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PDF Tekuk Torsi Lateral DL
PDF Tekuk Torsi Lateral DL
HBF\O 1
• Wncincj lolhlc `nobe tncpn fueucjnc slmnrn ontlrno fnpnt hlcjnonhk tleue tbrsk ontlrno
nek`nt `l`nc olctur yncj tlrinfk (hbhlc olctur).
(n)
(`)
• Vleue tbrskbcno-ontlrno pnfn fnsnrcyn nfnond snhn flcjnc tleue olctur ntnu tleue-tbrskbcno
- Wlr`lfn
Wlr`lfnnccy
nccyn
n nfnond
nfnond tleu
tleue
e tbrskbcn
tbrskbcno-ont
o-ontlrno
lrno fksl`n`
fksl`n`enc
enc bold
bold `l`nc
`l`nc olctur
olctur (H), fnc
flabrhnsk tleue fkpnsncjenc fnonh nrnd tbrsk fnc ontlrno.
nfnond tltnp ebcstnc slpncincj lolhlc. Vltnpk, uctue `nobe, `knsncyn tleue tbrskbncno-
ontlrno fksl`n`enc hbhlc olctur H(x) yncj `lrvnrknsk slpncincj lolhlc tne tlrelencj.
- ]ktunsk tlr`urue nfnond uctue `nobe yncj fk`l`nck hbhlc olctur slrnjnh slpncincj
• Flcjnc
Flcjnc hlckcin
hlckcinu
u suntu
suntu `nobe
`nobe slflrdnc
slflrdncn,
n, fk`l`n`
fk`l`n`nck
nck lhpnt
lhpnt tktke `l`nc
`l`nc sl`njn
sl`njnkhnc
khncn
n
fktuciueenc fnonh Jnh`nr fk`nwnd kck. @lctncj tlcjnd `nobe fk`lroneuenc hbhlc olctur
slrnj
slrnjnh,
nh, uckabrh `lcfkcj hbhlct
H. Nsuhske
Nsuhskenc
nc `ndnwn
`ndnwn elencjn
elencjnc
c ontlrno
ontlrno fkslfkne
fkslfknenc
nc
W W
O `
• @kon pncincj tncpn elencjnc slmnrn ontlrno O` nfnond ol`kd elmko ntnu snhn flcjnc
• kon O` 3 O
@kon p , hnen tleue tbrsk ontlrno nenc tlrinfk fnc enpnsktns hbhlc `nobe nenc
kck.
Hc 8 H p
O ∐ O
Yx Ay 8 H p
H c 8 H p ∐ ( H p ∐ H r ) ` p
Or ∐ O p
O p O r
\c`rnmlf olcj
\c`rnmlf lcjtd,
td, O `
• ]l`njn
]l`njnkhnc
khncn
n fksniken
fksnikenc
c fnonh
fnonh Jnh`nr
Jnh`nr >7 fkn
fkntns,
tns, hbhlc tleue
tleue tbrsk ontlrno ( H
tbrsk ontlrno c 8 Hmr )
nfnond
nfnond suntu aucjsk
aucjsk fnrk pncincj
pncincj tncpn plcjneu ontlrno O` fnc fnpnt fkdktucj flcjnc
plcjneu ontlrno
hlcjjucnenc plrsnhnnc9
0
χ χ Ú L
H c 8 H mr 8 Ú I +
L Ú K y Ú J
Ú K y Ú M w
O` O`
Flcjnc flhkeknc kck dncyn nenc `lelrin slpncincj plcnhpncj nfnond lonstks fnc tkfne
Or nfnond pncincj tncpn elencjnc yncj `lrenktnc flcjnc hbhlc tleue tbrsk ontlrno.
Hr 8
8 7.:7 ]x Ay.
Hr nenc
nenc hlcmnpnk plololdnc plcnhpncj `lrenktnc tljncjnc sksn (rlskfuno
( rlskfuno strlssls).
strlssls).
pncincj ponstks O p , hnen tleue tbrsk ontlrno Hc fk`lrkenc fnonh plrsnhnnc `lrkeut kck9
1.>.0 ENWN]KVN]
ENWN]KVN] HBHLC @NOBE- HBHLC OLCV\P VNE
VNE ]LPNJNH
• ]l`njnkhncn tlond fksl`utenc sl`louhcyn, ensus flcjnc hbhlc olctur slrnjnh nfnond
tlrilole (wbrst
(wbrst ) uctue tleue tbrsk-ontlrno.
• \ctue
\ctue ensus-en
ensus-ensus
sus flcjnc
flcjnc hbhlc
hbhlc olctur
olctur tne-slrnj
tne-slrnjnh
nh (cbc-uckab
cbc-uckabrh
rh `lcfkcj hbhlct )),,
>0.< H hnx
• M ` 8
0.< H hnx + = H N + 6 H @ + = H m
fkhncn, H hnx 8 ckonk hbhlc olctur hneskhuh, fnonh `lctncj O`
H N 8 ckonk hbhlc olctur pnfn tktke slplr lhpnt fnrk O`
H M 8 ckonk hbhlc olctur pnfn tktke tkjn plr lhpnt fnrk O`
- Wlctkcj
Wlctkcj uctue
uctue fkmntnt,
fkmntnt, `ndwn
`ndwn enpnsktn
enpnsktns
s hbhlc
hbhlc olctur
olctur yncj
yncj `lrtnh`n
`lrtnh`nd
d uctue
uctue ensus
ensus
- Enrlcn ktu, `kon ckonk-ckonk yncj fkdktucj 3 H p , hnen dnrus fkrlfuesk hlcinfk H p
H p
c H
H r
,
y
t M 8 >.<
k
`
m
n
p M ` 8 >.0
n
M
t M ` 8 >.7
c
l
h
b
H
O p Or
\c`rnmlf olcjtd, O `
Jnh`nr >>. Enpnsktns hbhlc vlrsus O` uctue ensus hbhlc tkfne slrnjnh (cbc-uckabrh
(cbc-uckabrh).
).
@nobe-`nobe `nin fkflsnkc uctue `l`nc flsnkc tlranetbr. Enpnsktns hbhlc, slplrtk eleuntnc
hbhlc tlranetbr ( ρ
` H c ) slonynecyn ol`kd `lsnr fnrk hbhlc ( H
c ) yncj fksl`n`enc
]untu struetur yncj hlhpucynk elhnhpunc onync hlrupnenc suntu struetur yncj fnpnt
Flaolesk
Flaolesk hneskhuh
hneskhuh `nobe
`nobe flsnkc
flsnkc fkplrkes
fkplrkesn
n pnfn
pnfn `l`nc-`
`l`nc-`l`n
l`nc
c onync.
onync. Flaolesk
Flaolesk yncj
yncj
`lren
`lrenktn
ktnc
c `l`n
`l`nc
c onync
onync kck dnrus
dnrus ol`kd
ol`kd elmko
elmko fn
fnrk
rk ckonk
ckonk-ck
-ckonk
onk yn
yncj
cj tl
tlond
ond fktlt
fktltnp
npen
enc
c
plrnturnc.
Ckonk-ckon
Ckonk-ckonkk flaolesk
flaolesk `lrkeut kck nfnond
nfnond ckonk-cko
ckonk-ckonk
nk fla
flaoles
oleskk tbtno
tbtno yncj
yncj fkkzkcen
fkkzkcenc
c (`l`nc
(`l`nc dkfup
dkfup
onync/slrvkml
onync/ slrvkml okvl obnf ) 9
• Fnonh mbctbd `lrkeut, fknsuhskenc `ndwn tleue obeno fnc tleue tbrsk-ontlrno tkfne nenc
fkebctrbo fnonh elnfnnc `ntns, slplrtk hksnocyn plcnhpncj nfnond ebhpne fnc slmnrn
ontlrno fkelencj slpncincj `lctncj.
Mbctbd > 9
Flsnk
Flsnkc
c `nob
`nobe
e sl
slfl
flrdn
rdncn
cn sl`nj
sl`njnk
nkhnc
hncn
n fksni
fksniken
kenc
c fk`nw
fk`nwnd
nd kck,
kck, fk`lro
fk`lrone
neuen
uenc
c `l
`l`n
`nc
c hntk
hntk
tlrfkstrk`usk hlrntn 6<7 o`s/at fnc `l`nc dkfup hlrntn <<7 o`s/at. @l`nc hntk tlrsl`ut tkfne
• ]tlp >.
>. Hlcjdktucj `l`nc flsnkc tlranetbr (tncpn `lrnt slcfkrk).
wu 8 >.0 wF + >.1 wO 8>,60 ekps/at Hu 8 wu O0 / 4 8 >.60 x =70 / 4 8 ><;.:< ekp-at.
]tlp 0. ]
0. ]lolesk
lolesk plcnhpncj pnokcj rkcjnc fnrk tn`lo-tl`lo flsnkc hncuno NK]M.
Wkokd Z>6x=7 fk`unt fnrk hutu `nin <7 esk flcjnc ρ ` Hp 8 >::,7 ekp-at.
]tlp =.
=. Wlhlrkesnnc flaolesk pnfn `l`nc dkfup onync
∁ 8 < w O 6 / (=46 L Kx) 8 < x (7.<</>0) x (=7 x >0)6 / (=46 x 0;777 x0;> )
]tlp 6. Flsnkc
6. Flsnkc uoncj flcjnc flaolesk `l`nc-onync sl`njnk erktlrkn flsnkc
Wkokd9 Z>1x=>
Z>1 x => flcjnc Kx 8 =:< kc6 fnc ρ `Hp 8 07= ekp-at (<7 esk stllo).
stllo).
Wlrdntkenc
Wlrdntkenc `ndwn erktlrkn flsnkc elhnhpunc onync (slrvkmln`kokty
(slrvkmln`kokty ) tlond
tlond fkjucne
fkjucnenc
nc fnonh
fnonh
hlcjbctrbo flsnkc plcnhpncj
Mbctbd 0. Fls
Flsnkc
nkc `nobe
`nobe sl`njn
sl`njnkhnc
khncn
n fksniken
fksnikenc
c fk`nwnd
fk`nwnd kck. @l`nc
@l`nc hntk fnc dkfup
dkfup tkfne
tkfne
=7 at.
• ]tlp >. Hlcjdktucj
>. Hlcjdktucj @l`nc Flsnkc Vl
Vlranetbr
ranetbr (tncpn `lrnt slcfkrk).
wu 8 >.0 wF + >.1 wO 8 >.0 x 7.1: + >.1 x 7.:< 8 0.776 ekps / at.
Wu 8 >.0 W F + >.1 WO 8 >.0 x 7 + >.1 x >7 8 >1.7 ekps
]tlp 0. ]lolesk
0. ]lolesk plcnhpncj pnokcj rkcjnc fnrk tn`lo-tn`lo hncuno NK]M.
Wkokdond Z0>x66 yncj fk`unt fnrk hutu `nin <7 esk flcjnc ρ `Hp 8 =<4.7 ekp-at.
]tlp =. Wlhlrkesnnc
=. Wlhlrkesnnc flaolesk pnfn `l`nc dkfup onync.
@l`nc-`l`nc onync
∁ 8 < x >.616 x =17 6 / (=46 x 0;777 x >0 x 46=) + >7 x =17= / (64 x 0;777 x 46=)
Nsuhsk ebcstruesk
ebcstruesk onctnk fkpolstlr
onctnk fkpolstlr ∁ hnx 8 O/=17