DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

REGION III
Schools Division of Cabanatuan City
Maharlika Highway, Cabanatuan City

Water Resources on Earth

EARTH SCIENCE

11
Writer/Illustrator/Layouter: Kharol Jane C. Lopez (Teacher I, Marciano
Del Rosario Memorial National High School)

Project EL AR:
Enhance Learning
thru Adequate Resources
SHS
 GUIDE FOR THE LEARNER, PARENTS,
GUARDIANS AND LEARNING FACILITATOR

To You, Learner:

Welcome to Earth Science Grade 11 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Water Resources

on Earth! This module was made to give you with fun and meaningful time for guided and
independent learning at your convenience. You will be able to process the contents of
this Module while being an active learner.

To You, Parent/s, Guardian/s and Learning Facilitator/s:

This Module was collaboratively developed and reviewed by the teachers, school
heads and supervisors of DepEd Division of Cabanatuan City to assist you in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their different
constraints in schooling. As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how
to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

This Module is about Water Resources on Earth that includes discussion of the lesson,
test, and different activity that will enhance the understanding of the learners.

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 OBJECTIVES

1. Identify the different water resources on Earth; and

2. Explain the different uses of various water resources on Earth.

COMPETENCY

Identify the various water resources on Earth

S11/12ES-If-g-15

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 WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?

Pre-Test Directions: Read each question and choose the letter of the
correct answer.

1. Which percent covers the marine and fresh water of the Earth?
a.30% b. 60% c. 73% d. 90%

2. All of the following statement is correct EXCEPT.

a. Water is required for various domestic purposes.
b. Water of any quality is good for living organisms.
c. Water is one of the abundantly available substance in the nature.
d. Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to
humans.

3. River, lake or fresh water wetland are examples of this kind of water resources.
a. Surface water
b. Under river flow
c. Ground water
d. Desalination
4. It is very useful to replenish renewable resources.
a. condensation
b. precipitation
c. evaporation
d. heat

5. It store water as snow and ice, releasing varying amounts of water into local streams
depending on the season.
a. Surface water
b. Ground water
c. Salt water
d. Glacier

6. It is a kind of water that is not best for drinking.

a. Ground water
b. reservoir
c. Salt water
d. Surface water

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7. It is an artificial process by which saline water is converted to fresh.
a. evaporation
b. desalination
c. filtration
d. decantation

8. It is the water found under the cracks and space in soil or rocks.
a. Ground water
b. reservoir
c. Salt water
d. Surface water

9. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?

a. Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh water wetland.
b. Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to
humans
c. Saline water cannot be converted in fresh water.
d. Precipitation can be in form of rain, snow, dew

10. Which of the following is TRUE?

a. All of the available water on Earth are in good quality.
b. Water is not required in any industrial work.
c. Fresh water is non-renewable resources.
d. The remaining unfrozen fresh water is mainly found as ground water.

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 WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Water is one of the abundantly available substance in the nature which men have
exploiting more than any other resources for the sustenance of life. Water of good quality
is required for living organisms. Water is required for various domestic purposes like
irrigation, shipping, sanitation, power generation, drinking, industries etc. About 73% of
earth is covered with marine and fresh water which is present in rivers, lakes, ponds,
glaciers, mountains with ice caps etc. Human population increases day by day and it
increases consumption of amount of fresh water.

Water Resources

Water resources are sources of water that

are useful or potentially useful to humans. Uses of
water include agricultural, industrial, household,
recreational and environmental activities.
Virtually all of these human uses require fresh
water. 97% of water on the Earth is salt water,
leaving only 3% as fresh water of which slightly
over two thirds is frozen in glaciers and polar ice
caps. [1] The remaining unfrozen freshwater is
mainly found as groundwater, with only a small
fraction present above ground or in the air.[2]
Fresh water is a renewable resource, yet the
world's supply of clean, fresh water is steadily
decreasing. Water demand already exceeds
supply in many parts of the world and as the
world population continues to rise, so too does
the water demand.

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Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh water wetland.

 It is naturally replenished by precipitation and naturally lost through discharge to

the oceans, evaporation, and sub-surface seepage.
 Although the only natural input to any surface water system is precipitation within
its watershed, the total quantity of water in that system at any given time is also
dependent on many other factors.
 These factors include storage capacity in lakes, wetlands and artificial reservoirs,
the permeability of the soil beneath these storage bodies, the runoff
characteristics of the land in the watershed, the timing of the precipitation and
local evaporation rates.
 All of these factors also affect the proportions of water lost.

Under river flow

 Throughout the course of the river, the total volume of water transported
downstream will often be a combination of the visible free water flow together
with a substantial contribution flowing through sub-surface rocks and gravels
that underlie the river and its floodplain called the hyporheic zone.

Ground water is the water found under the cracks and space in soil or rocks.
 It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, and rocks
called aquifers.

Desalination is an artificial process by which saline water (generally sea water) is

converted to fresh water.
 The most common desalination processes are distillation and reverse osmosis.
 Desalination is currently expensive compared to most alternative sources of
water, and only a very small fraction of total human use is satisfied by
desalination. It is only economically practical for high-valued uses (such as
household and industrial uses) in arid areas.

Precipitation – rain, snow, dew etc. – plays the key role in renewing water resources and
in defining local climatic conditions and biodiversity.
 Depending on the local conditions, precipitation may feed rivers and lakes,
replenish groundwater, or return to the air by evaporation.

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 Glaciers store water as snow and ice, releasing varying amounts of water into local
streams depending on the season.
 But many are shrinking as a result of climate change.

Uses of fresh water Uses of fresh water can be categorized as consumptive and non-
consumptive (sometimes called "renewable").

 A use of water is consumptive if that water is not immediately available for another
use. Losses to sub-surface seepage and evaporation are considered consumptive,
as is water incorporated into a product (such as farm produce).
 Water that can be treated and returned as surface water, such as sewage, is
generally considered non-consumptive if that water can be put to additional use.

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 WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED?

Post-Test Directions: Read each question and choose the letter of the
correct answer.

1. All of the following is TRUE about surface water EXCEPT.

a. River, lake or fresh water wetland are examples of surface water.
b. Surface water can naturally replenished by precipitation.
c. Surface water can be found under the cracks and space in soil or rocks.
d. Surface water naturally lost through discharge to the oceans,
evaporation, and sub-surface seepage.

2. All of the following statement is incorrect EXCEPT.

a. Water is not required for various domestic purposes.
b. Water of any quality is good for living organisms.
c. Water is not abundantly available substance in the nature.
d. Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially
useful to humans.

3. It is an artificial process by which saline water is converted to fresh.

a. evaporation
b. desalination
c. filtration
d. decantation

4. It is very useful to replenish renewable resources.

a. condensation
b. precipitation
c. evaporation
d. heat

5. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?

a. Surface water is renewable resources.
b. Ground water stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations
of soil
c. Salt water cannot be converted in fresh water.
d. Glaciers store water as snow and ice, releasing varying amounts
of water into local streams depending on the season.

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 Post-Test Directions: Modified TRUE or FALSE. Write TRUE if the
statement is correct and if NOT change the underlined word to make
the statement true

6. Desalination is expensive compared to most alternative sources of water,

7. 97% of water on the Earth is fresh water.

8. Glaciers store water as snow and ice, releasing varying amounts of water into
local streams depending on the season.

9. Water that can be treated and returned as surface water, such as sewage, is
generally considered non-consumptive.

10. Energy resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to
humans.

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 ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY 1

Directions: Crossword puzzle. Identify the following to complete the

crossword puzzle

Down:
1. It store water as snow and ice, releasing varying amounts of water into local
streams depending on the season.
2. It can be in a form of rain, snow, dew.
4. These are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to humans.

Across
3. It is water in a river, lake or fresh water wetland.
5. It is an artificial process by which saline water is converted to fresh water.
6. It is a sub-surface rocks and gravels that underlie the river and its floodplain.

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 ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY 2

Directions: Reading comprehension. Read the article about Water

Resources in the Philippines: An Overview of its Uses, Management,
Problems and Prospects and answer the following questions.

Water Resources in the Philippines: An Overview of its Uses, Management, Problems and
Prospects

In 2004, capture fisheries and aquaculture have supplied the world with 106
million tons of food fish (FAO, 2006). Of this, 43% came from aquaculture. In the
Philippines, aquaculture has contributed significantly, i.e. 2,093,371 mT in 2006 when
compared with the total fishery production of 2,316,185.77 mT (BAS, 2006). Within the
growing aquaculture industry, it is accepted that good water quality is needed for
maintaining viable aquaculture production. Poor water quality can result in low profit,
low product quality and potential human health risks. Production is reduced when the
water contain contaminants that can impair development, growth, reproduction, or
even cause mortality to the cultured species. Some contaminants can accumulate to
the point where it threatens human health even in low quantities and cause no obvious
adverse effects. The fish perform all its physiological activities in the water – breathing,
excretion of waste, feeding, maintaining salt balance and reproduction. Thus, water
quality is the determining factor on the success or failure of an aquaculture operation.
The continued degradation of water resources due to anthropogenic sources
necessitates a guideline in selecting sites for aquaculture using water quality as a basis.
This paper reviews the water quality standards set by different countries. Each
parameter is provided with basic information and a scientific basis for each value set
as standard. It aims to provide useful information on water quality standards that the
Philippine government and aquaculture operators can adapt, with a primary objective
of promoting higher production yield, better product quality, and with a minimum
impact to the environment. The information contain here is limited to available
literatures and country standards. Moreover, the standards set by the ASEAN are still at
interim stage. Cultured species as well as production system may not all be covered.

Answer the following questions:

1. What is the importance of good quality water?
1. Good quality water is needed to maintaining viable aquaculture production.
2. What will happen when water contains contaminants?
3. Explain the determining factor on the success or failure of an aquaculture operation.
4. Why do we need to take the water resources?
5. What do you think is the best way to help and sustain the development of different
water resources?

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 ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY 3

Directions: Complete the table by identifying the problems and

solutions of the given water resources.

Problems Solutions

Surface water

Under river flow

Ground water

Saline water

Precipitation

Glaciers

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 14
What Do You Already Know? What Have You Learned?
1. c 1. c
2. b 2. d
3. a 3. b
4. b 4. b
5. d 5. c
6. c 6. TRUE
7. b 7. Salt water
8. a 8. TRUE
9. c 9. TRUE
10. d 10. Water resources
Activity Number 1
1. Glaciers
2. Precipitation
3. Surface Water
4. Water resources
5. Desalination
6. Hyperheic zone
Activity Number 2
1. Good quality water is needed to
maintaining viable aquaculture production.
2. Production is reduced when the water
contain contaminants that can impair
development, growth, reproduction, or even
cause mortality to the cultured species.
3. Water quality is the determining factor on
the success or failure of an aquaculture
operation.
4. Water resources are very important in
sustaining the lives of different organisms.
5. Be responsible and show act of kindness.
1.
ANWER KEYS
 REFERENCES

Online Sources

1. Earth's water distribution" (http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/waterdistribution.html).

United States Geological Survey. . Retrieved 2009-05-13.
2. "Scientific Facts on Water: State of the Resource"
(http://www.greenfacts.org/en/water-resources/index.htm#2). GreenFacts
Website. . Retrieved 2008-01-31
3. Hoekstra, A.Y. 2006. The Global Dimension of Water Governance: Nine Reasons
for Global Arrangements in Order to Cope with Local Problems. Value of Water
Research Report Series No. 20 UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education
(http://www.gwsp.org/downloads/govworkshop/Hoekstra.pdf)
4. The World's Water 2006-2007 Tables, Pacific Institute"
(http://www.worldwater.org/data.html). Worldwater.org. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
5. "Water Development and Management Unit - Topics - Irrigation"
(http://www.fao.org/nr/water/topics_irrigation.html). FAO. . Retrieved 2009-03-12.
6. "Groundwater in Urban Development" (http://www-
wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&
theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=
000009265_3980429110739). Wds.worldbank.org. . Retrieved 2009-03-12.
7. Wolf, Aaron T. “Water and Human Security.” Journal of Contemporary Water
Research and Education. 118. (2001): 29

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 Water Resources on Earth
This Module is about Water resources that includes discussion of the lesson,
test, and different activity that will enhance your understanding as a learner. With
a learning competency that will helps you “Identify the various water resources on
Earth”. And at the end of this module you are expected to identify the different
water resources on Earth; and explain the different uses of various water resources
on Earth. This module includes interesting enrichment activities that will help you
improve your understanding about this topic.

Have fun and enjoy learning!

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region 3
Division of Cabanatuan City
Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
This self-learning module (SLM) is developed by the SDO Cabanatuan City CID-LRMDS Team under Project
EL AR: Enhanced Learning thru Adequate Resources.
Cover and page elements illustrations by Jan Carl B. Briones ● Project EL AR logo by Gemmarie G. Rivas