FSPC0014

Chemistry 1
Ts Dr Khairunnisa Mohd Paad
July 27th, 2021
Background

Ts Dr Khairunnisa binti Mohd Paad

 Tokyo Uni. Of Agri
& Tech, Japan Senior Lecturer
Muroran Inst.
Since July 2017
of Tech., Japan
Doctor of
Muroran Inst. Philosophy (Eng.) MJIIT, Universiti
of Tech., Japan Bio-Applications Teknologi Malaysia
Master of
Engineering and Systems
(Applied Sciences) Engineering
Bachelor of 2014 - 2017
Engineering 2012 - 2014
(Applied Research
Chemistry)
Teaching
Assistant, Assistant
2008 -2012
Teaching Assistant, Translator
Translator
Education and
 8
Feedback to
Short Online Lecture 1 Tuesday
2 pm – 4 pm
Questions (30 min)
(5 minutes)

7 2 Tools
Short Online Lecture :
Questions Demonstration BlackBoard or Webex
(5 minutes) (10 min)
Students Hands-On Activity:
Google Slides, Google Jamboard,
Blackboard Discussion

3 Short Questions:
Lecturer
6 Online
Students Chat in BlackBoard or Webex
Hands - On
Feedbacks on
Activity (20
Activity (10 Lecturer Online Feedback:
min)
min)
Blackboard

Group:
Students
Hands - On Online Lecture
Telegram group
5 Activity (10 (20 min) 4 https://t.me/joinchat/xFsjZ922RbwyNT
min) Nl
School VS. University
 UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL

Hierarchical ordering of cognitive skills

Course Information
Course synopsis This course introduces students to fundamental and basic concepts in
chemistry, units and dimensions, reaction stoichiometry and concentration.
The underlying theories and principles of electronic structure of atoms,
periodic properties of elements, chemical bonding, bonding theories and
states of matter are also discussed.
Course Pn. Nawal Binti Shaharuddin
coordinator (if
applicable)

Course lecturer(s) Name Office E-mail

Dr Khairunnisa binti Mohd. 05.32.01 khairunnisa.kl@utm.my

Pa’ad
 Teaching & Learning (T&L) methods and
Assessment methods:
Weightage *Taxonomies T&L methods ***
PLO
(%) and Assessment
No. CLO (Code)
**generic methods
skills
CLO1 Describe the fundamental Lecture, active
chemistry concepts and PLO1 30 C1, C2 learning Q, T, F
knowledge
CLO2 Analyse, discuss and use Lecture, active
applicable formulae and PLO2 30 C3, C4 learning Q, A, T, F
calculations
CLO3 Lecture, active
Identify a problem and use
PLO3, 40 learning,
appropriate problem-solving C4, A3 Q, A, T, F
PLO6 Project-based
techniques.
learning
Refer *Taxonomies of Learning and **UTM’s Graduate Attributes, where applicable for measurement of
outcomes achievement
***T – Test; Q – Quiz; HW – Homework; A – Assignment; PR – Project; Pr – Presentation; F – Final Exam etc.
 WEEKLY PLANNING
Fundamentals of Chemistry and Principles of Stoichiometry
Week 1
Units and measurements. Dimensional analysis. Significant figures. Introduction to matter: atoms,
26/7 – 30/7
elements, molecules, compounds and mixtures.
Week 2
Mole concept, chemical formula, chemical equations. Reaction stoichiometry, limiting reagent.
2/8 – 6/8
Week 3
Concentration of solution, units of concentration. Volumetric analysis and dilution.
9/8 – 13/8
Electronic Structure of Atoms (Q1)
Week 4
Thompson and Rutherford models of atom.
16/8 – 20/8
Electromagnetic radiation and energy. Line spectrum of hydrogen, the Bohr atomic model.
Week 5 Rydberg equation for atomic hydrogen and hydrogen like atom (e.g. Li2+).
23/8 – 27/8 Introduction to quantum mechanics.
Week 6 Atomic orbitals of atom: shape, size and energy levels.
30/8 – 3/9 Electronic configuration and magnetic properties.
Week 7 Periodic Table of Elements (Q2)
6/9 – 10/9 Classification of the elements: group, period and block.
Week 8
Periodic chemical properties of elements: oxides, hydrides and chlorides. (A1)
13/9 – 17/9
Week 9 Mid-Semester Break (20/9 – 24/9)
 WEEKLY PLANNING
Chemical Bonding (T1)
Week 10
Basic concepts for the formation of chemical bonds; Octet rule, Lewis structure. Ionic bond and properties
27/9 – 1/10
of ionic compounds.
Week 11 Covalent bond, properties of covalent compounds, resonance structures, formal charge.
4/10 – 8/10 Intermolecular forces; hydrogen bond, van der Waals forces. Metallic bond.
Week 12 Bonding Theories (Q3)
11/10 – 15/10 Valence Bond Theory. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR).
Week 13 Formation of hybrid orbitals.
18/10 – 22/10 Molecular Orbital Theory: bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals, bond order and stability

Properties of Matter (Q4)

Week 14
States of matter, change of state, phase diagram for single component system e.g. water and carbon
25/10 – 29/10
dioxide. Phase equilibrium for two components system: gas-liquid and liquid-vapour, distillation.

Week 15 Properties of gases. (T2)

1/11 – 5/11 Introduction to kinetic molecular theory and the gas laws. Real and ideal gases, van der Waals equation.
Week 16
Properties of liquids. Colligative properties of solution of non-electrolyte. (A2)
8/11 – 12/11
Week 17 Properties of solids.
15/11 – 19/11 Types of solids, crystal lattices, unit cells, determination of atomic/ionic radii and the Avogadro’s number.
Assessment
 Student Learning Time
Distribution Teaching and Learning Activities
of Student Guided Learning Guided Learning Independent
Learning (Face to Face) Non-Face to Face Learning SLT
Time (SLT) by CLO L: Lecture, T: Tutorial, P: Practical, Non-Face to face
O: Others
CLO L T P O
CLO1 20 5 4 17 46h

CLO2 20 5 4 17 46h

CLO3 24 6 7 24 60h
64h 16h 15h 58h 152h
 Continuous Assessment
No. Continuous Assessment PLO (Code) Percentage SLT
1 Quiz 1 PLO1 5 0.5
2 Quiz 2 PLO1 5 0.5
3 Quiz 3 PLO1 5 0.5
4 Quiz 4 PLO1 5 0.5
5 Test 1 PLO1, PLO2 15 1 hr 15 min

6 Test 2 PLO2, PLO3 15 1 hr 15 min

7 Assignment 1 PLO3, PLO6 5 As in CLO3
8 Assignment 2 PLO3, PLO6 5 As in CLO3
Final Assessment
Final Examination PLO1,2,3 40 3h
Total SLT 100 160h
 Learning resources
Main References:
1. Lecture Notes

Text book
Chang, R. and Goldsby, K. A. (2012). Chemistry. 11th Ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill.

1. Brady, J. E., Jespersen, N. D. and Hyslop, A. (2011). Chemistry: The

Study of Matter and Its Change. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
2. Petrucci, R. H., Herring, F. G., Madura, J. D. and Bissonnette, C.
(2011). General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications with
Mastering Chemistry. 11th Ed New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
3. Silberberg, M. (2012). Principles of General Chemistry. 3rd Ed. New
York: McGraw-Hill.
4. Zumdahl, S. S. and DeCoste, D. J. (2011). Introductory Chemistry. 7th
Ed. Boston: Brookes/Cole.
 Additional Learning Resources

Chemistry for Matriculation

Chemistry 1: Semester 1
Chemistry 2: Semester 2

Chemistry 1: Ace Ahead STPM 1st & 2nd term

Chemistry 2: Ace Ahead STPM 1st, 2nd, 3rd term
Academic honesty and plagiarism
Assignments are individual tasks and NOT group activities (UNLESS EXPLICITLY
INDICATED AS GROUP ACTIVITIES) . Copying of work (texts, simulation results
etc.) from other students/groups or from other sources is not allowed. Brief
quotations are allowed and then only if indicated as such. Existing texts
should be reformulated with your own words used to explain what you have
read. It is not acceptable to retype existing texts and just acknowledge the
source as a reference. Be warned: students who submit copied work will
obtain a mark of zero for the assignment and disciplinary steps may be taken
by the Faculty. It is also unacceptable to do somebody else’s work, to lend
your work to them or to make your work available to them to copy.
 Other additional information (Course policy,
any specific instruction etc.)
• Attendance is compulsory and will be taken in every course meeting. Students with
less than 80% total attendance are not allowed to sit for final examination.

• Students are required to behave and follow the dressing regulation and etiquette as
stated in University regulation while in class.

• Assignments must be submitted on due date. Late submission shall not be accepted
and will no be graded.
Disclaimer

All teaching and learning materials associated with this course

are for personal use only. The materials are intended for
educational purposes only. Reproduction of the materials in
any form for any purposes other than what it is intended for is
prohibited.

While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of

the information supplied herein, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions.
Assessment (planned)

Will be announced 1 week before assessment.

 Holiday that clashed with Chemistry 1
• 30 July 2021 (Friday): Orientation (3 hours)

• 10 August 2021 (Tuesday): Awal Muharram (2 hours)

• 31 August 2021 (Tuesday): Malaysia Independence Day (2 hours)

• 19 Oct 2021 (Tuesday): Maulidur Rasul (2 hours)

Total: 9 hours

Will be replaced to do Quiz, Test, replacement classes

Attendance

80 % and above
(from total attendance in Chemistry 1)
Lecture Delivery Methods
Online Lecture
Group Activities

Forum
Quiz
Attendance

1. Click the link that provided

during class.
(Make sure you sign in in
Google form your gmail).
2. Fill in the details.
3. Submit.
Things needed for online
learning
Things Needed for Online Learning

1. Laptop / desktop / tablet

2. Earphone (with microphone)
3. Internet
4. Smartphone

Apps in smartphone:
1. Blackboard
2. Webex
3. CamScanner
Hands-on Discussion in
BlackBoard
Discussion in Blackboard
Introduce yourself
1. Introduce yourself. Name, hometown, hobby etc.
2. Insert your photos in the discussion.
3. Your expectation to this course.
4. Your impression to Chemistry (during Secondary School).
5. What is the different between chemistry course vs. chemical engineering course?
6. What course and faculty that you interested to enter for your undergraduate study?

20 minutes
Chemistry
What is CHEMISTRY?

Feedback in CHAT.
 Chemistry is the study of matter and
the changes it undergoes.

“The study of change.”

 Study of chemical compounds
Organic that primarily have C and H
The study of chemical
processes that takes place in
living organisms.

Bio Inorganic

Chemistry Study of chemical compounds

that do not contains have C-H
bonds
The study of separation,
identification and
quantification of the The application of techniques
chemical components of Analytical Physical and theories of physics to the
the matter. chemical systems.
 The purpose of this course is to make you think
like a chemist, to look at the macroscopic world
— the things we can see, touch, and measure directly
—and visualize the particles and events of the
microscopic world that we cannot experience without
modern technology and our imaginations
Dimensional Analysis
What is Dimensional Analysis?
Dimensional Analysis is a way of converting one unit to
another.

Involves multiplication and division of conversion factors.

UNIT, UNIT, UNIT

Conversion Factors for dimensional analysis
Conversion Factors (Convert between units)
Let’s TRY.

Converstion unit can string many unit factors together.

E.g: How many seconds are in 1.0 year?

1 minutes to solve…….
Let’s TRY.
 International System of Units, SI Unit
The modern form of the metric system. It is the only system of
measurement with an official status in nearly every country in the world.

Time, mass,
volume,
density,
temperature
Prefixes Used with SI Units

The SI prefixes
used to form
decimal multiples
and submultiples
of SI units.

1 mm = 1 x 10-3 m
Mass

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, weight, technically

speaking, is the force that gravity exerts on an object

1 kg = 1000 g = 1 x 103 g
Volume
Density
Temperature
Conversion Factors – Chemistry Problems

Sneak Peak….
How many atoms of hydrogen can be found in 45 g of ammonia, NH3?

How to solve this???

Conversion Factors – Chemistry Problems
How many atoms of hydrogen can be found in 45 g of ammonia, NH3?

Solution:
We will need three unit factors to do this calculation, derived from the
following information:
1 mole of NH3 has a mass of 17 grams. (N=14.01g/mol, H=1.01g/mol)
1 mole of NH3 contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules of NH3. (Avogadro no.)
1 molecule of NH3 has 3 atoms of hydrogen in it.
Significant Figures
Number

EXACT:
e.g. 12 eggs in a dozen.

INEXACT NUMBERS:
e.g. any measurements
Width of notebook
Less precise: 220 mm (2 significant number)
More precise: 215 mm (3 significant number)
More precise measurement: 215.5 mm (4 significant number)
 Precision and Accuracy

Accuracy refers to the

agreement of a particular value
with the true value.

Precision refers to the degree of

agreement among several
measurements made in the
same manner.
 Types of Error

Random Error (Indeterminate Error)

- measurement has an equal
probability of being high or low.

Systematic Error (Determinate Error)

- Occurs in the same direction each
time (high or low), often resulting
from poor technique or incorrect
calibration.
Rules for counting significant Number

Nonzero integers always count as

significant figures.

3434 has 4 significant figures

Rules for counting significant Number

Leading zeros do not count as significant

figures.

0.0123 has 3 significant figures

Rules for counting significant Number

Captive zeros always count as significant

figures.

15.04 has 4 significant figures

Rules for counting significant Number

Trailing zeros are significant only if the

number contains a decimal point.

9.300 has 4 significant figures

Rules for counting significant Number

Exact numbers have an infinite number

of significant figures.

1 inch = 2.54 cm, exactly

Significant figures in calculations
ADDITION & SUBSTRACTION
The answer cannot have more digits to the right of
the decimal point than either of the original numbers.

e.g. 89.332 + 1.1 (one digit after decimal point) = 90.432

(round off to 90.4)

2.097 – 0.12 (two digits after decimal point) = 1.977

(round off to 1.98)
Significant figures in calculations
MULTIPLICATION & DIVISION
The number of significant figures in the final product or quotient is
determined by the original number that has the smallest number of
significant figures.

e.g.: 2.8 x 4.5039 = 12.61092 (round off to 13)

6.85/112.04 = 0.0611388789 (round off to 0.0611)

Rules for rounding Off
Look to the left most digit to be dropped

If the digit is 5 or greater round off to the last digit to be retained and
delete all digits to the right
eg 0.76663 to 3 digits ® 0.767

If the digit is less than 5 simply delete all digits to the right
eg 0.76643 to 3 digits ® 0.766
Study of mass and weight
Matter: Any object that has mass and volume
Examples ?? (Non matter : Eg. Light, sound)
Mass: Amount of matter in an object
Weight: Force exerted by an object due to gravity
e.g. Object of mass of 70 kg
Weight on the moon ??

Moon gravity is 1.622m/s2 (around 1/6)

Earth gravity is 9.81 m/s2
Weight on the moon = (70kg / 9.81m/s2) x (1.622m/s2) = 11.57 kg
State of Matter
Opinions in CHAT….
Solid
Solid: Rigid matter which
- is relatively incompressible
- has a fixed shape and volume

Examples: ??
Liquid
Liquid:
Fluid matter which
is relatively incompressible
has a fixed volume but no fixed shape

Examples ??
Gas
Gas:
Fluid matter which
is an easily compressible fluid
has no fixed shape (fills whole
container)

Examples ??
Plasma
Superheated ionized gas
consisting of charged particles

Examples ??
Atomized Na
Classification of Matter
Physical or Chemical Changes
and Properties
Physical Change
Physical change: No new substance formed
e.g. Ice melts to water
Physical property is observed without the formation of a new substance
e.g.
Melting Ice --- Solid to liquid form of H2O (no formula change)
Chemical Change
Chemical change:
A new substance is formed
Chemical property is observed when a
new substance is formed
e.g.

Water is converted to oxygen and

hydrogen
2H2O(g) ® 2H2(g) + O2 (g)
Pure substances and mixtures
Opinions in CHAT….
Pure substances and mixture
A pure substance has a constant
composition and distinct
property
e.g. Elements (Fe, C) and compounds
(NaCI, CuSO4)

A mixture is a combination of two

or more substances which retain
their distinct identities (The
components can be separated by
physical means such as filtration
or evaporation)
eg. Milk (serum + proteins ++) and
air (O2 ++)
Type of Mixture
Homogeneous mixture
Composition of the mixture is uniform (the same) throughout

eg. Copper Sulphate, CuSO4 solution

Heterogeneous mixture
Composition is variable or not uniform (consists of regions called phases
that differ in properties)
eg. Oil in water and dust
Elements
– Elements are the basic “building blocks” of all matter, which cannot be broken down into
simpler substances by any physical and chemical methods.
– Atoms are the smallest possible unit of an element.
– Compounds are substances which consist of at least two or more elements chemically
combined together.
– Molecules are the smallest possible unit of a compound and consist of at least two or more
atoms chemically combined. Molecules may be comprised of atoms from the same element
(eg. Cl2) or atoms of different elements (ie. compound eg. H2O).
– Mixtures are a combination of at least two or more atoms or molecules not chemically
combined together.
Elements
Elements are the basic building blocks of matter

(there are 109 elements: 92 elements are found naturally, 27 are

"man-made")

The names and symbols of common elements should be memorized

Name and
symbols for
common
elements
Fun Fact: Essential Elements in the Human Body
Notes
Next class

CONTINUATION

Introduction to matter: atoms,

elements, molecules, compounds
and mixtures.