FIRST YEAR PAST PAPERS’ REASONING QUESTIONS

Q1. How is DNA different from RNA?

A. The differences that distinguish DNA from RNA: (a) RNA contains the Ribose, while
DNA contains Deoxyribose sugar, RNA has uracil while DNA contains thymine and RNA
is single stranded structure while DNA is double stranded structure.

Q2. Why are leukocytes known as the soldiers of the body?

A. They are known as soldiers of the body because they fight against foreign bodies like
pathogens and antigens and protect the human body from diseases and infections.

Q3. How does smoking cause lungs cancer in Man?

A. Smoking causes lung cancer by damaging the cells that line the lungs. Cigarette
chemicals make it harder for cells to repair any DNA damage. They also damage the
parts of DNA that protect us from cancer. It's the build-up of DNA damage in the same
cell over time that leads to cancer

Q4. Why can kiwi not fly?

A. Kiwis can't fly unlike most birds because their flat breastbones lack the keel and strong pectoral
muscles required for flight. Their wings can't possibly lift their heavy bodies off the ground

Q5. Why is liver called metabolic factory?

A. The liver is a metabolic factory because it performs more than 500 chemical functions in
the organism. ... In addition, the liver produces bile that helps to digest fats in the small
intestine. So, the liver helps our organism to transform specific substances into
compounds that the body needs.

Q6. Why is butter solid at room temperature but mustard oil is not?
A. Butter is solid at room temperature because it contains saturated fatty acid whereas mustard oil
is liquid because it contains unsaturated fatty acid.

Q7. Why is Taenia solium not digested in the intestine of man?

A. Taenia solium is not digested in the intestine of man because it absorb their nutrients
from the gut contents of the host directly through their outside surface, tegument. New
proglottids are constantly formed in the neck of the worm and along the length of the
tapeworm they mature.

Q8. Which disease is caused by the impairment of hemoglobin? Name any two type.
A. A) Sickle cell anemia B) Thalassemia

Q9. Why are glycolipids called as cerebrosides?

A. A glycosphingolipid is a glycolipid comprised of a carbohydrate and a sphingolipid.
Cerebrosides are glycosphingolipids found in the cell membranes of the neurons and the
muscle cells

From the desk of

Dr. Shaikh Zain-Ul-Abideen (SMBBMC)
Q10. Why do some animals undergo ecdysis and moulting?
A. Many animals undergo molting as a means of shedding their outer layer—feathers, hair, skin, or
exoskeleton—so they can grow bigger or prepare for their next life stage.

Q11. Why is the blood of insects color less?

A. The blood of insects is colorless because hemoglobin is not present in its blood. The
circulatory system of insects is of open type i.e., it has no veins and arteries. The oxygen
is directly transferred into the tissue.

Q12. Why are the lungs of birds more efficient than human lungs?
A. Bird lungs are much better at getting oxygen out of the air than human lungs. This is
important for birds, because they use up a lot of energy when they fly, so their cells need
more oxygen to get the energy out of the food they eat.

Q13. Why are valve absent in the lumen of artery?

A. Blood in the arteries, after being pumped by the heart, are under much higher pressure
than blood in veins so there is no need for valves in arteries to prevent back flow

Q14. How does the substrate concentration effect the activity of enzyme?
A. The activity of an enzyme increases with the increase in the substrate concentration up to a
certain limit, it mean as the concentration of substrate increases the activity of enzyme
increases.

Q15. Why is the double circuit heart in the animal is better than single circuit heart?
A. Double circuit heart in animal is better because in this system oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood is separated and oxygen is easily supplied to the tissue and all the organs whereas in
single circuit circulation the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood is mixed.

Q16. Why is air better respiratory medium than water?

A. Air is less dense than water, which makes it easier to breath, and air contains a higher
concentration of oxygen.

Q17. Why is archaeopteryx considered as connecting link between reptiles and birds?
A. Archaeopteryx is known to be a communicating connection between reptiles and
birds because it looks like a bird and has bird wings. The teeth and tail, however, are
closer to those of reptiles. Therefore Archaeopteryx links reptiles and birds.

From the desk of

Dr. Shaikh Zain-Ul-Abideen (SMBBMC)