University of Zakho

College of Engineering
Mechanical Department
Fourth Stage (2019-2020)
(Mechanical Control Laboratory)
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
Lecture (1)
Mr. MAJEED ALI
majeed.abdulrazaq@uoz.edu.krd
A simplest system consists from a pump, reservoir, directional valve, pressure
relieve valve, actuator, and filter.

Actuator

Relieve
valve
Pump
Types of a positive displacement
pump
Double –acting cylinder
With double piston rod
 Oil Seals

Double-acting cylinder
with adjustable cushioning
Gear motor
direction valve positions
Direction Valve types
Used to control the pressure of relatively small flows
when the pressure increases sufficiently to move the pilot poppet valve from
its seat, fluid goes to drain, and the resulting pressure imbalance on the
main valve piston causes it to move in the direction of lower pressure and
opens to drain. This valve Design for high pressure and high flow circuit.
Pressure reducing valves are used in hydraulic systems where it is necessary
to lower the normal system operating pressure by a specified amount. A
reducing valve can normally be set for any desired pressure, the reduced
pressure is maintained regardless of changes in supply pressure . This type of
valve normally open is used to maintain reduced pressures in specified
locations of hydraulic systems.

This pressure regulator valve regulates the pressure at connection A to

“setting pressure” and equalizes the pressure fluctuations . This pressure
reducing valve allows the fluid to flow from P to A when the pressure at A is
lower than the "Setting Pressure". But, when the pressure at A exceeds the
"Setting Pressure", the valve closes.
This valve maintains a constant output pressure A despite fluctuating input
pressure P ,the hydraulic fluid is drained off at T when the pressure at
connection A exceeded the “setting pressure”.
If system downstream pressure A below the “setting pressure”, fluid will
flow freely from the inlet P to the outlet A. When the outlet pressure A
increases to valve setting , the spool moves to the right to partially block the
outlet port A and hydraulic bleeding to tank.
Accumulators: are a combination of pneumatic – hydraulic devices
serving the following two function:
1- To store energy over a long period and release it to help the pump
over short intervals.
2- To reduce shock in hydraulic system due to their ability to absorb
energy.
Types of Accumulator:
1. Bladder type: contains an elastic
barrier (bladder) between the oil
and gas .
2. Piston type: consists of cylinder
containing a freely floating piston
with proper seals, the piston
serves as the barrier between the
gas and oil.

Accumulators pre-charged with an inert gas usually dry nitrogen.. oxygen

and air not used because tend to burn under compression with oil
Speed control for extension stroke
The main function of pressure reducing valve is to control the pressure in
a sub-circuit, regardless of pressure fluctuations in the main circuit. This
valve can also be used to control the force exerted by a cylinder as
illustrated in the below circuit diagram. This valve is normally open, this
valve closed when pressure reach presetting pressure .this valve use
when we want Cylinder B applied lesser force than cylinder A
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