch like methods:
bare hand Difficult to catch
Bhela, bhera, konch, anchra, bhega, small sizes nets
Marine fishing methods: Panshi, Dingi, motorised trawlers,
freezing trawlers, big size nets
 Short notes-
Aquaculture is the controlled process of cultivating aquatic organisms,
especially for human consumption. It’s a similar concept to agriculture,
but with fish instead of plants or livestock. Aquaculture is also referred
to as fish farming. The seafood that you find at your local grocery store
is likely labeled as farmed fish. Aquaculture can happen
all over the world, and it does: in coastal ocean waters, freshwater ponds
and rivers, and even on land in tanks.
Poly culture is the planting of two or more crops in the same field at the
same time. Often the terms poly culture and intercropping are used
interchangeably. However, poly culture is a broader term since it can
include not only crop plants but even weeds, nursery and insectary plants,
windbreaks, or hedgerows that may be intentionally included in the
farming system. Multiple cropping is an even more inclusive term that
includes both poly culture or intercropping (multiple crops grown at the
same time) and crop rotation or sequential cropping (crops grown at
different times). In contrast to poly culture, monoculture refers to a system
in which only one crop is grown.
 3-C –Water and itsNonuses
Consumptive needs Consumptive needs
Agriculture Fisheries
Salinity control
Domestic consumption Navigation
Dilution of pollution
Industrial process Ecological protection
Water used for irrigation:
Artificial water supply to agricultural land is
irrigation. It is needed during the month of November
to March as it is dry season.
There are 3 methods of irrigation-
1. Motorized pump-Shallow or deep tube wells
2. Manual pump-Don, basket, hand tube well
3. Treadle pump- used by small farmers
Diagram of Irrigation methods
Water used for hydro electric power
hydro electric power station set up at Karnaphuli river as-
Fast flowing river and heavy rainfall with hilly
topography
Water used for transport
Importance- Cheaper, safer, environmentally friendly, 40%
of our export-import is done through this way
BIWTA controls the water transport.
Few river ports are- Aricha, Mawa, Daulatdia, Chandpur,
Barisal, Paturia, Nagarbari.
Few ferry terminals are-Aricha, Daulatdia, Mawa
3-D- Minerals and its location, uses
Oil and Gas: Location: Offshore area of Bay of Bengal,
Sylhet
Uses: Power sector, Fertilizer sector, Industrial sector,
Transportation, cooking
Coal: Location- Rangpur, Jamalpur, Baropukuria
Uses: Brickfields, Cooking
Limestone: Location: Sunamgonj, Cox’s Bazar
Uses: to raise PH value of soil, construction purpose
White or China Clay: Location: Chittagong, Dinajpur
Uses: Ceramic industry
Glass sand: Location: Comilla, Chittagong
Uses: Glass making industry
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