Unit1 l1

L1 BIOLIGY
Unit 1
Osmosis, diffusion and active
transport
Teacher
Sohaila Omar
Unit 1 : Diffusion, osmosis and active transport.
Summary:
Learners will study diffusion, osmosis and active transport, compare, and contrast these processes. They will
learn why all three processes are vital to cells and apply this understanding to explain their importance for
plant.
This booklet includes:

 Biology notes
 Classified past papers questions
- Part1 (MCQ)
- Part 2 (structured questions)
- Part 3 (practical investigations and alternative to practical
questions)
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unit 1- Sohaila Ibrahim Omar
Transport across a Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is one of the great multi-taskers of biology. It provides structure for the cell,
protects cytosolic contents from the environment, and allows cells to act as specialized units. A
membrane is the cell’s interface with the rest of the world - it’s gatekeeper, if you will. This
phospholipid bilayer determines what molecules can move into or out of the cell, and so is in large part
responsible for maintaining the delicate homeostasis of each cell
Types of cellular transport.
1- Passive transport.
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3|Page
Temperature and rate of diffusion.
Temperature: Higher temperatures increase the energy and
therefore the movement of the molecules, increasing the rate of
diffusion. Lower temperatures decrease the energy of the
molecules, thus decreasing the rate of diffusion.
Concentration gradient and rate of diffusion.

Extent of the concentration gradient:
The greater the difference in
concentration, the more rapid the
diffusion. The closer the distribution
of the material gets to equilibrium,
the slower the rate of diffusion
becomes.
4|Page
Surface area (surface area-volume ratio) and rate of
diffusion.
Surface area and thickness of the plasma membrane: Increased surface area increases the rate of
diffusion, whereas a thicker membrane reduces it.
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8|Page
Osmotic pressure
Pressure required stopping osmosis or stopping the water flow from high to low concentration.
Can be calculated using a simple osmometer
9|Page
(Hypotonic solution)
(Hypertonic solution)
(Hypertonic solution)
10 | P a g e
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Part 1 (MCQ)
1.
2.
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3.
4.
5.
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6.
7.
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9.
10.
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16.
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Part 2 (Structured questions)
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4-
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5.
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6.
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7.
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8.1
9.
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10.
(a)
(b)
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11.
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12.
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17.
17. (a)
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Part 3 (practical and alternative to practical)
1.
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2.
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Is it a fair test? …………………………………………
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Do you think your results
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are reliable? Why?
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3.
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4.
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Unit1 l1

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L1 BIOLIGY

This booklet includes:

Types of cellular transport.

Concentration gradient and rate of diffusion.

Can be calculated using a simple osmometer

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