PCIEERD-DOST Form No.

2B
DETAILED RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL
(For the Component Project)
(To be accomplished by the researcher)

Key Result Areas

☐ Anti-Corruption and Transparent, Accountable and Participatory Governance
☐ Poverty Reduction and Empowerment of the Poor and Vulnerable
☒ Rapid, Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth
☐ Just and Lasting Peace and the Rule of Law
☐ Integrity of the Environment and Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation

DOST Five (5) Point Program

☐ Developing Solutions to Pressing National Problems
☐ Developing Appropriate Technologies to Create Growth in the Countryside
☒ Harnessing Technology to Improve Industry Competitiveness
☐ Using S&T to Enhance Delivery of Government and Social Services
☐ Harnessing Emerging Techno
logies to Boost National Competitiveness

PCIEERD R&D Agenda

☒ Industry Competitiveness
☐ Sustainable Energy
☐ Sustainable Mass Transport
☐ Integrity of the Environment, Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction

Note:
Put X on appropriate box

(1) Title/Leader/Gender/Agency/Address/Telephone/Fax/Email
Program Title: Competitive Advancement of Technologies & Competencies of Human Resources Upgrading
(CATCH-Up)

Project Title: Establishment of Diecasting Solution Center

Leader: Melchor A. Gamilla Gender: Male

Implementing Agency: Metals Industry Research and Development Telephone: 837-04-31 local 210 or 211
Center
Fax:
Address: Gen. Santos Ave., Bicutan, Taguig City Email: melgamilla@yahoo.com

Co-Implementing Agencies: Address:

1.
2.
n.
(2) Cooperating Agencies (3) Research & Development Station / Location
1. Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging
Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD) Metals Industry Research and Development Center
General Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City

(4) Site of Implementation/Municipality/District/Province/Region (Geographic Coverage Area)

Gen. Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City

(5) Classification (6) Sector/Discipline

Research: Development:
☐ Basic ☐ Pilot Testing ☐ Food ☐Biotechnology
☐ Applied ☒ Tech. Promotion ☐ Energy ☐Genomics
☐ Developmental ☐ Commercialization ☐ Environment ☐Material Science
☐ Disaster Risk Reduction ☐Electronics
☐ Process ☐ICT
 ☐ Mining & Minerals
☒ Metals & Engineering
Application
☐ Construction
☐ Transportation
☐Photonics Technology
☐Space Technology
☐Nano Technology

(7) Rationale/Significance

Die casting is one of the most preferred metal working methods making it a progressing industry worldwide. This is primarily
because of the capacity to produce geometrically complex metal parts at high production rate and the whole process can be fully
automated. Although dies may be expensive to develop, it has a lifecycle of estimated 100,000 shots that suitable for long run
castings. In addition, die castings are durable and the surface finish can be made smooth or textured and requires minimal
surface preparation for plating. For components that require high strength and précised dimension such as automotive parts,
engine blocks, telecommunication parts, instrument measuring tools, etc., die casting is an efficient and effective choice.

Table below shows the comparison of die castings with other products:

Plastic Injection Moldings Die castings are stronger, stiffer, more stable dimensionally, more heat
resistant, and are far superior to plastics on a properties/cost basis.
They help prevent radio frequency and electromagnetic emissions. For
chrome plating, die castings are much superior to plastic. Die castings
have a high degree of permanence under load when compared to
plastics, and are completely resistant to ultra-violet rays, weathering,
and stress-cracking in the presence of various reagents. Manufacturing
cycles for producing die castings are much faster than for plastic
injection moldings. Plastics, however, may be cheaper on a unit
volume basis, may have color inherent properties which tend to
eliminate finishing, are temperature sensitive, and are good electrical
insulators.
Sand castings Compared with sand castings, die castings require much less
machining; can be made with thinner walls; can have all or nearly all
holes cored to size; can be held within much closer dimensional limits;
are produced more rapidly in dies which make thousands of die
castings without replacement; do not require new cores for each
casting; are easily provided with inserts die cast in place; have
smoother surfaces and involve much less labor cost per casting. Sand
castings, on the other hand, can be made from ferrous metals and from
many non-ferrous alloys not suitable for die casting. Shapes not
producible by die casting are available in sand castings; maximum size
can be greater; tooling cost is often less and small quantities can be
produced more economically
Permanent mold castings Compared with permanent mold castings, die castings can be made to
closer dimensional limits and with thinner sections; holes can be cored;
die castings are produced at higher rates with less manual labor; have
smoother surfaces and usually cost less per die casting. Permanent
mold casting involves somewhat lower tooling costs, and can be made
with sand cores, yielding shapes not available in die casting.
Forgings Compared with forgings, die castings can be made more complex in
shape and have shapes not forgeable; can have thinner sections; can
be held to closer dimensions and have coring not feasible in forgings.
Forgings, however, are denser and stronger than die castings; have
properties of wrought alloys; can be produced in ferrous and other
metals, and in sizes not suitable for die castings.
Stampings Compared with stampings, one die casting can often replace several
parts. Die castings frequently require fewer assembly operations; can
be held within closer dimensional limits; can have almost any desired
variation in section thickness; involve less waste in scrap; are
producible in more complex shapes and can be made in shapes not
producible in stamped forms. Stampings, on the other hand, have
properties of wrought metals; can be made in steel and in alloys not
suitable for die casting, and in their simpler forms, are produced more
rapidly, and may weigh less than die castings.
 Screw machine products Compared with screw machine products, die castings are often
produced more rapidly; involve much less waste in scrap; can be made
in shapes difficult or impossible to produce from bar or tubular stock;
and may require fewer operations. On the other hand, screw machine
products can be made from steel and alloys which cannot be die cast.
They have the properties of wrought metals, and they require less
tooling expense.

Source: Advantage of Die Casting. Pace Industries.

Casting has become an integral part of worldwide industrialization. The wide range of application keeps the demand for cast
products on a steady increase. The automotive sector alone uses large volume of castings in product development. And the
continuous advancement in the industry drives the manufacturers to remain innovative. Product innovation includes materials
selection among other factors. For the past decades, aluminum has been taking its popularity as material of choice for casting.
Aluminum (Al) is of one of the most abundant metals on the earth’s crust and is completely recyclable without affecting its
properties and re-melting it requires small amount of energy. In addition, one of the key characteristics of Al is its light weight. It
is approximately one third the weight of steel but still high in strength. This is why car manufacturers employ aluminum for vehicle
frames and parts to significantly reduce weight of the assembly while increasing load capacity.

Alloys that are diecast include aluminum, zinc, magnesium and copper. Common diecasting processes include Hot Chamber
Diecasting, Cold Chamber Die casting, Gravity Diecasting and Squeeze Casting.

Type of Diecasting Description

Hot Chamber Die Casting
Hot-chamber die casting, also known as gooseneck machines, rely upon a pool of molten metal
to feed the die. At the beginning of the cycle the piston of the machine is retracted, which allows
the molten metal to fill the "gooseneck". The pneumatic or hydraulic powered piston then forces
this metal out of the gooseneck into the die. The advantages of this system include fast cycle
times (approximately 15 cycles a minute) and the convenience of melting the metal in the
casting machine. The disadvantages of this system are that it is limited to use with low- melting
point metals and that aluminum cannot be used because it picks up some of the iron while in the
molten pool. Therefore, hot-chamber machines are primarily used with zinc, tin, and lead based
alloys.

Cold Chamber Die These are used when the casting alloy cannot be used in hot-chamber machines; these include
Casting aluminium, zinc alloys with a large composition of aluminium, magnesium and copper. The
process for these machines start with melting the metal in a separate furnace. [11] Then a precise
amount of molten metal is transported to the cold-chamber machine where it is fed into an
unheated shot chamber (or injection cylinder). This shot is then driven into the die by a hydraulic
or mechanical piston. The biggest disadvantage of this system is the slower cycle time due to
the need to transfer the molten metal from the furnace to the cold-chamber machine.

Gravity Die Casting
Sometimes referred to as Permanent Mould, GDC is a repeatable casting process used for non-
ferrous alloy parts, typically aluminium, Zinc and Copper Base alloys. The process differs from
HPDC in that Gravity- rather than high pressure- is used to fill the mould with the liquid alloy.
GDC is suited to medium to high volumes products and typically parts are of a heavier sections
than HPDC, but thinner sections than sand casting.

Advantages
• Good dimensional accuracy
• Smoother cast surface finish than sand casting
• Improved mechanical properties compared to sand casting
• Thinner walls can be cast compared to sand casting
• Reverse draft internal pockets and forms can be cast in using preformed sand core inserts
• Steel pins and inserts can be cast in to the part
• Faster production times compared to other processes.
• Once the tooling is proven, the product quality is very repeatable.
• Outsourced tooling setup costs can be lower than sand casting.

Squeeze Casting Squeeze Casting combines the processes and advantages of Gravity Casting and Forging.
Squeeze Casting uses metal permanent molds and it has a material tank. The pouring process
uses a cylinder at the bottom of the material tank to push the material into molds. This pouring
process is similar as Gravity Casting, but Gravity Casting uses gravity instead of a cylinder to
load the mold.
 After material goes into the mold, the cylinder of the material tank continues loading pressure,
about 300 tons, until the end of the casting cycle. When the material in the mold starts to cool
down, it will begin to shrink. The cylinder will continue the loading pressure to push more metal
into the mold, making the casting more solid and with greater detail. This makes the process
similar to Forging. The casting quality of Squeeze Casting is close to Forging.

Process
Liquid metal is introduced into an open die, just as in a closed die forging process. The dies are
then closed. During the final stages of closure, the liquid is displaced into the further parts of the
die. No great fluidity requirements are demanded of the liquid, since the displacements are
small. Thus forging alloys, which generally have poor fluidities which normally precludes the
casting route, can be cast by this process

However, like any other processes, this method does not guarantee zero defects. Most common die casting defects are misruns
and coldshuts usually affected by temperature settings/control:

Defect Image Defect Name and Description

SHORT FILL
Main Cause: Metal is frozen before the cavity is filled or by
insufficient metal being ladled.

COLD SHUT
Main Cause: Metal is frozen when two metal fonts join.

SCALING
Main Cause: Layers of metal and oxides can be created by
poor shot end control and/or bad gate and runner design.

BLISTER
Main Cause: Trapped gases are in the casting when the die
is opened when the casting is still weak. This allows the
compressed gas to expand and cause a blister.
 FLASH
Main Cause: Metal pressure is too high upon the projected
surface area (facing the plattens) of the casting at the end of
cavity fill. This creates a force across the parting line which is
too great for the clamping force of the machine. The die is
then forced apart which allows metal to escape.

COLD FLAKES
Main Cause: Metal is allowed to cool too much in the shot
sleeve. The solid particles are then injected into the cavity.
These flakes are often clearly visible on the surface of the
casting with naked eye.

SHOT LUBE STAIN

Main Cause: The defect occurs when too much shot (tip)
lube is used.

Defect Image Defect Name and Description

AIR POROSITY
Main Cause: The defect is caused by trapped air in the
casting which can come from several sources. It can be
caused by poor shot end control, poor venting and overflow
function or bad gating and runner design.

DRAG MARKS
Main Cause: Insufficient draft or an undercut causing a
casting to be damaged on the surface when it is ejected. This
effect may be reduced by changing the temperature at which
the casting is ejected. Poor surface finish of the die can be
another cause.
HOT TEARING / CRACKING
Main Cause: This defect is caused by metal shrinking during
solidification while under tension. At the last place to solidify
a tear or crack develops which can be seen at the surface.
(NOT HOT SHORTNESS)

HOT SHORTNESS
Main Cause: The composition of the alloy causes the metal
to be too weak at high temperatures (after solidification). This
then can cause cracks in the surface of the casting to appear
in regions of high stress when the casting is cooling (and
contracting). NOTE: This defect can occur in conjunction with
hot cracking.

SINK
Main Cause: A sink is caused by a shrinkage cavity being
near the surface of the casting. This causes the surface of
the casting to collapse into the cavity as solidification occurs.
Sinks are caused by the same things as shrinkage porosity
as well as very poor thermal control of the die because hot
spots are required for sinks to form.

EXPLODED METAL
Main Cause: A combination of porosity and casting being
ejected before it has solidified completely. This allows the
trapped gases to burst out of the casting along with any
unsolidified metal.

WARPAGE
Man Cause: A casting can deform after ejection during the
time it is cooling down at room temperature. The root cause
can sometimes be the casting geometry or the alloy
specification. Warping can be minimised by ejecting at a
lower temperature. Uneven die temperature is a major cause
of this type of defect.

SOLDERING
Main Cause: Chemical attack and bonding of aluminium to
die steel. This causes aluminium to be torn away from the
casting during ejection. Soldering can be reduced by a
change in alloy and/or reduction in die/metal temperature.
Defect Image Defect Name and Description
SHRINKAGE POROSITY
Main Cause: This defect is caused by metal reducing its
volume during solidification and inability to feed shrinkage
with more metal before solidification. Hot spots can also
cause shrinkage porosity to be concentrated in a specific
zone. See “SINK”.

HEAT CHECKING
Main Cause: This defect is caused by the surface of tool steel
continually expanding and contracting during use.
Excessively cold dies & die flexing accelerate this effect.

LEAKER
Main Cause: Causes of leaks in castings where pressure
tightness is required can be oxide folds and/or inclusions
and/or porosity in conjunction with a surface defect which
completes a path for a leak. A close analysis of the leaking
area may reveal which of the many causes is causing the
leak

DISCOLOURED SURFACE
Main Cause: Oxide films (dross) and/or residues in the cavity
and/or particles in the metal and/or excess die lube can
cause the surface to be discoloured. Also it can be caused by
a part of die being too cold causing the casting to have
darker regions or ‘smears’ on the surface.

BREAK OUT
Main Cause: Metal flakes (cold flakes) which get caught in
the gate during cavity fill can break out unevenly when the
casting is trimmed.

INCLUSIONS
Main Cause: The main causes of this type of defect are
dirty/contaminated metal and/or poor melt handling practice.
 EJECTOR DAMAGE
Main Cause: In broad terms, it can be defined as excessive
pressure on the casting surface by the ejector pin(s) during
ejection.

EROSION / CAVITATION
Main Cause: Erosion is caused by direct molten metal
impingement on die steel. Cavitation type erosion is caused
by turbulence which causes low pressure regions in the
flowing metal. These low pressure regions cause voids to
form which can collapse at the die surface & cause erosion.

Defect Image Defect Name and Description

CRACKED CASTING
Main Cause: A crack in casting can be caused by
mechanical damage when the die is opened or when the
casting is ejected. This classification excludes HOT
CRACKING & cracking at the surface due to SHRINKAGE
POROSITY. Also, this definition excludes HOT
SHORTNESS.

Source: www.custompartnet.com/wu/die-casting

Other possible defects are gas porosity due to air trapped in die with liquid metal, hot tears and flow mark which may be caused
by poor gating. This is why process innovations are being engaged in product development. Several strategies are implemented
but all leaning towards common goal: to reduce production cost and increase profit. The Diecasting Solution Center is envisioned
to support the diecasting industry in trouble shooting of diecasting defects and optimization of processes to reduce and eliminate
defects.

One of the biggest challenges the die-casters are facing is that these defects are not seen until the product is nearly, or worse,
already completed. Although the material may be recycled, the cost incurred for the whole process can no longer be reverted
back. This is why other companies devote most of their resources in the early stages of product development also known as the
“front-end loading” (FEL) approach. This method requires time investment on product planning/conceptualization,
design/development, process development and validation prior to the actual production. Although some may consider the
approach as tedious and time-consuming, the cost of changes at the early stage of the process is relatively low as compared to
the cost and efforts required to make revisions/alterations at the later stage of the process.

Fortunately, technology has already offered tools to support the “front-end loading” approach. Software has been developed to
fully simulate and control the process from die and casting design to casting proper. This enables the developers to pre-identify
issues that are likely to occur along the process then provide solution. In addition, modern die casting machines in the market
today are equipped with interactive control systems to stabilize the production condition. The Diecasting Solution Center is
envisioned to support the diecasting industry through better new diecasting product development using the FEL.

The Metals Industry Research and Development Center (MIRDC) aims to upgrade its existing facility through establishment of
Die Casting Solution Center (DCSC). In the list of operating companies registered under the Philippine Economic Zone Authority
(PEZA) as of September 2014, there are about 58 mold makers and die casters and 16 of which use HPDC method. In the
Philippines, the motorcycle industry is one of biggest users of diecasting for the production of various diecast aluminum parts.
Overall, more than 1 million motorcycles are produced in the Philippine annually. This industry contributes about P 2.2 B to the
Philippine economy.

The upgrade is intended to further improve the quality and competitiveness of the die casting and mold making industries in the
Philippines.

(8) Objectives

General:
To establish a die casting innovation center to support the Philippine light metals die casting and mold making industries;

Specific:
a. To acquire the required hardware, software and renovation of the foundry building;
b. To develop one (1) die-casting product as research output;
c. To train foundry personnel on the operation and maintenance of hardware and software for the facility; and,
d. To promote the facility to the target industries through a series of technology demonstration activities.

(9) Description

The Diecasting Solution Center will support the Philippine diecasting industry through new casting development, trouble
shooting, training, facility sharing and product and process optimization.

(10) Review of Literature

The major cost drivers of die-cast products are material, production and tooling costs. The integration of FEL in the product
development helps the company to maximize these resources. This approach focuses more on the product and process
design and decision making in the earliest phase of the project when the degree of freedom for changes and decision making
is high, and the cost to implement these revisions is relatively low. The figure below shows how the cost of changes
increases towards the end of the process:
 Source: Whole System Design: An Integrated Approach to Sustainable Engineering.

With the stiff competition in the current market, it is essential for any business, if not to eliminate, at least keep the investment
risk to a minimum. One of the advantages of FEL method is that the resources such as machineries, personnel skills, and
process design are balanced and aligned with the target output in order to produce an efficient, holistic, and operable
development plan.

Where traditional project plans seek to help an operator reach production targets and budgets, FEL methodology aligns an
operator’s technical and business goals to create a more comprehensive development plan. By integrating professionals from
multiple surface and subsurface disciplines and equipping them with the industry’s latest technology, the FEL approach
increases project definition and lowers risk to positively impact total investment costs and return on investment. (Saputelli L., Hull
R., Alfonzo A., 2008)

(11) Scientific Basis/Theoretical Framework

(12) Methodology/Strategies of Implementation

1) (Q1 – Q6) Acquisition of hardware, software and renovation of the MPRD building.

2) (Q7) Training of MPRD personnel on the operation and maintenance of the Diecasting Solution Center.

3) (Q8) Industry promotion of the Diecasting Solution Center through technology demonstrations.

(13) Major Activities/Workplan (Please revise the 2B-1 to reflect the above activities).

(14) Expected Output/s

Die Casting Solution Center that is equipped with advanced die casting machines, simulation software and trained personnel.

(15) Expected Outcome/s

The expected outcome of the project is to benefit the local industry through the availability of Diecasting Solution Center
(16) Proposed Measure to Address Implementing Issues and Gaps

The project will be implemented using standard project implementation methodologies such as Systems Engineering (SE)
methods. This is to ensure that the project will achieve its objectives given the various challenges that may be encountered.
Applicable tools, and techniques will be utilized for the effective, timely and successful achievement of the objectives.
(17) Target Beneficiaries

-Philippine mold making industry

-Philippine light die casting industry
(18) Personnel Requirement/s
Designation Role % time to be spent for the Project
One (1) Project Leader Program/Project Leader 25%
Other staff:
One (1) Project Staff Level 3 20%
One (1) Project Staff Level 2 20%
Four (4)Project Staff Level 1 20%
Two (2) Project Support Staff Level 2 20%

(19) Budget Requirement

Budget per Component:

Component Year1 Year2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total
System Acquisition 30,775,000.00 83,889,200.00 114,664,200.00
Training 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00
Technology/ 508,800.00 508,800.00
Facility Promotion
Total 30,775,000.00 85,898,000.00 116,673,000.00

Cost Structure per Expense Class:

Expense Year1 Year2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total
Class
PS 510,000.00 510,000.00 - - - 1,020,000.00
MOOE 8,764,000.00 22,394,000.00 - - - 31,158,000.00

CO 84,495,,000.00 - - - 84,495,,000.00
Total 93,769,000.00 22,904,000.00 - - - 116,673,000.00

Please fill up in addition to PCIEERD-DOST FORM 2B-2. Make sure the data is consistent with the PCIEERD-DOST FORM 2B-2

(20) Literature Cited

Advantage of Die Casting. Pace Industries. Retrieved on 29 July 2015 from

http://www.paceind.com/die-casting-101/die-casting-faqs/advantages-die-casting.

Die Casting. Retrieved on 28 July 2015 from www.custompartnet.com/wu/die-casting.

Stasinopoulos P., Smith M., Hargroves K., and Desha C. Whole System Design: An Integrated Approach to Sustainable
Engineering. Retrieved 29 July 2015, from https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=FaPFFxVsElYC&pg=PA21&dq=front+end+loading&hl=en&sa=X#v=onepage&q=front%20end%20loading&f=false

Saputelli L., Hull R., Alfonzo A. (2008). Front End Loading Provides Foundation for Smarter Project

Execution. Retrieved 10 August 2015 from http://www.ogfj.com/articles/print/volume-5/issue-7/special-report/front-end-loading-

provides-foundation-for-smarter-project-execution.html

(21) Information About Applicant and Organization

Note: If the project is part of a program, this form should be submitted together with detailed R & D
proposal for the whole program. See guidelines/definitions at the back.

Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved by:

MELCHOR A. GAMILLA JONATHAN Q. PUERTO ROBERT O. DIZON

Project Leader Deputy Executive Director, R&D Executive Director, MIRDC
Program Leader
 DOST Form No. 2B
DETAILED R & D PROPOSAL
(For the Component Project)

General Instruction:
A.  Submit a copy of detailed R & D proposal for the whole program together with the detailed proposal of the component
projects either in electronic or printed format.

Operational Definition of Terms

1. Title – the identification of the program and the component projects.
Program - consists of interrelated or complementing R & D projects on a multi-disciplinary approach to meet
established goals within a specific time frame.
Project – a set of interrelated studies to meet pre-determined objective within a specific time frame.
Leader –the one in charge to take the lead in project implementation.
Agency(ies) – the institution(s) of the coordinator/leader.

2.  Cooperating Agencies – agencies participating in the R & D work.

3.  R & D Station / Location – station or unit where R & D will be actually conducted.
4.  Site of Implementation – site where the project will be implemented. Indicate municipality, district, province and
region.
5.  Classification – indicates whether the program/project is research or development.

Basic research is an experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying
foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular or specific application or use in view.
Applied research is an original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge directed primarily towards a
specific aim or objective.
Developmental research is a systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical
experience that is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, installing new processes, systems and services and
improving substantially those already produced or installed.
Pilot Testing is an innovative work to confirm and demonstrate the feasibility of actually using a technology; gauging end
user’s reaction to introduction of improved technologies and identifying potential problems related to wider dissemination, utilization
and adoption so that these can be fed back to researchers.
Technology promotion/commercialization is an activity involving application of technologies on a commercial scale by
an identified entrepreneur or user primarily to increase his income/profits and productivity; technologies utilized/produced on a pre-
commercial scale including market testing jointly undertaken with a client.

6. Sector / Discipline –

7. Rationale/Significance - State the research problem and significance of the project to the current needs of the
country. A typical justification would include a brief introduction, a general statement concerning the historical basis for R & D,
utilization of the expected output and the impact the information generated will have on science, the target users and the country.)

8. Objectives - Statement of the specific purpose to address the problem areas of the project. If possible, indicate
general and specific objectives.

9. Description - concise explanation of the project

10. Review of Related Literature - Related researches/activities which have been conducted. State-of-the-art of current
technology/information from which the project proposal will take-off

11. Scientific Basis/Theoretical Framework - Include concepts, theories and variables that indicate relevant
relationships to be tested.

12. Methodology/Strategies of Implementation - Approach on how the associated work products, processes,
information and services will be implemented, developed and acquired. Details such as: a) variables to be measured and
evaluated; b) treatments to be used and their layout; c) experimental procedures and design; d) statistical analysis; e) evaluation
method and observations to be made, strategies for implementation.

13. Major Activities/Workplan

 14. Expected Output/s - The term "Output" means an activity, effort, and/or deliverables, associated work, product
related to project goals and objectives that will be produced or provided over a period of time or by a specified date. Outputs may be
quantitative or qualitative but must be measurable during an assistance agreement-funding period.

15. Expected Outcome/s

16. Proposed Measure to Address Implementing Issues and Gaps

17. Target Beneficiaries – who the clienteles are and what are the expected outcome/effects of the use of the project outputs

18.  Personnel Requirement – personnel requirement of the project indicating designation and percent time devoted to the project.
Specify the role and involvement in the program/project

19.  Budget Breakdown – itemized budgetary requirement per quarter for the first year of implementation and annual budget in the
succeeding years. Form should be accomplished for each source and for total.

20.  Literature Cited – an alphabetical list of reference materials (books, journals and others) reviewed. Use standard system for
citation.

21. Information about Applicant and Organization – Attach CVs of project leader and team members. Provide description of
roles in the project implementation. Provide information of organization's experience and/or track record in carrying out similar
project.