DETERMINING THE EQUATION

OF A QUADRATIC FUNCTION
and PROBLEM SOLVING
for Mathematics Grade 9
Quarter 1/Week 8

1
 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit will serve as a guide in determining the equation of a

quadratic function given the (a) table of values; (b) graph and (c) zeros; and solving
problem related to it. It will be your aid as you learn new ideas and enrich your
existing knowledge about mathematical concepts.

LESSON 1
OBJECTIVES:
Knowledge: Recall the equation of quadratic function
Skill: Determine the equation of a quadratic function given the
(a) table of values; (b) graph; and (c) zeros
Attitude: Appreciate the skill in determining the equation of a
quadratic function in various ways.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Determines the equation of a quadratic function given the (a) table of values;
(b) graph and (c) zeros. (M9AL –Ij-1)

I. WHAT HAPPENED

PRE-TEST
DIRECTION: Find out how much you already know about Quadratic
Function. Read and choose the correct answer .

1. What is the equation of the quadratic function represented by the table of values
below?
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 13 6 3 4 9

2
 a. y = x2 - x +3 c. y = 2x2 +x – 3
b. y = 2x2 –x+3 d. y = -2x2-x + 3
2. Find the equation of the quadratic function represented by the table of values
below:
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
y -20 -13 -8 -5 -4 -5

a. y = -x2 - 4 b. y = x2-4 c. y = x2 + 4 d. y = -x + 4
3. Determine the equation of the quadratic function given the graph below;
a. y= (x+1)2-1
b. (x-1)2 +4
c. (x+1)2 - 4
d. (x+1)2- 2

4. What is the equation of the quadratic function whose zeros are ±√3 ?
a. y = x2 - 3 b. y = x2 + 3 c. y = x2 - 2 d. y = x2 + 2
5. What is the equation of the quadratic function whose zeros of the function are -3
and 5?
a. f(x) = x2 -2x-15 c. f(x) = x2-2x-15
b. f(x) = x2+ 2x+15 d. f(x) = x2-x-1
6. Find the equation of the quadratic function determined by the graph below:
a. y = x2 + x - 3
b. y = x2 – x +3
c. y = x2 –x + 1
d. y = x2 –x -1

3
II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Start engaging yourself by recalling the methods of finding the roots of
quadratic equations and relate them with the zeros of quadratic functions. Be guided
with the illustrative examples provided.

Example 1.
Determine the equation of the quadratic function represented by the
table of values below.

x −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
y 6 0 −4 −6 −6 −4 0
Step1. Substitute three (3) ordered pairs (x, y) in y = ax2 + bx + c

(-2, 6) ( 3, -4) ( 2, -6)

6 = a ( -2)2 + bx + c -4= a(3)2 + bx + c -6 = a(2)2 + bx + c

6 = 4a -2b + c eq.1 -4 = 9a + 3b + c eq.2 -6 = 4a + 2b + c eq.3

Step 2. Solve for the values of a, b and c.

Subtract corresponding terms in equation 2 from equation 1 to eliminate c.
Eq. 1 6 = 4a – 2b + c
minus
Eq. 2 -4= 9a + 3b + c
We have 10= -5a – 5b --------- equation 4
Subtract corresponding terms in eq. 3 from eq. 2 to eliminate c.

minus Eq. 2 -4 = 9a + 3b + c
Eq. 3 -6 = 4a + 2b + c
We have 2 = 5a + b ----------------- equation 5
Notice that equation 4 and equation 5 constitute a system of linear equations
in two variables. To solve for b, add corresponding terms in equation 4 and
equation 5 .

4
 Eq. 4 + eq. 5 10 = -5a -5b
2 = 5a + b
12 = - 4b
12 −4
= b b = -3
−4 −4

Substitute the value of b in equation 4 and solve for a.

10 = -5a -5b
10 = -5a – 5(-3)
10 = -5a + 15
10 – 15 = - 5a
−5 −5
= 𝑎 a=1
−5 −5

Substitute the value of b and a in equation 1 and solve for c.

6 = 4a – 2b + c
6 = 4 ( 1 ) – 2 ( -3) + c
6=4+6+c
6 = 10 + c
6 – 10 = c -4 = c
Thus, a = 1, b = -3, and c = -4.
Substitute these in f(x) = ax2 + bx + c;
thus, the quadratic function is f(x) = x2 -3x - 4.

Do you have an idea on how to find the equation of a quadratic

function given the graph? Join me in my quest in determining an
equation of a quadratic function given a graph

5
Remember:
When the vertex and any point on the parabola are clearly seen, the equation of
the quadratic function can easily be determined by using the form of a
quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 .
• Substitute the coordinates of the point you have taken in the variables x and
y and x- coordinate and y – coordinate of the vertex in place of h
and k, respectively.
• Solve for a.

Remember:
• Get the equation of a quadratic equation in the form of 𝑦 = (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘
by substituting the obtained value of a and the x and y coordinates of the
vertex h and k respectively.

Example 2.
Determine the quadratic function of the graph below.

Solution:
The vertex of the graph of the quadratic function is ( -1, -4). The graph passes
through (1,0). By replacing x and y, with 1 and 0, respectively, and h and k
with -1 and -3, respectively, we have
𝒚 = 𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + 𝒌
. 0 = 𝑎 (1 − (−1)2 + (−4)
0 = a ( 1 + 1) 2 - 4
0 = a (2)2 - 4
0 = 4a - 4
4a = 4
a=1

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 Thus, the quadratic equation is 𝒚 = 𝟏(𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟒 or 𝒚 = (𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟒
𝒐𝒓 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑

Example 3.
Determine the equation of the quadratic function of the graph below.

Solution:
The vertex of the graph of the quadratic function is (1,-2). The graph passes
through the point (0, -3). By replacing x and y with 0 and -3, respectively, and
h and k with 1 and -2, respectively, we have
𝒚 = 𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + 𝒌
-3 = a( 0-1)2 + ( -2)
-3 = a ( -1)2 -2
-3 = a-2
a = 2 + -3
a = -1
Thus, the quadratic equation is 𝑦 = −1( 𝑥 − 1)2 − 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3.

Aside from the method presented above, you can also determine the equation
of a quadratic function from its zeros.

Study the mathematical concepts below to have a clearer picture on how to

get the quadratic equation of a quadratic function from its zeros.
If r1 and r2 are the zeros of the function then, 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑎 ( 𝑥 − 𝑟1) ( 𝑥 − 𝑟2 )
where a is a nonzero constant that can be determined from other point on the graph.
Also, you can use the sum and product of the zeros to find the equation of the
quadratic function.

7
Example 4.
Find the equation of the quadratic function whose zeros are 3 and -1.
Solution:
Since the zeros are r1 = 3 and r2 = -1, then
Sum: 3 + (-1) = 2, hence, b = -2, a =1
Product: 3(-1) = - 3, hence, c = -3, a =1
Since a = 1, b = -2 and c = -3
So the equation should be 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3

Example 5. Find the equation of a quadratic function with zeros ±√3.

Solution:
x = √3 and x = −√3
x - √3 = 0 and x + √3 = 0
(x - √3 ) (x + √3 ) = 0
𝑥2 − 3 = 0
Thus, an equation of a quadratic function is 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3
(Byrant et al. 2014)

Activity 1. What’s the message?

Decode the message by determining the equation of the quadratic function
represented by the table of values, graph and zeros. Write the words corresponding
to the obtained equation in the box provided after the equation.

given you an intelligence

things under his guidance.

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The zeros of the function are -1 and 6 Dear learners,

Do your best

Remember GOD has

The zeros of the function are -3 and -6

for you to do

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 18 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)2 + 2

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III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
POST TEST
Read, analyze, solve and write the correct answer in your answer sheet.
I. 1.) Determine the equation of the quadratic function represented by the
following table of values;
a.
x −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1
y 6 2 0 0 2 6 12
b. x −2 −1 0 1 2 3
y 8 0 2 −10 −12 −12
2.) Determine the equation of the quadratic function represented by the graphs
below.

a. b.
3.) Determine the equation of the quadratic function with zeros;
a. x = 4 and x = 1 b. x = -3 and x = 3
II. 1. What is the equation of the quadratic function represented by the table of
values below:
x −2 −1 0 1 2
y 13 6 3 4 9
a. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3 c. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3
b. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3 d. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3
2. Find the equation of a quadratic function represented by the table of values
below.
10
 x −4 −3 −2 −1 0 0
y −20 −13 −8 −5 −4 −5
a. 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 − 4 c. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4
b. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4 d. 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 4
3. Determine the equation of the quadratic function given the graph below;

a. y= (x+1)2-1 b. (x-1)2 +4 c. (x+1)2-4 d. (x+1)-2

4. Find the equation of the quadratic function determined by the graph below:
a. y = ( x - 2 )2 + 1 c. y = ( x-2)2 – 1
b. y = ( x – 1)2 -2 d. y= ( x+1)2 -1

5. What is the equation of the quadratic function whose zeros of the function are -3
and 5?
a. f(x)=x2 -2x-15 c. f(x)= x2-2x-15
b. f(x)= x2+ 2x+15 d. f(x)= x2-x-15
6. What is the equation of the quadratic function whose zeros are ±√3.
a. y = x2 - 3 b. y = x2 + 3 c. y = x2 - 2 d. y = x2 + 2

11
 REFERENCES

Bryant, M., et al. 2014. Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Module First

Edition. Pasig City: DepEd-IMCS

Oronce, O., Mendoza, M. 2003. Exploring Mathematics Intermediate

Algebra First Edition. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR KEY ANSWERS

6. a
5. a
4. b
3. a
2. a
1. b
POST-TEST
b. f(x) = x2 – 9
3. a. f(x) = x2-5x+4
b. y = x2-2x-8
TERESITA P. BUBOLE 2. a. y = -x2 -4x -5
is a Math Department Head of b. f(x) = x2 -5x -6
Demetrio L. Alviola National High 1. a. f(x) = x2 + 5x +6
School (DLANHS), Bindoy,
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED?

Negros Oriental.She’s been

6. b
5. a
teaching for 26 years as a Math 4. a
Teacher. 3. a
2. a
1. b
PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRETEST

12
 LESSON 2
OBJECTIVES:
Knowledge: Translate word problems involving quadratic
function into mathematical equations.
Skill: Solve problems involving quadratic function.
Attitude: Show the values of accuracy and orderliness in
LEARNING COMPETENCY:
solving problems involving quadratic function.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Solve problems involving quadratic function. (M9AL –Ij-1).

I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-TEST
DIRECTION: Find out how much you already know about Quadratic
function. Read and choose the correct answer.

1. Richard predicted that the number of mango trees, 𝑥, planted in a farm could yield
𝑦 = −20𝑥 2 + 2800𝑥 mangoes per year. How many trees should be planted to
produce the maximum number of mangoes per year?
a. 60 b. 70 c. 80 d. 90
2. Find two positive real numbers with a sum of 26 and the product is a maximum.
a. 12 and 14 b. 13 and 13 c. 10 and 16 d. 18 and 8
3. CJ wrote a function of the path of the stone kicked by Lanlan from the ground. If
the equation of the function he wrote is 𝑆(𝑡 ) = 16𝑡 2 + 8𝑘 + 1, where 𝑆 is the height
of stone in terms of 𝑡, the number of seconds after Lanlan kicks the stone. Which of
the statement is true?
a. CJ’s equation is not correct.
b. CJ’s equation described the maximum point reached by the stone.
c. The equation is possible to the path of the stone.
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 d. the equation corresponds to the path of the stone.
4. An object is fired straight up with a velocity of 64 ft/s. Its altitude (height) ℎ after
t seconds is given by ℎ(𝑡 ) = −16𝑡 2 + 64𝑡. When does the projectile hit the ground?
a. 3 seconds b. 4 seconds c. 5 seconds d. 6 seconds
5. What are the dimensions of the largest rectangular field that can be enclosed with
100 m of wire?
a. 24 m x 26 m b. 25 m x 25 m c. 50 m x 50 m d. 50 m x 25 m
(Bryant, et al. 2014)

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II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

The application of quadratic functions can be seen in many different fields

like physics, industry, business and in variety of mathematical problems. Familiarity
with quadratic functions, their zeros and their properties is very important in solving
real-life roblems.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:
1. Find two real numbers with sum 16 and the largest possible product.
Solution:
Let x = one of the numbers
16 – x = the other number
We want to find the value of x for which the function
f(x) = x ( 16 – x ) of f(x) = - x2 + 16x assumes its maximum value.
In the function f(x) = - x2 + 16x, a = -1 and b = 16.
𝑏
The maximum value occurs when x = ( − ) . Thus,
2𝑎
𝑏
x = − 2𝑎
16
x = 2( −1) = 8
∴ The two numbers are 8 and 8.

2. The sum of two numbers is 20. How large can their product be?
Solution:
Let x = one of the numbers
20 – x = the other number
The product of these two numbers is given by the quadratic function
f(x) = x ( 20 – x) = 20 – x2
In the standard form, this equation is
f(x) = -x2 + 20x
= - (x2- 20x + 100) + 100
= - ( x - 10)2 + 100

We know that the graph of the function is a parabola opening downward with
vertex (maximum point) at the point ( 10, 100). Therefore, we can conclude that the
maximum value of the product of the two numbers is 100 which is the y – value of
the vertex.
15
3. Find the dimension of the largest rectangular garden that can be enclosed by 100
m of fence.
Solution:
Let x and y denote the sides of the garden. Then the area A = xy must be given
its maximum value. The first thing we must do is to express A in terms of a
single variable – either x or y. The total perimeter is 100 meter. Thus
2x + 2y = 100
x + y = 100 Divide all the terms by 2
y = 50 – x Addition Property of Equality
Hence,
A = x (50 –x)
= 50x – x2
In standard form, this equation is
A = -x2 + 50x
= - ( x2 – 50x + 625 ) + 625
= - ( x – 25)2 + 625
Therefore, Amax = 625 sq. m. This is when x = y = 25 m.

4. A ball is thrown upward from a height of 6 feet with an initial velocity

of 32 feet per second. The height s at any given time t is given by
𝑠(𝑡 ) = −16𝑡 2 + 32𝑡 + 6
Where 𝑠(𝑡) is measured in feet and 𝑡 in seconds.
a. Find the maximum height attained by the object before it begins falling.

16
 b. find the time when the maximum height is reached.
c. Find the time when it reaches the ground.
Solution:
a. Writing 𝑠(𝑡) in standard form, we have
𝑠(𝑡 ) = -16𝑡 2 + 32𝑡 + 6
= -16 ( 𝑡 2 − 2𝑡) + 6
= -16(𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 + 1) 6 + 16 Completing the square
= -16(𝑡 − 1)2 + 22
Therefore, the vertex occurs at ( 1, 22) as shown in figure 1 and the maximum
height reached by the ball is 22 ft.

b. As given by the function A(s) = -16 ( 𝑡 − 1)2 + 22, the maximum height
was reached when 𝑡 = 1 second.
c. To find the time when it reaches the ground means a height of 0.
Hence, we have
𝑠(𝑡 ) = - 16( 𝑡 − 1)2 + 22
0 = - 16( 𝑡 − 1)2 + 22
0 = - 16 ( 𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 + 1) + 22
0 = - 1616𝑡 2 + 32𝑡 − 16 + 22
3
0 = 𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 − 8
Using the quadratic formula, we have
3
−(−2) ± √(−2)2 − 4(1) − 8
𝑡=
2(1)

17
 2±√4+ 1.5
𝑡= 2
2±√5.5
𝑡= 2
√5.5
𝑡=1 ± 2
√5.5
𝑡 =1+ or 2.17 seconds
2
(Oronce and Mendoza 2003)

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Activity 1. WHO AM I?
How do you call an outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic
area and affects an exceptionally high proportion of the population. Answer the
activity below.
Write the indicated letter of each question below into the circle that corresponds
to the correct answer.
D What are the two positive real numbers whose sum is 22 and the product is a
maximum?
A What are two positive real numbers whose sum is 40 and the product is a
maximum.
M Find the maximum rectangular area that can be enclosed by a fence that is 364
m long.
E Suppose a basketball is thrown 8 ft. from the ground. If the ball reaches the 10 cm
basket at 2.5 seconds, what is the initial velocity of the basketball?
N Find two real number whose sum is 36 and whose product is as maximum.
I A ball is launched upward at 14m/s from a platform 30 m high. What is the
maximum height the ball reaches?
O A rectangular garden is to be fenced by a farmer. One side of the garden is next
to the wall of the house and need not to be fenced. Find the dimension of the largest
garden that can be enclosed with 100 m of fencing.
C How long will it take the ball to reach the maximum height if it launches upward
at 14 m/s from a platform 30 m high.
P Marlon wants to fence a rectangular area that has one side bordered by an
irrigation. If he has 80m of fencing materials, what are the dimensions?
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 20 m by 40 m

POST TEST:

Direction: Read, analyze and solve the following problems:

1.) The batter hits the softball and it follows a path in which the height is ℎ is given
by h( 𝑡) = −2𝑡 2 + 8𝑡 + 3, where t is the time in seconds elapsed since the ball was
pitched. What is the maximum height reached by the softball?
a. 11 m b. 12 m c. 13 m d. 14 m

2.) A ball is projected into the air with an initial upward velocity of 72 feet per
second. The quadratic function ℎ = 72𝑡 − 16𝑡 2 describes the height, ℎ, of the ball
𝑡 seconds after it was projected into the air.

Based on the graph , which of the following is true?

a. The ball reached its maximum height in about 3 seconds.
b. The ball was in the air for less than 4 seconds.
c. The height 2.5 seconds after the ball was projected was 64 feet.
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 d. The height 3.5 seconds after the ball was projected was 56 feet.

3.) A rectangular garden is to be fenced off along a river bank. If no fence is needed
along the river, find the dimensions of the largest garden that can be fenced by 36 m
of wires.
a. 9 m by 18 m b. 16 m by 20 m c. 18 m by 18 m d. 2 m by 24m

4.) Find the number of products 𝑥 that produce a maximum profit P for
𝑃 = 900𝑥 − 0.1𝑥 2 .
a. P 4,500 b. P 4,300 c. P 4, 100 d. P 4,000

5.) The path of an object when it is thrown can be modeled by by S(t) = −16𝑡 2 +
8𝑡 + 4 where 𝑆 in feet is the height of the object 𝑡 seconds after it is released. What
is the maximum height reached by the object?
a. 5 ft b. 8 ft c. 20 ft d. 22 ft

20
 REFERENCES

Bryant, M., et al. 2014. Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Module First

Edition. Pasig City: DepEd-IMCS

Oronce, O., Mendoza, M. 2003. Exploring Mathematics Intermediate

Algebra First Edition. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

ANSWER KEY
5. b
4. a
3. a
2. d
1. a
POST-TEST

C
I
M
E

TERESITA P. BUBOLE D
N

is a Math Department Head of A

P
Demetrio L. Alviola National High Activity 1. Who am I?
School (DLANHS), Bindoy,
Negros Oriental.She’s been
4. b
3. b
teaching for 26 years as a Math 2. b
Teacher. 1. b
PRE-ACTIVITIES

21
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent
JOELYZA M. ARCILLA, EdD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS, EdD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY, EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ELISA L. BAGUIO, EdD

Division Education Program Supervisor – MATHEMATICS
MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)
TERESITA P. BUBOLE
Writer
CHRISTIAN EVEN D. SANTILLAN
Illustrator
LITTIE BETH S. BERNADEZ
Lay-out Artist

ALPHA QA TEAM
FLORENCIO M. BARTOLO, JR.
CHRISTIAN EVEN D. SANTILLAN
MELBA S. TUMARONG

BETA QA TEAM
ELIZABETH A. ALAP-AP
EPIFANIA Q. CUEVAS
NIDA BARBARA S. SUASIN
VRENDIE P. SYGACO
MELBA S. TUMARONG
HANNAHLY I. UMALI

SLK ENHANCEMENT/REFINEMENT TEAM

TERESITA P. BUBOLE
CHERYL V, ACABAL

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning modality to the teachers
and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the
set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate
this material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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