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Mockup as Internet of Things

Application for Hydroponics Plant
Monitoring System
Fitria Hidayanti

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology

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WARSE T he World Academy of Research in Science and Engineering
 International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 5157 - 5164

Mockup as Internet of Things Application for Hydroponics Plant

Monitoring System

Fitria Hidayanti, Fitri Rahmah, Ahmad Sahro

Engineering Physics Department, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia
fitriahidayanti@gmail.com

Abstract

Indonesia is an agrarian country that is mostly populated as a farmer. Most of the land in
Indonesia is mostly used for agricultural production processes. However, in the current
era, agricultural land in Indonesia is increasingly narrow for agriculture, because it is
being converted for industrial development. Based on the problem, there have been
various methods of planting that only need a narrow land but still can produce the needs
of the community, such as vegetables, fruits and other to meet the needs. One of the
methods used today is farming with hydroponics systems. Hydroponics is very suitable to
be applied to areas that are experiencing limited planting land. Hydroponics can be
cultivated throughout the year without getting acquainted with the season. Therefore, the
selling price of the harvest is not worried will fall. The maintenance of hydroponics plants
is easier because the place is relatively clean, the media is sterile, the plant is protected
from rain, the attacks of pests and diseases are relatively small, as well as healthier
plants and higher productivity. However, the majority of farmers in Indonesia in
hydroponic plants are still constrained by plant maintenance. Constraints on plant
maintenance by hydroponic farmers namely, the measurement and conditioning of plant
nutrients such as pH values should be inspected and controlled daily manually and other
parameters such as pH, temperature, light intensity and liquid level that can affect the
ideal condition of the plant. In addition, the power used in the conventional system in the
supply of electrical, so it will be challenging to use in a location far from the electric
terminal. Thus, Mockup as internet of things application as a system that can monitor
various parameters remotely and keep the parameter of hydroponics fluid automatically
can also work anywhere with energy alternative such as solar panels, so as to facilitate
farmers in maintaining the soil.

Keywords: mockup, internet of things, hydroponics, monitoring, system

1. Introduction
Indonesia is an agrarian country that is mostly populated as a farmer. Most of the land
in Indonesia is mostly used for agricultural production processes. However, nowadays,
agricultural land in Indonesia is increasingly narrow for agriculture because it is converted
to industrial development [1, 2]. Based on the problem, there are various methods of
planting that only need narrow land but still can produce the needs of the community,
such as vegetables, fruits and others to meet the needs. One of the methods used today is
planting with a hydroponic system [3-6]. Hydroponics is very suitable to be applied to
areas that are subjected to cultivation.
Hydroponics can be cultivated throughout the year without getting acquainted
with the season [7-10]. Therefore, the selling price of the harvest is not worried will fall.
The maintenance of hydroponics plants is easier because the place is relatively clean, the
media is sterile, the plant is protected from rain, pests and diseases are relatively small, as
well as healthier plants and higher productivity . However, the majority of farmers in
Indonesia in hydroponic plants are still constrained by plant maintenance [11-14].

ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 5157

Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
 International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 5157 - 5164

Constraints on plant maintenance by hydroponic farmers, i.e. the measurement

and conditioning of plant nutrients such as pH values should be inspected and controlled
daily manually and other parameters such as brightness, temperature and liquid level that
can affect the ideal condition of the plant. In addition to the power used in a conventional
system within there is electricity. Thus it is challenging to use in a location far away from
the electric terminal. Thus, Mockup as the internet of things [15-17] application as a
system that can monitor various parameters remotely and keep the parameter hydroponic
fluid can automatically work anywhere with alternative energy such as solar panels,
making it easier for farmers to maintain the soil [18-22].

2. Materials and Method

Broadly, the research is done by several stages, namely sensor calibration, solar panel
testing and the design of a hydroponic system.
pH Sensor Ccalibration
The tools made have a measure of pH. Therefore, a calibration process is needed so
that the pH value produced by this tool corresponds to the actual pH value [23, 24]. The
calibration process is done by dipping the sensor pH in the buffer solution, as Figure 1
below.

Figure 1: pH Sensor Calibration Schematic

Ultrasonic Sensor Calibration

Measurements of distance using the ultrasonic HC-SR04 sensors [25, 26]. Therefore,
the sensors must be calibrated with a distance standard unit. The standard measuring S
used is a gauge block that has a specific distance value. Testing of the sensor is based on a
variety of distance. The variation of distance used is 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, and 50
cm. The ultrasonic sensor Calibration process is shown in Figure 2.

ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 5158

Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
 International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 5157 - 5164

Figure 2: Ultrasonic Sensor Calibration Schematic

Solar Panel System
Testing the solar panels done is by measuring the value of the voltage and the current
that goes into the solar panel when it is directed to the sunlight [27-29]. The solar panels
to be applied in the Hiroponik are static. For that, it will be carried out angle tilt testing
against the amount of power produced by solar panels. Here is an image of testing
schematic solar panels in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Solar Panel Testing Schematic

Designing a Remote Hydroponic Monitoring System

Figure 4: Hydroponic System

Remote hydroponic monitoring system consists of 3 main components, i.e.

system data retrieval, server and Android applications [30, 31].

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Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
 International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 5157 - 5164

3. Results and Discussion

This system has 3 sections which are a mockup of the application, the second is the
analysis of relationships 4 the monitored parameters and the third is the survival system
so as to produce hydroponics grow well.
Mockup application
The Mockup or display of the app has 3 main sections, i.e. home, chart, and table and
has shapes like Figure 5.

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 5: Mockup application (a) Home View, (b) Table View, (c) Graph View
In the home section of the application display is a real-time dashboard that displays
data from the existing 4 parameters, i.e. temperature (0C), Illumination (LUX), pH Water
and liquid level (cm) on the storage tank. In addition, it is equipped with a loading age to
remind how long the plant ages from the planting period. So far, the new application
emits a sound on the buzzer when the pH of the measurement results is below or above
the standard limit. The standard or ideal limit of pH is 6.5 to 7.5. For now, the application
does not have a function for pH control, temperature, lighting, and volume in the tank.
The table page serves to display the data in the per-day table form from a specific date
selected from the date selection form. The Graphs page serves to display data in the daily
chart form from the specific date selected from the Date selection form.
Data Analysis
After comparing the temperature graph and the pH has a reverse relationship that is
when the temperature rises, then the pH is slowly falling down and vice versa. For more
clarity can be seen in Figure 5 and Figure 6 about the pH chart and temperature graph for
the following 7 days.

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Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
 International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 5157 - 5164

Temperature (0C) Day 1

Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
Day 6
Day 7

Time Period

Figure 6: Temperature Data for 7 Days

pH

Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
Day 6
Day 7

Time Period

Figure 7: pH Data for 7 Days

Both charts in Figure 6 and Figure 7 show the relationship between temperature
changes and time period, as well as between pH changes and time period as in Table 1.

ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 5161

Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC
 International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 5157 - 5164

Table 1: Plot Relations between Temperature Changes and pH Changes

No Temperature (0C) pH
1 30.08 6.97
2 29.25 6.97
3 29.00 6.98
4 28.57 6.98
5 8.06 6.98
6 27.55 6.99
Based on the results of plotting data, the value difference between the highest and the
lowest value obtained 2.5 0C and pH as 0.017 with this can be concluded that each change
1 degree Celsius, then the pH will change around 0.007 on the nutritional fluid. This
magnitude value will differ for each liquid with different compositions and
concentrations.
Plants Growth
One factor in the most important hydroponic automation process is the plant being
planted. If the process of controlling hydroponics runs smoothly, then the plant on it will
be good fine. In the process of testing was done to plants Pakcoy 7 days (ready to plant)
until the age of 14 days. The progression of this plant is shown in Figure 8.

(a) (b)

Figure 8: Pakcoy Growth (a) 7 days, (b) 14 days

Condition of plant Pakcoy after 14 days can be detected in good condition with data
conditions Pakcoy in Table 2.
Table 2: Rate of Plant Growth

Planting age Height Number of

No Colour
(days) (cm) Leaves (pieces)
1 7 10 2 Green
2 8 10 2 Green
3 9 11 2 Green
4 10 12 2 Green
5 11 12 3 Green
6 12 13 3 Green
7 13 14 3 Green

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 International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 5157 - 5164

These conditions can be concluded that the plant is getting a good condition while in
hydroponics which means the system works well.

4. Conclusion
The results of this study can be concluded that:
• The tool has been able to and regulate the pH conditions in the desired range
of 6.5 to 7.5 and has been proven by the process of the actuators check that
valve and its control system function properly even in the process of data
retrieval changes in pH not significantly occur so that this feature is not
visible in the chart. This is because of the small amount of hydroponics so
that the pH does not change too much and will differ if the range of the area
of hydroponics is enlarged.
• From the 4 variables in measure turned out to have such a relationship
o Lighting can be used as markers for environmental conditions such as
forest weather or not, and whether the condition is dark.
o The relationship between the lighting parameters and the temperature is
linear because the light (in this case the sun) is the only the existing
source.
o The relationship between the temperature and pH parameters is the
reversal, each additional temperature of 1 0C, pH decreases about 0.06 or
becomes increasingly acidic with the increase of temperature.
o At the liquid level does not occur noticeable changes, this is due to the
small number of plants so that the Photosynthesis process does not
overaffect the amount of water in the system.
• The Hydro Eyes application has been able to display the targeted parameter
data and can be used as additional monitoring tools.

Acknowledgments
Thank you for Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM)
Universitas Nasional and our colluagues at Faculty of Engineering and Science,
Universitas Nasional, Jakarta for the support.

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