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FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
INTRODUCTION

FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

• Deep Foundations

• Deep Retaining Structures

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Capaian Pembelajaran
• Mampu mendesain komponen sistem pondasi
dalam dan dinding penahan tanah
• Mampu menyajikan hasil disain dalam gambar
konstruksi

Indikator Capaian
CPL 2 (Problem Analysis): Mampu mementukan
parameter tanah desain fondasi / dinding
penahan tanah dalam berdasarkan hasil
pengujian parameter tanah.
CPL 3 (Design): Mampu mendesain fondasi dan
dinding penahan tanah dalam
CPL 10 (Communication): Mampu menggambar
struktur fondasi dalam sesuai dengan
kaidah engineering drawing

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DEEP FOUNDATIONS
VALUE TO HOLD DEAR

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Skempton:
"It is one thing to be an outstanding engineer or
scientist,
but to combine that with an understanding of the
human values

and to practice both together,

is a combination everyone should aspire to"

In Lacasse 2020

In Morley 1996

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DEEP FOUNDATIONS
A BRIEF HISTORY

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In Boyer 1985

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http://www.trainweb.org/oldtimetrains/whatsnew.html

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Hayward Baker

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Pile Foundations – Colonial Era

• Daendels’ Palace  Building of Ministry of
Finance – Lapangan Banteng
• Port of Tanjung Priok
• Jakarta Kota Railway Station
• NHM Head Office Building  Museum Bank
Mandiri

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Daendels’ Palace – 1811

Pusat Data Arsitektur 2005

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Pusat Data Arsitektur 2005

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Pusat Data Arsitektur 2005

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Port of Tanjung Priok - 1886

c. 1890

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Jakarta Kota Railway Station – 1929

J.I. Rastandi 2004

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NHM Head Office Building – 1933

• Collection of Museum Bank Mandiri

J.I. Rastandi 2004

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DEEP FOUNDATIONS
INTRODUCTION

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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
DEEP FOUNDATIONS
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DEEP FOUNDATION –
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN:

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS

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CONSTRUCTION METHODS :
BRIEF NOTES

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HOW TO INSTALL?

SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

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DEEP FOUNDATIONS

HOW TO INSTALL?

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Driven Piles

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Driven Piles

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Bored Piles / Drilled Shafts

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Interaction

• Geotechnical Aspects

• Material + Structural Aspects

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GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS

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Terzaghi [1936]

• Soils are made by nature and not by man, and

the products of nature are always complex

• … the earth in its natural state is never

uniform.

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Burland [2008]
Geotechnical Triangle
Ground Profile and Its Genesis
I am convinced that 9 times out of 10, the major
design decisions can be made on the basis of a
good ground profile.
Similarly, 9 failures out of 10 result from a lack
of knowledge about the ground profile – often
the ground water conditions.

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HOW TO UNDERSTAND
GEOTECHNICAL
CONDITIONS?

SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

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Geotechnical
Depth of Geotechnical Investigation

Investigation
Shallow
Foundations:
Interaction
Between
Footing and
Underneath
Geotechnical
Materials / Soils

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DEEP FOUNDATIONS

HOW TO UNDERSTAND
GEOTECHNICAL
CONDITIONS?

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Geotechnical
Investigation
Depth of Geotechnical Investigation

Deep Foundations:
Interaction Between
Inserted Structural Elements
and Surrounding &
Underneath Geotechnical
Materials / Soils

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Geotechnical Investigation

• SNI 8460 : 2017

• Field Tests

• Laboratory Tests

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.
5 Data geoteknik

5.1 Ruang lingkup data geoteknik 5.5 Uji laboratorium pada tanah
5.5.1 Umum
5.2 Perancangan penyelidikan geoteknik 5.5.2 Persiapan contoh uji tanah
5.2.1 Informasi geoteknik 5.5.3 Uji klasifikasi, identifikasi dan deskripsi tanah
5.2.2 Penyelidikan tanah 5.5.4 Uji kimia dan kandungan organik tanah dan air
tanah
5.2.3 Penyelidikan awal
5.5.5 Uji indeks kekuatan tanah
5.2.4 Penyelidikan tahap perancangan
5.5.6 Uji kompresibilitas dan deformasi tanah
5.2.5 Pemeriksaan kesesuaian hasil penyelidikan selama
konstruksi 5.5.7 Uji pemadatan tanah
5.5.8 Uji permeabilitas tanah
5.3 Pengambilan contoh tanah, batuan dan air tanah
5.3.1 Umum 5.6 Uji laboratorium pada batuan
5.3.2 Pengambilan contoh tanah atau batuan dengan 5.6.1 Persiapan contoh uji batuan
pengeboran 5.6.2 Uji klasifikasi batuan
5.3.3 Pengambilan contoh tanah atau batuan dengan 5.6.3 Uji pengembangan (swelling test) material batuan
galian 5.6.4 Pengujian kekuatan material batuan
5.3.4 Pengambilan contoh tanah
5.3.5 Pengambilan contoh batuan 5.7 Laporan penyelidikan tanah
5.3.1 Perancangan dan pelaksanaan pengukuran
5.7.1 Umum
5.3.2 Evaluasi hasil pengukuran muka air tanah
5.7.2 Penyampaian informasi geoteknik
5.7.3 Evaluasi informasi geoteknik
5.4 Uji lapangan pada tanah dan batuan 5.7.4 Penentuan nilai parameter
5.4.1 Umum
5.4.2 Uji penetrasi standar (Standard Penetration Test, SPT)
5.4.3 Uji sondir (CPT, CPTU, CPTM)
5.4.4 Uji Pressuremeter (PMT)
5.4.5 Uji dilatometer datar (Flat Dilatometer Test, DMT)
5.4.6 Uji geser baling lapangan (Field Vane shear Test, FVT)
5.4.7 Uji pembebanan pelat (Plate Loading Test, PLT) .
SNI 8460:2017
5.4.8 Uji pendugaan dinamis (Dynamic Probing Test, DP)

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SNI 8460 : 2017

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SNI 8460 : 2017

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Tip of
Deep
Fndn @
85 m

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SNI 8460 : 2017

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SNI 8460 : 2017

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Depth of
Basement
Excavation:
20 m

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Field Tests

• Cone Penetration Test (CPT)

• Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

• Others

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Cone Penetration Test (CPT)

SNI 8460:2017

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Cone Penetration Test (CPT)

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Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

SNI 8460:2017

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Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

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CPT v. SPT?
CPT
• Cepat, murah
• Kedalaman
penetrasi terbatas
• Tidak dapat
menembus lapisan
yang relatif keras

SPT
• Lebih lama, lebih
mahal
• Kedalaman bor
relatif dalam
• Dapat menembus
lapisan yang relatif
keras

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Laboratory Tests
• Index Properties
– Specific gravity, unit weight, void ratio, water
content
– Grain size distribution
– Atterberg’s limits

• Mechanical / Engineering Properties

– Shear strength
– Consolidation properties

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Geotechnical Correlations

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Soil Types

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N-SPT & Sand Properties

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N-SPT & Clay Properties

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DEEP FOUNDATION –
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN:

CONSTRUCTION METHOD

GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS

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Driven
Piles

Unable to
Penetrate
Hard Soil /
Rock Layer

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Bored
Piles

Penetrating
Hard Soil /
Rock Layer

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DEEP FOUNDATION –
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN:

WHAT IF …?

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Inadequate Geotechnical Aspect 

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Inadequate Geotechnical Aspect 

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Inadequate
Geotechnical
Aspect 

https://www.archpaper.com/2018/12/100-million-solution-
save-san-franciscos-sinking-millennium-tower/

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/09/03/millennium-tower-san-francisco-keeps-
sinking-repair-project-halted/5716514001/

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