2.

GRAPHS, FUR1 2015 VCAA 2 MC

FURMATHS: GRAPHS AND RELATIONS
A point that satisfies the inequality is
Linear Programming
A.
Teacher: Dora Verrocchi
B.
Exam Equivalent Time: 98.25 minutes (based on VCE allocation of 2.25
min/mark for FUR1, and 1.5 min/mark for FUR2) C.

D.

Questions E.

1. GRAPHS, FUR1 2012 VCAA 3 MC

3. GRAPHS, FUR1 2010 VCAA 4 MC
The manager of an office is ordering finger food for an office party.
Hot items cost $2.15 each and cold items cost $1.50 each.
Let be the number of hot items ordered.
Let be the number of cold items ordered.
The manager can spend no more than $5 for each of the 200 employees.
An inequality that can be used to represent this constraint is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

The shaded area in the graph above represents the feasible region for a linear programming
problem.
The minimum value of the objective for this feasible region is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4. GRAPHS, FUR1 2012 VCAA 8 MC 6. GRAPHS, FUR1 2015 VCAA 7 MC
Daisey’s bread shop makes white and brown bread subject to the following constraints. The graph below shows the cost, , of printing wedding invitations.
• No more than 240 loaves of bread can be made each day.
• At least five loaves of white bread will be made for every loaf of brown bread that is made.
Let be the number of loaves of white bread that are made each day.
Let be the number of loaves of brown bread that are made each day.
A pair of inequalities that could be written to represent these constraints is
A.
B.

C.

D.

E. A function that can be used to model this is

5. GRAPHS, FUR1 2014 VCAA 7 MC

The value of is
Consider the following statements that relate to the solution of linear programming problems.
A.
Which one of the following statements is true?
B.
A. Only one point can be a solution.
C.
B. No point outside the feasible region can be a solution.
D.
C. To have a solution, the feasible region must be bounded.
E.
D. Only the corner points of a feasible region can be a solution.
E. Only the corner points with integer coordinates can be a solution.
7. GRAPHS, FUR1 2018 VCAA 03 MC C.
D.
The three inequalities below were used to construct the feasible region for a linear
programming problem. E.

Part 2
Which one of the following rules could be used to describe the graph above?

A point that lies within this feasible region is A.

A.

B. B.

C.
C.
D.
E.
D.

8. GRAPHS, FUR1 2006 VCAA 3-4 MC

E.

A gas-powered camping lamp is lit and the gas is left on for six hours. During this time the
lamp runs out of gas.
The graph shows how the mass, , of the gas container (in grams) changes with time, (in
hours), over this period.

Part 1
Assume that the loss in weight of the gas container is due only to the gas being burnt.
From the graph it can be seen that the lamp runs out of gas after
A.
B.
9. GRAPHS, FUR1 2008 VCAA 5 MC 10. GRAPHS, FUR1 2008 VCAA 8 MC
A mixture contains two liquids, and . A region is defined by the following inequalities
Liquid costs $2 per litre and liquid costs $3 per litre.
Let be the volume (in litres) of liquid purchased.
Let be the volume (in litres) of liquid purchased. A point that lies within this region is
Which graph below shows all possible volumes of liquid and liquid that can be A.
purchased for exactly $12?
B.

C.
D.

E.
11. GRAPHS, FUR1 2010 VCAA 9 MC 12. GRAPHS, FUR1 2015 VCAA 5 MC
Two roof sections of a building are separated by a vertical window. For an overnight school excursion there must be at least one teacher for every 15 students.
Let be the number of students
be the number of teachers.
The inequality for this constraint is
A.
B.
C.

D.

E.

13. GRAPHS, FUR1 2016 VCAA 7 MC

The roof sections are modelled by two straight line graphs as follows.
Simon grows cucumbers and zucchinis.
Let be the number of cucumbers that are grown.
Let be the number of zucchinis that are grown.
For every two cucumbers that are grown, Simon grows at least three zucchinis.
The vertical window has height 1 m. An inequality that represents this situation is
The value of is
A.
A.
B. B.
C.
C.
D.
E. D.

E.
14. GRAPHS, FUR1 2017 VCAA 5 MC 16. GRAPHS, FUR1 2008 VCAA 4 MC
A childcare centre requires at least one teacher employed for every 15 children enrolled. When shopping, Betty can use either Easypark or Safepark to park her car.
Let be the number of teachers employed. At Easypark, cars can be parked for up to 8 hours per day.
Let be the number of children enrolled. The fee structure is as follows.
Which one of the following is the inequality that represents this situation?
A.

B.
Safepark charges fees according to the formula

C.
Betty wants to park her car for 5 hours on Monday and 3 hours on Tuesday.
D.
The minimum total fee that she can pay for parking for the two days is
E. A.
B.
15. GRAPHS, FUR1 2007 VCAA 6 MC C.
D.
Russell is a wine producer. He makes both red and white wine.
E.
Let represent the number of bottles of red wine he makes and represent the number of
bottles of white wine he makes.
This year he plans to make at least twice as many bottles of red wine as white wine. 17. GRAPHS, FUR2 2007 VCAA 3
An inequality representing this situation is Gas is generally cheaper than petrol.
A. A car must run on petrol for some of the driving time.
B. Let be the number of hours driving using gas
C. be the number of hours driving using petrol
D. Inequalities 1 to 5 below represent the constraints on driving a car over a 24-hour period.
E. Explanations are given for Inequalities 3 and 4.
Inequality 1:
Inequality 2:

Inequality 3: The number of hours driving using petrol must not exceed half
the number of hours driving using gas.

Inequality 4: The number of hours driving using petrol must be at least one
third the number of hours driving using gas.

Inequality 5:

a. Explain the meaning of Inequality 5 in terms of the context of this problem. (1 mark)
 Event organisers set constraints on the time taken, in minutes, to run and cycle during the
The lines and are drawn on the graph below.
event.
Inequalities 1 to 6 below represent all time constraints on the event.

Inequality 1: Inequality 4:

Inequality 2: Inequality 5:

Inequality 3: Inequality 6:

a. Explain the meaning of Inequality 3 in terms of the context of this problem. (1 mark)

The lines and are drawn on the graph below.

b. On the graph above

i. draw the line (1 mark)

ii. clearly shade the feasible region represented by Inequalities 1 to 5. (1 mark)

On a particular day, the Goldsmiths plan to drive for 15 hours. They will use gas for 10 of
these hours.
c. Will the Goldsmiths comply with all constraints? Justify your answer. (1 mark)

On another day, the Goldsmiths plan to drive for 24 hours.

Their car carries enough fuel to drive for 20 hours using gas and 7 hours using petrol.
b. On the graph above
d. Determine the maximum and minimum number of hours they can drive using gas while i. draw and label the lines and (2 marks)
satisfying all constraints. (2 marks)
ii. clearly shade the feasible region represented by Inequalities 1 to 6. (1 mark)
Maximum = ___________ hours
One competitor, Jenny, took 100 minutes to complete the run.
Minimum = ___________ hours
c. Between what times, in minutes, can she complete the cycling and remain within the
constraints set for the event? (1 mark)
18. GRAPHS, FUR2 2008 VCAA 3
d. Competitors who complete the event in 90 minutes or less qualify for a prize.
An event involves running for 10 km and cycling for 30 km. Tiffany qualified for a prize.
Let be the time taken (in minutes) to run 10 km i. Determine the maximum number of minutes for which Tiffany could have cycled. (1
mark)
be the time taken (in minutes) to cycle 30 km
 ii. Determine the maximum number of minutes for which Tiffany could have run. (1 mark) She sells two Snorestop pillows for each Softsleep pillow sold. She cannot sell more than
150 pillows in total each week.

19. GRAPHS, FUR2 2010 VCAA 3 e. Show that a new inequality for the number of pillows sold each week is given by
Inequality 4:
Let be the number of Softsleep pillows that are sold each week and be the number of
where is the number of Softsleep pillows that are sold each week
Resteasy pillows that are sold each week.
and is the number of Resteasy pillows that are sold each week. (1 mark)
A constraint on the number of pillows that can be sold each week is given by
Softsleep pillows sell for $65 each.
Inequality 1:
Resteasy pillows sell for $50 each.
a. Explain the meaning of Inequality 1 in terms of the context of this problem. (1 mark)
Snorestop pillows sell for $55 each.
Each week, Anne sells at least 30 Softsleep pillows and at least Resteasy pillows.
f. Write an equation for the revenue, dollars, from the sale of all three types of pillows, in
These constraints may be written as terms of the variables and . (1 mark)
Inequality 2: g. Use Inequalities 2, 3 and 4 to calculate the maximum possible weekly revenue from the
Inequality 3: sale of all three types of pillow. (2 marks)
The graphs of and are shown below.
20. GRAPHS, FUR2 2006 VCAA 3
Harry offers dog washing and dog clipping services.
Let be the number of dogs washed in one day
be the number of dogs clipped in one day.
It takes 20 minutes to wash a dog and 25 minutes to clip a dog.
There are 200 minutes available each day to wash and clip dogs.
This information can be written as Inequalities 1 to 3.
Inequality 1:
Inequality 2:
Inequality 3:
a. Draw the line that represents on the graph below. (1 mark)

b. State the value of . (1 mark)

c. On the axes above

i. draw the graph of (1 mark)

ii. shade the region that satisfies Inequalities 1, 2 and 3. (1 mark)

d. Softsleep pillows sell for $65 each and Resteasy pillows sell for $50 each.
What is the maximum possible weekly revenue that Anne can obtain? (2 marks)

Anne decides to sell a third type of pillow, the Snorestop.

 Inequality 1 and inequality 2 give some restrictions on and .
inequality 1
inequality 2
There are 48 students to accommodate in total.
A powered camp site can accommodate up to six students and an unpowered camp site can
accommodate up to four students.
Inequality 3 gives the restrictions on and based on the maximum number of students
who can be accommodated at each type of camp site.
inequality 3
a. Write down the values of and in inequality 3. (1 mark)

School groups must hire at least two unpowered camp sites for every powered camp site
they hire.
b. Write this restriction in terms of and as inequality 4. (1 mark)

The graph below shows the three lines that represent the boundaries of inequalities 1,
In any one day the number of dogs clipped is at least twice the number of dogs washed.
3 and 4.
b. Write Inequality 4 to describe this information in terms of and . (1 mark)

c.
i. On the graph on page 18 draw and clearly indicate the boundaries of the region
represented by Inequalities 1 to 4. (2 marks)
ii. On a day when exactly five dogs are clipped, what is the maximum number of dogs
that could be washed? (1 mark)
The profit from washing one dog is $40 and the profit from clipping one dog is $30.
Let be the total profit obtained in one day from washing and clipping dogs.
d. Write an equation for the total profit, , in terms of and . (1 mark)

e.
i. Determine the number of dogs that should be washed and the number of dogs that
should be clipped in one day in order to maximise the total profit. (1 mark)
ii. What is the maximum total profit that can be obtained from washing and clipping dogs
in one day? (1 mark)
c. On the graph above, show the points that satisfy inequalities 1, 2, 3 and 4. (1 mark)

21. GRAPHS, FUR2 2013 VCAA 4 d. Determine the minimum number of camp sites that the school would need to hire. (1 mark)

The school group may hire two types of camp sites: powered sites and unpowered sites. e. The cost of each powered camp site is $60 per day and the cost of each unpowered camp
site is $30 per day.
Let be the number of powered camp sites hired i. Find the minimum cost per day, in total, of accommodating 48 students. (1 mark)
be the number of unpowered camp sites hired. School regulations require boys and girls to be accommodated separately.
 The girls must all use one type of camp site and the boys must all use the other type of 23. GRAPHS, FUR2 2017 VCAA 3
camp site.
Lifeguards are required to ensure the safety of swimmers at the beach.
ii. Determine the minimum cost per day, in total, of accommodating the 48 students if
there is an equal number of boys and girls. (1 mark) Let be the number of junior lifeguards required.
Let be the number of senior lifeguards required.
22. GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 4 The inequality below represents the constraint on the relationship between the number of
senior lifeguards required and the number of junior lifeguards required.
Cheapstar Airlines wishes to find the optimum number of flights per day on two of its most
popular routes: Alberton to Bisley and Alberton to Crofton.
Constraint 1
Let be the number of flights per day from Alberton to Bisley
be the number of flights per day from Alberton to Crofton
a. If eight junior lifeguards are required, what is the minimum number of senior lifeguards
Table 4 shows the constraints on the number of flights per day and the number of crew per required? (1 mark)
flight.
There are three other constraints.
Constraint 2
Constraint 3
Constraint 4
b. Interpret Constraint 4 in terms of the number of junior lifeguards and senior lifeguards
required. (1 mark)
The lines and are graphed below.

The shaded region of the graph below contains the points that satisfy Constraints 1 to 4.

A profit of $1300 is made on each flight from Alberton to Bisley and a profit of $2100 is made
on each flight from Alberton to Crofton.
Determine the maximum total profit that Cheapstar Airlines can make per day from these
flights. (2 marks) All lifeguards receive a meal allowance per day.
Junior lifeguards receive $15 per day and senior lifeguards receive $25 per day.
 The total meal allowance cost per day, , for the lifeguards is given by Worked Solutions

1. GRAPHS, FUR1 2012 VCAA 3 MC

c. Determine the minimum total meal allowance cost per day for the lifeguards. (2 marks)

d. On rainy days there will be no set minimum number of junior lifeguards or senior lifeguards
required, therefore:
• Constraint 2 and Constraint 3 are removed
• Constraint 1 and Constraint 4 are to remain.

Constraint 1

Constraint 4

The total meal allowance cost per day, , for the lifeguards remains as

How many junior lifeguards and senior lifeguards work on a rainy day if the total meal
allowance cost is to be a minimum?
Write your answers in the boxes provided below. (1 mark)

2. GRAPHS, FUR1 2015 VCAA 2 MC

VCE Mathematics examination questions reproduced by permission, VCAA. VCE is a registered trademark of the VCAA. The
VCAA does not endorse or make any warranties regarding this study resource. Current and past VCE exams and related
content can be accessed directly at www.vcaa.vic.edu.au.
3. GRAPHS, FUR1 2010 VCAA 4 MC 7. GRAPHS, FUR1 2018 VCAA 03 MC

8. GRAPHS, FUR1 2006 VCAA 3-4 MC

4. GRAPHS, FUR1 2012 VCAA 8 MC

♦ Mean mark 50%.

5. GRAPHS, FUR1 2014 VCAA 7 MC

6. GRAPHS, FUR1 2015 VCAA 7 MC

9. GRAPHS, FUR1 2008 VCAA 5 MC 11. GRAPHS, FUR1 2010 VCAA 9 MC

♦ Mean mark 48%. ♦ Mean mark 37%.

10. GRAPHS, FUR1 2008 VCAA 8 MC

♦ Mean mark 46%.

12. GRAPHS, FUR1 2015 VCAA 5 MC

♦ Mean mark 37%.

MARKER'S COMMENT: Test
your answer. 40% of students
chose C which means 10
students would be supervised
by over 150 teachers!

13. GRAPHS, FUR1 2016 VCAA 7 MC

14. GRAPHS, FUR1 2017 VCAA 5 MC

15. GRAPHS, FUR1 2007 VCAA 6 MC

♦♦ Mean mark 34%.

16. GRAPHS, FUR1 2008 VCAA 4 MC

♦♦ Mean mark 29%. c.

MARKER'S COMMENT:
Almost half of students failed to
take into account that the same MARKER'S COMMENT: A
car park did not have to be mark was only awarded if a
used on each day, and reference was made to the 5
incorrectly answered D. hours driving.

d.

♦♦♦ "Very few" obtained both

answers here.
MARKER'S COMMENT: Many
ignored that the Goldsmiths
17. GRAPHS, FUR2 2007 VCAA 3 planned to drive for 24 hours.

a.

18. GRAPHS, FUR2 2008 VCAA 3

a.
♦♦ Mean mark of parts (b)-(d)
(combined) was 33%.
b.i. & ii.

b.i. & ii.

 19. GRAPHS, FUR2 2010 VCAA 3
a.

b.

c.i. & ii.

c.

♦♦ Mean mark of parts (c)-(d)

(combined) was 19%.

d.i.

d.

d.ii.

e.
 ♦♦ Mean mark of parts (e)-(g) 20. GRAPHS, FUR2 2006 VCAA 3
(combined) was 24%.

a.

f.

g.

b.

c.i.
 21. GRAPHS, FUR2 2013 VCAA 4
a.

b.

c.

c.ii.

♦♦ Mean mark of parts (c)-(e)

(combined) was 27%.

d.

e.i. d.

♦♦ Mean mark of parts (c)-(e)

combined was 22%.

e.i.

e.ii.
 23. GRAPHS, FUR2 2017 VCAA 3

a.
e.ii.

b.

c.

22. GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 4

d.

♦♦ Mean mark 24%.

MARKER'S COMMENT: A
common incorrect answer was
10 and 3.

9 3

Copyright © 2016-2019 M2 Mathematics Pty Ltd (SmarterMaths.com.au)

♦♦♦ Mean mark 9%.

MARKER'S COMMENT: Many
students incorrectly substituted
the point of intersection
(4.5,5.5) into the equation.
Integer values within the
feasible region were required.