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COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020
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PREFACE
This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division particularly
the Learning Resource Management and Development Unit, Department of
Education, Schools Division of Tabuk City which is in response to the implementation
of the K to 12 Curriculum.
Grade Level : 12
Language : English
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The developer wishes to express his gratitude to those who helped in the
development of this learning material. The fulfillment of this learning material would
not be possible without these people who gave their support, helping hand and
cooperation, to her parents Honorio D. Clemencia and Berlina B. Clemencia, her
loving husband Ceasar Dakilas and her son Dyrich Ezekiel, and above all to the
Almighty Father.
.
DEVELOPMENT TEAM
ROXANNE SANGDAAN
Illustrator
EDITORS
REVIEWERS
MANAGEMENT TEAM
RAMONCHITO A. SORIANO
Chief Education Supervisor, CID
Acknowledgement ____________________________________________ iv
What’s In ___________________________________________________ 4
What Is It ___________________________________________________ 5
Assessment _________________________________________________ 16
References __________________________________________________ 21
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Value of Doing Philosophy
Module in Introduction to the Philosophy
of the Human Person Grade 12
First Quarter – Week 1-2
Name of Student
Barangay
Cluster
Mobile Number
Facebook Account
What I need to Know
The module will start with a pre-assessment which will adjudge your prior
knowledge on the topic. Series of activities and discussions will encourage you to
explore and understand more about the topic. Through this module, the objectives
below are desired.
What I Know
2
A. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, and FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
B. Read carefully and analyze each of the items. Choose the letter that suits
your answer. Write your answer before each number.
________ 1.He devoted himself to the study of the causes of natural phenomena.
Who first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms?
A. Pythagoras C. Democritus
B. Heraclitus D. Diogenes of Sinope
________ 2. His emphasis on austerity and simplicity often went to the extreme.
Who is the philosopher whose views were later developed by his followers and
influenced the development of several schools of philosophy such as Cynicism and
Stoicism?
A. Plato C. Socrates
B. Diogenes of Sinope D. Aristotle
________ 3. In view of the project “Tokhang” and all the innocent lives that were
killed, if you were the president of the Republic of the Philippines, how would you
best address the rampage of Drug addiction differently?
A. Rehabilitate drug offenders while classifying and branding them into
different categories, e.g., light-to-grave offenders, while they can roam freely
within society.
B. Have all the Filipino people undergo drug testing, if someone is positive
on drugs, let the due process of law prevail together with the rehabilitation
movement.
3
C. Formulate laws that permit the use of drugs in the whole archipelago
granting freedom to everyone to either choose or reject drugs
D. Put to rehabilitation, especially with the involvement of church
organizations, anyone who is found positive on drugs while they are in detention.
________ 4. He focused his studies on the ideal society. Who is the philosopher who
is known for his dialectic method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed
to arrive at new knowledge?
A. Aristotle B. Epicurus C. Heraclitus D. Plato
________ 5. Which of the following best describes a philosopher?
A. A person who does not only love to know, but loves to know the truth and
desire to live in it
B. A person who loves pleasure, success, and wisdom
C. A person who only loves to know the truth.
D.A person who studies the love of wisdom.
What’s In
Have you wonder about many things around you which leads you to ask
a lot of questions? By nature, humans are inquisitive. We ask questions to try
and make sense of our world and experiences. Our questions are influenced
by our experiences and circumstances.
Today, we will get to know more about Philosophy – the search for
answers to life’s questions.
What’s New
Look and observe the picture below. What comes into your mind upon
setting your eyes on this view.
4
https://www.google.com/search?q=environment+cartoon+images&client=firefox-b-
What is It
Read the following conversation between a teacher and her student in class and
ponder on the question below.
Teacher: Juan, what would you like to be when you grow up?
Juan: Ma’am, I want to be happy!
Teacher: Juan, you did not understand my question.
Juan: Ma’am, you do not understand what life all is about!
1. 1. Do you think Juan’s answer was appropriate for his teacher’s question?
2.
3. 2. What do you think was Juan’s interpretation of his teacher’s question?
4.
5. 3. Based on his responses, what kind of student do you imagine Juan to be?
PHILOSOPHY - comes from the Greek words: Philos (love) and Sophia (wisdom).
- This is a way of thinking about the world, the universe and the society.
- It works by asking questions about the nature of human thought, the nature
of the universe, and the connections between them.
5
Love of Wisdom – Ancient Greeks used this terminology and soon applied to the
study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes,
reasons and principles which govern all things.
6
DEMOCRITUS (460 BCE to 370 BCE) – He devoted
himself to the study of the causes of natural phenomena.
He was among the first to propose that matter is composed
of tiny particles called atoms.
7
ARISTOTLE (384 BCE to 322 BCE) – He attended the
Academy, was a prominent student of Plato. His studies in
Logic led to the formulation of a formal process of analyzing
reasoning which gave rise to Deductive Reasoning – the
process by which specific statements are analyzed to reach
a conclusion or generalization.
3. The 20th – century Swiss-German Philosopher Karl Jaspers saw the need to
philosophize because of Experience.
Ex: We are questioning on something because we are knowledgeable
on that thing.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILOSOPHY:
1. Philosophy considers as a way of analyzing frameworks.
Framework – is defined as a way of thinking about the world and is
composed about the views and beliefs of a person.
Example: Whenever a person encounters a problem or question in
life, he or she often goes back to his or her own framework in order to
make sense of the problem.
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B. External Questions – It seeks to question the very frameworks upon
which people base their own beliefs and views.
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
1. Aesthetics is the philosophy which deals with beauty and what makes things
“beautiful.”
Ex: By simply saying, “The car is beautiful.” There is an appreciation
of beauty or artful appearance.
2. Logic is the branch of philosophy which deals with the correct reasoning.
Ex: Pedro is a human. All humans have brains. Therefore, John has a
brain.
3. Epistemology discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing.
Ex: A lie cannot be truth because it is not factual and false.
4. Ethics is the branch which deals with moral questions and dilemmas.
Ex: Obeying the company’s rules; truthfulness; taking responsibility;
and accountability
5. Political Philosophy studies governments and deals with questions of justice,
power, and the rights and obligations of citizens.
Ex: It asks, “How is the best state?”
6. Metaphysics is a branch of Philosophy which deals with questions regarding
reality and existence.
Ex: Is time real, or an illusion?
7. Philosophy of the Human Person is an area in philosophy that understands
the human person from a philosophical perspective – integrating and
synthesizing the different branches of philosophy and other fields of study to
know the truth about the human person.
Ex: Philosophy of the human person explores what is to be a person.
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HOLISTIC THINKING refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns
in systems.
Example: A teacher listens first to both stories of her two arguing students
before making any conclusion about the issue.
10
What’s More
Activity 1: Word Hunt: Find and encircle all the ancient philosopher’s names that
are hidden in the boxes then write their names below. The words may be found in
any direction.
E P I C U R U S P C D
E Y L X S B M G O E L
L T Q A W E R T M Y K
T H A S T O P O I U D
O A D F G O C H L J S
T G N A M R B V C K Q
S O U D I O G E N E S
I R A T A G F W R J X
R A U S O C R A T E S
A S U T I L C A R E H
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Activity 2: Read and analyze the poem given below and answer the
questions after.
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the disputants, i wee,
rail on in utter ignorance;
of what each other mean,
and prate about an elephant;
not one of them has seen.
Assessment 2:
1. Did anyone among the blind men give the correct answer? Why or why not?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. In the context of the elephant story, what do you think is a holistic perspective?
What is a partial point of view?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Activity 3. Before making any action, what are the things you should do?
ACTION
What I Can Do
DIRECTION: Analyze the given statement below and put your answers in the box
provided.
The Coronavirus COVID-19 is the defining global health crisis of our time and the
greatest challenge we have faced since World War II. Since its emergence, the
virus has spread to every country around the world. And so, the number of
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confirmed cases is starting to lag our country. Apply holistic perspective in
understanding such issue. As student, what long-term strategy would you employ
to overcome the consequence of this crisis in your life? Explain briefly but logically.
Category 5 4 3 1
Focus Clear and Some of the ideas Ideas are not Writings are
complete are not related to clear difficult to
answers; Got the topic. understand.
the main idea
Content Used important Used some details Most of the Not use
details and and information details and details or
information about the topic information used ideas to
are not support the
understandable topic
Organization Used Some of the The ideas are not Not use
appropriate transitions used coherent transition
transition are not appropriate words
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Conventions No errors in Few, if any, errors Many mistakes in Difficult to
spelling and in grammar. Neat grammar/spelling read and
grammar. and legible understand
Neat and
legible
Assessment
General Directions: Read carefully and analyze each of the items. Choose the
letter that suits your answer. Write your answer before each number.
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5. Which of the following is not an example of a philosophical question?
A. How many planets are there in the Milky Way Galaxy?
B. Does every event have a cause?
C. Are minds distinct from bodies?
D. What is the nature of morality?
7. What do you call an activity that requires a person to examine his or her thoughts,
feelings, and actions and learn from experience?
A. Frameworks B. Holistic thinking C. Internal questions D. Reflection
11. He devoted himself to the study of the causes of natural phenomena. Who first
to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms?
A. Pythagoras C. Democritus
B. Heraclitus D. Diogenes of Sinope
12. His emphasis on austerity and simplicity often went to the extreme. Who is the
philosopher whose views were later developed by his followers and influenced the
development of several schools of philosophy such as Cynicism and Stoicism?
A. Plato C. Socrates
B. Diogenes of Sinope D. Aristotle
17
13. In view of the project “Tokhang” and all the innocent lives that were killed, if you
were the president of the Republic of the Philippines, how would you best address the
rampage of Drug addiction differently?
A. Rehabilitate drug offenders while classifying and branding them into different
categories, e.g., light-to-grave offenders, while they can roam freely within society.
B. Have all the Filipino people undergo drug testing, if someone is positive on
drugs, let the due process of law prevail together with the rehabilitation movement.
C. Formulate laws that permit the use of drugs in the whole archipelago granting
freedom to everyone to either choose or reject drugs
D. Put to rehabilitation, especially with the involvement of church organizations,
anyone who is found positive on drugs while they are in detention.
14. He focused his studies on the ideal society. Who is the philosopher who is known
for his dialectic method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed to arrive at
new knowledge?
A. Aristotle B. Epicurus C. Heraclitus D. Plato
Additional Activity
https://www.tagaloglike.com/tagalog-motivational-and-inspirational-quotes
Then, make a reflection journal in which you will write your answers on the
following questions.
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1. What philosophical questions do you wish to be answered as you study this
course? List down five.
2. Reflect on your life so far. Can you say that you have lived a meaningful life,
considering all your experiences and achievements? What do you consider as the
“highlights” of your life? What things are you looking forward to in the future?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Category 5 4 3 1
Focus Clear and Some of the Ideas are not Writings are
complete ideas are not clear difficult to
answers; Got related to the understand.
the main idea topic.
Content Used Used some Most of the Not use
important details and details and details or
details and information information used ideas to
information about the are not support the
topic understandable topic
Organization Used Some of the The ideas are not Not use
appropriate transitions coherent transition
transition used are not words
appropriate
Conventions No errors in Few, if any, Many mistakes in Difficult to
spelling and errors in grammar/spelling read and
grammar. grammar. understand
Neat and Neat and
legible legible
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20
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
Assessment 1: TRUE or FALSE
Activity 1
What’s More
A. TRUE/FALSE B. Multiple Choice
1. True 6. True 1. C
2. True 7. False 2. B
3. True 8. True 3. B
4. True 9. True 4. D
5. True 10.True 5. A
Pre Test
What I Know
KEY ANSWER
REFERENCES
Retrieved from
https://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780199890491/student/chapter1
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