MOVING LOADS

By: AC Neri
Moving Loads
A truck or other vehicle rolling across a beam or girder constitutes
a system of concentrated loads at fixed distances from one
another.

MOVING LOADS
Moving Loads
In general, the bending moment under a
particular load is a maximum when the
center of the beam is midway between
that load and the resultant of all the loads
then on the span. With this rule, we
compute the maximum moment under
each load, and use the biggest of the
moments for the design. Usually, the
biggest of these moments occurs under
the biggest load.

MOVING LOADS
The maximum shear occurs at the reaction where the resultant
load is nearest. Usually, it happens if the biggest load is over that
support and as many a possible of the remaining loads are still on
the span.

MOVING LOADS
Sample Problem #1
A truck with axle loads of 40 kN and 60 kN on a wheel base of 5 m
rolls across a 10-m span. Compute the maximum bending moment
and the maximum shearing force.
x3 R
Sol’n: 40KN 60KN Locate the resultant:
5m
100 x  40(0)  60(5)
x  3m
10 m

MOVING LOADS
Assume max. moment occurs under the 40KN load:
x 3 R=100
40KN 60KN Cut a section @ the 40KN load:

M
1.5 1.5 2 1.5 3.5
5m
35
R1 C
L R2

M 2
0 + OR  M 0 +
2
M 40
0 +
40(6.5)  60(1.5)  R 1 (10)  0 100(3.5)  R 1 (10)  0 M  35(3.5)  0
R 1  35 M  122.5 KN  m
R 1  35

BACK MOVING LOADS

 Assume max. moment occurs under the 60KN load:
R=100 2 Cut a section @ the 60KN
40KN 60KN load:
M
4
1 3 1 1 4
5m
40
R1 CL R2
M 0 +
 M 0 +
1
OR M 1
0 +
60

 M  40(4)  0
 40(1)  60(6)  R 2 (10)  0  100(4)  R 2 (10)  0 M  160 KN  m
R 2  40 R 2  40  The max. moment is:
Mmax = 160 KN-m

PREV MOVING LOADS

Maximum shearing force:
40KN 60KN

40KN 60KN 5m 5m

5m 5m R1 R2

R1 R2 M 1
0 + F y
0 +
 40(5)  60(10)  R 2 (10)  0 R 1  80  40  60  0

M 1
0 + F y
0 + R 2  80 R 1  20

 40(0)  60(5)  R 2 (10)  0 R 1  30  40  60  0

R 2  30 R 1  70  The max. shearing force is:
Vmax = 80 KN

MOVING LOADS
Sample Problem #2
A truck and trailer combination crossing a 12-m span has
axle loads of 10, 20, and 30 kN separated respectively by
distances of 3 and 5 m. Compute the maximum moment
and maximum shear developed in the span.
x 5 R=60 Locate the resultant:
Sol’n: 10 20 30
3m 5m 60 x  10(0)  20(3)  30(8)
x  5m
12 m

MOVING LOADS
Assume max. moment occurs under the 20KN load:
x 5 R=60
10 20 30 Cut a section @ the 20KN load:
10
2 3 1 1 3 2 M
6m 2 3

R1 CL R2
25
M 2
0 + OR M 2
0 +
M 20
0 +
10(10)  20(7)  30(2) 60(5)  R 1 (12)  0
M  10(3)  25(5)  0
 R 1 (12)  0 R 1  25
M  95 KN  m
R 1  25

BACK MOVING LOADS

Assume max. moment occurs under the 30KN load:
R=60
3 Relocate the resultant considering
10 20 30 20KN and 30KN loads only:
3

x3
R=50
2.5 2 1.5 1.5
6m
20 30
5m
CL
Note: We have to relocate the resultant
because the total load on the span is only
50 KN. 50 x  20(0)  30(5)
x  3m

MOVING LOADS
 R=50 2 Cut a section @ the 30KN load:
20 30
M
2 3 1 1 5 5
6m

R1 C
L R2
M 30
0 + 20.833

M 1
0 + OR M 1
0 +  M  20.833(5)  0
M  104.167 KN  m
 20(2)  30(7)  R 2 (12)  0  50(5)  R 2 (12)  0
R 2  20.8333 R 2  20.833  The max. moment is:
Mmax = 104.167 KN-m

PREV MOVING LOADS

Maximum shearing force: R=60 3
x 5 R=60 10 20 30
10 20 30
4 3 5
3 5 4
R1 R2
R1 R2
M 0 + F y
0 +

M
1

1
0 + F y
0 +  10(4)  20(7)  30(12) R 1  45  10  20
 10(0)  20(3)  30(8) R 1  25  10  20  R 2 (12)  0  30  0
 R 2 (12)  0  30  0 R 2  45 R 1  15
R 2  25 R 1  35
 The max. shearing force is: Vmax = 45KN

MOVING LOADS
Alternate Solution: Using Influence Lines

Sample Problem #1
A truck with axle loads of 40 kN and 60 kN on a wheel base of 5 m
rolls across a 10-m span. Compute the maximum bending moment
and the maximum shearing force.
R Locate the resultant:
Sol’n: x
40KN 60KN 100 x  40(0)  60(5)
5m
x3

10 m

MOVING LOADS
 x 3 R R 2
40KN 60KN 40KN 60KN

1.5 1.5 2 1.5 1 3 1 1 4

5m 5m

R1 C
L R2 R1 CL R2
40 60 40 60
5 1.5 1 5
2.275 2.4

0.525 0.4

3.5 6.5 6 4

M  402.275   600.525   122.5 KN  m M  400.4   602.4   160 KN  m (Max.)

MOVING LOADS
 40KN 60KN 40KN 60KN

5m 5m 5m 5m

R1 R2 R1 R2
40 60 40 60
5 5 5 5
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5

V  401.0   600.5   70 KN V  400.5   601.0   80 KN

 The max. shearing force is: Vmax = 80 KN

MOVING LOADS
Alternate Solution: Using Influence Lines
Sample Problem #2
A truck and trailer combination crossing a 12-m span has axle
loads of 10, 20, and 30 kN separated respectively by distances of 3
and 5 m. Compute the maximum moment and maximum shear
developed in the span.
R=60 Locate the resultant:
Sol’n:
x
10 20 30
3m 5m 60 x  10(0)  20(3)  30(8)
x 5
12 m

MOVING LOADS
 20 R 30 10 20 R 30
10
3

2 3 1 1 3 2 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 4.5

6m 6m
R1 CL
R2 R1 CL R2
10 20 30
Note: We have to relocate the resultant
2 3 5 2
because the loads on the span is only 50
35/12
KN.
7/6 5/6 x3 R=50
20 30
5 7 5m
50 x  20(0)  30(5)
7  35  5 x3
M  10   20   30   95 KN  m
6  12  6

BACK MOVING LOADS

 R=50 2
20 30

2 3 1 1 5
6m
R1 R2
CL
20 30
2 5 5
35/12

5/6

7 5
5  35 
M  20   30   104.167 KN  m
6  12 
(Max.)

PREV MOVING LOADS

 10 20 30 10 20 30

3 5 4 4 3 5

R1 R2 R1 R2
10 20 30 10 20 30
3 5 4 4 3 5
1.0 0.75 1.0
7/12
1/3 1/3

1  1 7 
V  101.0   200.75   30   35 KN V  10   20   301.0   45 KN
3 3  12 

 The max. shearing force is: Vmax = 45KN

MOVING LOADS
Thank You!!!

MOVING LOADS