MODULE6

Di
sast
ermanagementpl
ans
Di
sasterManagementinvol
vespl
anningwhatt odobef ore,duri
ngandafteradisast
er
oremergencyoccur
s.Throughfur
therunderstandingthesehazards,andassessi
nga
st
ruct
ure’
sbehavi
ourtothem,wecanbetterpreparefordisast
ers.
I
tincl
udest
hef
oll
owi
ng

 Establi
shingObj ecti
ves
 Hazar dAssessment s
 RiskAssessment s
 DisasterPreventionPl anning
 DisasterMiti
gationPl anning
 Emer gencyDr i
l
ls
 DisasterPreparednessPl anni
ng
 DisasterResponsePl anning
 DisasterRecover yPlanning
 Capaci t
yBuildi
ng

TheNat
ional
Disast
erManagementPl
an(
NDMP)

Obj
ect
ives/
Responsi
bil
i
ties/
Funct
ions

1.Impr ov etheunder standi ngofdi sasterr i

sk, hazards, andv ulner abili
ti
es
2.Strengt hendi sast erriskgov ernanceatal l levelsfrom l ocal tocent re
3.Investi ndi sast err i
skr educt ionf orr esiliencet hr oughst ructural,non-str
uctural
andf i
nanci almeasur es,aswel lascompr ehensi vecapaci t ydev elopment
4.Enhancedi sasterpr eparednessf oref fect iver esponse
5.Promot e“ BuildBackBet ter”i nrecov ery, rehabi l
itationandr econst ructi
on
6.Prev entdi saster sandachi ev esubst ant ialr educt ionofdi sast erriskandl ossesi n
li
ves,l i
veli
hoods,heal t
h,andasset s( economi c,phy si
cal ,social,culturaland
env i
ronment al)
7.Increaser esili
enceandpr ev entt heemer genceofnewdi sast errisksandr educe
theexi stingr i
sks
8.Promot et hei mpl ement at i
onofi nt egr atedandi nclusiveeconomi c,structural
,
legal,soci al,heal th,cultur al,educat ional ,env i
ronment al
,t echnol ogical
,politi
cal
and i nstit
utionalmeasur es t o pr ev ent and r educe hazar d exposur e and
vulner abil
iti
est odi saster
9.Empowerbot hl ocalaut hor i
ti
esandcommuni ti
esaspar tnerst or educeand
managedi sast errisks
10.
Strengt hen sci entif
ic and t echni calcapabi li
ties i n allaspect s ofdi saster
management
11.
Capaci t
ydev el
opmentatal llevelst oef fect iv
elyr espondt omul ti
plehazardsand
forcommuni ty-
baseddi sast ermanagement
12.
Prov ide cl arit
y on r oles and r esponsi bil
it
ies of v arious Mi nist
ri
es and

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 Department
sinvolvedi
ndifferentaspectsofdisast
ermanagement
13.
Promotethecult
ureofdisasterriskpreventi
onandmiti
gati
onatalll
evel
s
14.
Facil
i
tatethe mai nst
reaming of di saster management concer
ns int
othe
devel
opmentalplanni
ngandpr ocesses

Sal
i
entFeat
uresoft
hePl
an

 Thepl an cov er sal lphasesofdi sast ermanagement :pr ev ent i

on,mi t
igati
on,
responseandr ecov ery.
 Foreachhazar d,t heappr oachusedi nt hisnat ionalpl ani ncor por atesthet hr
ee
priori
ti
es
1.Di sast erRi skReduct ion( DRR)
2.Response
3.Di sast erRi skGov ernance
 The pl anni ng f ramewor kf orDi sast erRi sk Reduct ion( DRR)undert he five
Themat icAr easf orAct ionscont ainst hef ol
lowi ng:
o Un der standi ngRi sk
o I nter -AgencyCoor dination
o I nv est ingi nDRR–St ructur al Measur es
o I nv est ingi nDRR–Non- St r
uct ural Measur es
o Ca paci tyDev elopment
 TheResponsepar toft hePl anhasi dent ifiedei ghteenbr oadact ivit
ieswhi chhav e
beenar rangedi ntoamat ri
xt obeser vedasar eadyr eckoner :
o E arlyWar ning, Maps, Sat elli
t einput s,Informat i
onDi ssemi nation
o E vacuat i
onofPeopl eandAni mal s
o Se ar chandRescueofPeopl eandAni mal s
o Me dical Car e
o Dr inkingWat er/Dewat eringPumps/Sani tati
onFaci li
ties/Publ icHealth
o F ood&Essent i
al Suppl ies
o Co mmuni cat ion
o Ho usingandTempor aryShel ters
o Po wer
o F uel
o Tr anspor tat i
on
o Re liefLogi st i
csandSuppl yChai nManagement
o Di sposal ofAni mal Car casses
o F odderf orl ivest ocki nscar city-hitar eas
o Re habi li
t ation and Ensur ing Saf ety ofLi vest ock and ot herAni mal s,
Vet eri
nar yCar e
o Da taCol lect ionandManagement
o Re liefEmpl oy ment
o Me diaRel at i
ons
 The Pl an has al so i ncor por ated a Chapt eron St rengt heni ng Di sasterRi sk
Gov ernance. The gener ali
zed r esponsi bili
ty mat r
ix gi ven i n t his secti
on
summar izes t he t hemes f orst rengt heni ng Di sasterRi sk Gov ernance and
specifiesagenci esatt heCent reandSt atewi t
ht heirrespect iv
er ol
es.Themat r i
x

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 hassixthematicareasi nwhi chCent ralandSt ateGovernmentshav etotake
act
ionst
ost r
engthendi sasterriskgovernance:
o Ma i
nstr
eam andi ntegrateDRRandI nst
itut
ional
Str
engtheni
ng
o Ca pacit
yDev elopment
o Promot eParticipatoryAppr oaches
o Wo r
kwi t
hElect edRepr esentati
ves
o Gr i
evanceRedr essMechani sm
o Promot eQual itySt andards,Certif
icati
ons,andAwar dsforDisast
erRisk
Management

Itpr ovides forhor izontaland v ert

icali ntegrati
on among al lthe agenci es and
depar t
ment soft heGov ernment .Thepl anal sospel l
soutt her ol
esandr esponsibil
it
ies
ofalllevelsofGov ernmentr i
ghtupt oPanchay atandUr banLocalBodyl evelinamat ri
x
format .Theplanhasar egi
onalappr oach,whi chwillbebenef ici
alnotonl yfordisaster
managementbutal sofordev el
opmentpl anning.
Itisdesi gnedi nsuchawayt hatitcanbei mpl ement edi nascal ablemanneri nal l
phasesofdi sastermanagement .I
talsoi dentif
iesmaj oractivi
ti
essuchasear lywar ni
ng,
i
nformat ion dissemination,medi calcar e,f uel,transportati
on,sear ch and r escue,
evacuat i
on,etc.toser veasacheckl i
stf oragenci esr espondingt oadi saster.Italso
provi
des a gener ali
zed framewor kf orr ecov er
yand of fersflexi
bili
tyt o assess a
sit
uationandbui ldbackbet ter.

Topreparecommuniti
estocopewi
thdisast
ers,itemphasi
zesonagr
eat
erneedf
or
I
nfor
mation,
Educat
ionandCommuni
cat
ionacti
vit
ies.

Di
sast
ermanagementf
ramewor
kforf
loods
I
nst
it
uti
onal
Framewor
k
Aspert heconst i
tuti
onalprovi
sions,FM isast at
esubj ectandassucht hepr i
mar y
responsi
bil
it
yforf l
oodmanagementl i
eswi t
ht hestat
es.Thecent ralgovernmenthas
takenvari
ousinit
iati
vesandsetupanumberofor ganizati
onsdeal i
ngwi tht hefloods.
Themostnot abl
eonei stheenact mentoft heNat i
onalDi sasterManagementAct ,
December2005andset ti
ngupoft heNDMA,whi chhasbeenassi gnedt odealwi thall
typesofdisast
ersincl
udingthefl
oods.t heNDMAhasal sopreparedaNat ionalDisaster
ManagementPl an.Att hestateleveltherei
sSt at
eDi sasterManagementAut horit
ies
(SDMAs)andSt ateExecuti
veCommi t
tees(SECs)toperform si
mi l
arfuncti
ons.
Fl
oodPr
event
ion,
Prepar
ednessandMi
ti
gat
ion
Fl
oodsbeing the mostcommon nat ur
aldisaster,people have,outofexper i
ence,
devi
sedmanyway sofcopingwi t
hthem.Howev er,encroachmentsintothef l
oodpl ai
ns
overtheyear
shasaggr avatedt hefl
oodpr obl
em andaneedt ot akeeffectiv
eand
sust
ainedFM measur
eshasbeenf el
t.Vari
ousmeasur es,str
ucturalandnon- str
uctural
,
havebeentakenbythecent ralandstategovernmentsandasar esul
t,considerable
prot
ecti
onhasbeenprovidedt othepeopl
e.Howev er,mor eeff
ortsar erequi
r edinthis

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di
rect
ionandthereisaneedt oputi nplaceatechno-legalregimet omakestructur
es
fl
ood-
proofandregul
atetheacti
vit
iesinthefl
oodplainsoft her i
vers.Fl
oodfor
ecasti
ng
andwarningandDeci si
onSuppor tSy st
em (
DSS)wi l
lbeest abl
ishedonasci enti
fi
c
basi
staki
ngint
oaccountt hel
atesttechnol
ogi
caldevelopment sinthewor l
d
LocalAuthori
ti
esTheseincl
udePanchayatiRajInsti
tut
ions(PRIs)andUrbanLocal
Bodies(ULBs)
,suchasmunici
palcor
porati
ons,munici
pali
ti
es,di
stri
ctandcantonment
boardsandtownplanni
ngaut
hori
ti
esforcontr
olandmanagementofci vi
cserv
ices.
Act
ivi
ti
esf
orMi
nimi
zi
ngFl
oodRi
skandLosses
Theact
ivi
ti
espr
oposedtobeundert
akenai
m atmini
mizi
ngthefl
oodriskandl
osses
andar
etobeimplement
edi
nthr
eephasesi
naddi
ti
ontorecur
ri
ngact
ivi
ti
es.
Phase-
I
Theseact i
viti
esincludeident
if
icati
onand mar ki
ng off l
ood pr
onear easonmaps,
preparati
on ofcl ose contourand f lood vulnerabi
l
ity maps,formulat
ing plans for
expansionandmoder ni
zati
onoff l
oodf orecasti
ngandwar ni
ngsystems,identi
ficati
on
ofpriori
tyfloodprotecti
onanddrainagei mprovementwor ks,i
denti
fi
cati
onofr eservoir
s
forreview andmodi fi
cati
onofoper ationmanual sandr ulecurv esandunder taki
ng
specialstudiesonproblemsofrivererosion.
Phase-
II
Theseincl
udei mplementati
onoft heschemesf orexpansi onandmoder nizat
ionofthe
fl
oodf or
ecastingandwar ni
ngnet work,executionoff loodpr otectionanddr ai
nage
i
mpr ov
ementschemes,modi f
icati
on and adopt ion ofr evi
sed r eservoiroperati
on
manuals,enactmentandenf orcementoff loodpl ainzoningr egul
at i
onsandpl anni
ng
and preparati
on ofDet ail
ed Pr oj
ectRepor t
s( DPRs)f orst or
age r eservoi
rs and
i
mplement ati
onoft heschemesf orreal
-t
imecollectionofhy dr
o-meteor ol
ogicaldataon
ri
ver
sinNepal ,BhutanandChina.
Phase-
II
I
Implementati
onofact i
vit
ies,whi
chincl
udeconst
ructi
onofdamsandcat chmentarea
tr
eatment( CAT)wor ksi nIndiaaswellasneighboring count
ri
es,isl
ikelytotake
consider
able ti
me as t hey entai
l maj
or env
ironmental,social
,int
er-st
ate and
i
nternati
onali
mplicat
ions.
Recur
ri
ngAct
ivi
ti
es
Theseact i
vi
tieswhichincl
udei nspecti
onofdams,embankment sandot herst
ructur
al
measures,execution ofr estor
at i
on and strengthening wor
ks and expansi
on and
modernizati
onoffloodf or
ecastingandwar ningsy stems,aretobetakenonar egul
ar
basi
sf orensur i
ng the ef f
ecti
v eness and sustainabil
i
ty ofvari
ous measures for
mini
mizingfloodri
sk.
Fl
oodManagementPl
ans

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Iti
sexpect edthatbasedont hesegui delinesthecent r
almi ni
str
iesanddepar t
ments
concernedandt hestategov ernment swi llpreparethei
rFMPswhi chwi
llbehol i
sti
c,
part
ici
patory,incl
usive, eco-friendl
y and gender -sensiti
ve in nature and t he
i
mpl ementati
onofwhichwi l
lresul ti
naf lood-resil
i
entIndia.Theplanswil
lfocusonthe
communi tyandthecol
lect
iveef fortsofthegov ernmentandNGOs.
I
. St
ruct
ural
Measur
esf
orFl
oodManagement
Themainthr
ustofthefloodpr
otect
ionpr
ogr
ammeundert
akeni
nIndi
asof
arhasbeen
onst
ruct
uralmeasures.
Embankment
s/Banks,
FloodWal
l
s,Fl
oodLev
ees
Theembankmentsy stem int heriverrestri
ctstheriv
ertoi tsexist
ingcourseand
preventsitfr
om ov er
fl
owingt hebanks.Embankment sareconstr
uctedgenerall
ywi t
h
eart
heasi l
yav ai
labl
efrom near byareas.I
ndev el
opedareaswhereadequatespacei s
notav ai
l
ableorlandisveryexpensive,concret
eormasonryfloodwal
lsareconstr
ucted.
Theembankment sproperl
ydesignedwithdr
ainageslui
ces,spill
ingsecti
onsandanti-
er
osion measur
es in combinati
on wit
h otherwor ks such as r eser
voi
rs,channel
i
mpr ov
ementworks,drai
nagei mprov
ementstructur
es,etc,plannedandi mplement
ed
wi
llserv
easashort-
term and/
orlong-
ter
m sol
utiontothefloodproblem
Dams,
Reser
voi
rsandot
herWat
erSt
orages
Lakes,low l
yi
ngdepressi
ons,t
anks,damsandr eserv
oirsstoresignifi
cantpr
opor
ti
ons
offloodwaterandthestoredwatercanberel
easedsubsequent lywhent hefl
oodhas
receded.I
nthecaseofl argemulti
-pur
posereservoi
rs,apr operr eserv
oirr
egul
ati
on
schedulecanbeworkedoutforopti
mum benef
itfr
om theprojectasawhol e
Channel
Impr
ovement
Achannelcanbemadet ocarryf l
ooddischargeatl ev
elsl
owert hani
tspr
evail
i
nghi gh
fl
oodlevelbyimprovi
ngitsdischargecar r
yingcapacit
y.Channelimpr
ovementaimsat
i
ncreasi
ngt heareaofflow ort hev el
ocityoff l
ow (orboth)toincr
easeit
scar r
ying
capaci
ty.
Channelimpr
ovementhasnotbeenr esortedtowidel
yinIndi
amainl
ybecause
ofthehi
ghcostsinvol
vedandt opographicalconstr
aint
s.
Desi
l
ting/
Dredgi
ngofRi
ver
s
Sil
ti
ngatpl aceswher ether i
versemer gefr
om thehill
sintotheplai
ns,atconvexbends
and neart heiroutfal
linto anotherr i
verorlakeorsea,i sanat uralphenomenon.
Accordi
ngly,r iver
s exhibita t endency t
o br ai
d/meander/f
orm del t
as.Selecti
ve
desil
ti
ng/dredging atout f
alls/
conf l
uences orlocalreaches can,be adopted as a
measuret otackletheproblem locall
y.
Dr
ainageI
mpr
ovement
Sur
facewat
erdr
ainagecongest
ionduet
oinadequacyofnat
uralormanmadedr
ainage

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channel
sresul
tsinfl
oodingi
nmanyar eas.I
nsuchcasesconst
ruct
ingnew channel
s
and/ori
mprovingthecapaci
tyofexi
sti
ngchannel
sconsti
tut
eaneffect
ivemeansof
fl
oodcontr
ol.
Di
ver
sionofFl
oodWat
er
Diver
tingallorapar tofthedischargeint
oanat ur
alorart
if
ici
all
yconstruct
edchannel
,
l
yingwi thi
nori nsomecasesout sidethef l
oodplai
nsisausef ulmeansoflowering
waterl evel
si nt he r i
ver
.The fl
ood spillchannelski
rt
ing Srinagarcit
y and the
supplementarydr ai
ni n Delhiare examplesofdi v
erti
ng excesswat erto pr
event
fl
oodingoft heurbanizedar
eas.
Cat
chmentAr
eaTr
eat
ment
/Af
for
est
ati
on
Wat er
shed managementmeasur es such as devel
oping t
he vegetati
ve coveri.e.
aff
orest
ati
onandconservat
ionofsoilcoverinconjunctionwit
hstructuralworksli
ke
checkdams,detenti
onbasinsetc.serveasanef f
ecti
vemeasurei nr educi
ngf l
ood
peaksandcont
rol
li
ngthesuddennessoftherunoff
.
Ant
i-
erosi
onWor
ks
All
uvialri
versareusuallymeander i
ngi nnatureand, t
herefor
e,r
aiseproblemsofer osion
andsi l
ti
ngatv ari
ouslocations.Thisisanat ur
alphenomenonandr esul
tsinlossofl and
atonel ocati
onandgai natsomeot her.
Thepr ocessofbanker osi
oni s,therefore,
consistentl
yactiv
eandmeasur esforprotecti
onofbanksar earecurri
ngnecessi t
y.Anti-
erosi
onwor ksar enormal lytakenuponl yf orprotect
ionoft owns,industr
ialareas,
groupsoft hi
cklypopulatedv i
l
lages.
SeaWal
l
s/Coast
alPr
otect
ionWor
ks
Theer osi
onofl andbyt heseawav esincoast
alareasisaseriousprobl
em.Sea
wall
s/coastalprotect
ionworksinthefor
m ofgr
oynesetc.ar
econstr
uct
edt opr
event
fl
oodingerosionincoastalar
easbyseawater
.
Ali
gnment,Locat
ion,DesignandPr ovi
sionofWaterwayi.
e.Vents,Cul
verts,Br
idges
andCauseway sinNationalHighways,Stat
eHighways,Di
str
ictandOtherRoadsand
Rail
-way
sEmbankment s.
Roads and rai
lwayembankment s cutacross the dr
ainage l
ines and mayl ead to
i
ncreaseinvulnerabi
lit
yoft hearea,thr
oughwhi chtheypass,tofloodinganddrainage
congesti
on,i
ft heyarenotpr operl
yal i
gned,locat
edanddesigned.I n-adequat
ewat er
wayint heform ofv ents/
culver
ts/bri
dges/causewaysisanothercauseofi ncr
easei n
vul
nerabil
i
tytofloods.
I
I.Non-
Str
uct
ural
Measur
es
Non-
str
uct
ural
measur
esst
ri
vet
okeeppeopl
eawayf
rom f
loodwat
ers.
Fl
oodPl
ainZoni
ng

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Thebasicconceptoffl
oodplai
nzoningi
stor
egul
atel
andusei
nthef
loodpl
ainsi
n
ordert
orest
ri
ctthedamageduetof
loods.
Fl
oodPr
oof
ing
Itisessenti
all
yacombi nati
onofst r
uctur
alchangeandemer gencyact i
on,notinv
olvi
ng
anyev acuati
on.Thet echniquesadoptedconsistofprov i
dingraisedplatfor
msf orfl
ood
shelterformenandcat tl
e,raisi
ngthepubli
cut i
li
tyinstal
lati
onespeci al
lytheplat
forms
fordrinki
ngwat erhandpumpsandbor ewell
sabov efloodlevel,promotingconstr
ucti
on
ofdoubl e-
stor
eybui l
dingswher einthefi
rstfl
oorcanbeusedf ort aki
ngshelterduri
ng
floods.
Fl
oodFor
ecast
ingandWar
ning
Fl
oodfor
ecast
ingenabl
esustobefor
ewar
nedast
owhent
her
iveri
sgoi
ngt
ousei
ts
fl
oodpl
ain,
towhatext
entandf
orhowl
ong.
I
ntegr
atedWat
erResour
cesManagement
IWRM aimsatintegr
atingmanagementofwaterresourcesatthebasi
norwat ershed
scal
e.Focus areas forI WRM are waterr
esources assessment
,socio-
economi c
assessment
,waterr esourcespl
anni
ng,impl
ement at
ion ofacti
on pl
ans,day-t
o-day
waterresour
ces management( adj
ust
ments oft he plans)and waterresources
prot
ecti
onandconservati
on.
Response:Responseact
ivi
ti
est
akepl
acedur
ingthedisastersandincl
udeactionst
o
saveli
vesandpreventf
utur
edamagei
nanemergencysituati
on.Theseact
ivi
ti
escoul
d
i
nclude:

 Evacuati
on–Whenadi sast
erispending,
theremaybeaneedt
oev
acuat
eyour
home, hospi
tal
,orof
fi
ce.Ifevacuat
ionisrequi
red:

o Bri
ngy ourDisast
erSupplyKit
o Ensureyouhav eextracash,drinkingwat er
,medicalsuppli
es
 Shel
tering–Taki ngappropri
ateshelteriscrit
icali
ntimesofdi saster.Shel
ter
ing
i
sappr opri
atewhencondi ti
onsrequiret hatyouseekprotecti
oni ny ourhome,
pl
aceofempl oyment,orotherl
ocation.Chi l
drenrequi
reasaf e,secure
envi
ronmentdur ingandafteradisaster.

 Medi
cal
Prepar
edness

Af
teref
fect
sofFl
oodsRequi
ri
ngMedi
cal
Att
ent
ion
Dir
ecthealth effectsofa f l
ood mayi nclude:drowning;i nj
uri
esl i
kecut s,sprai
ns,
fr
actur
es,el ect
ri
cshocks;di arr
hoea,vector-androdent-bornediseasesl ikemal ari
a,
l
eptospir
osis;skinandey ei nf
ecti
ons;andpsy chol
ogicalst r
ess.Thei ndirecthealt
h
consequencesoff loodsareusuallyduetodamagecausedt ohealthcareinfrastr
uctur
e
andlossofessent ialdrugs,damaget owat erandsanitationinfr
astr
ucture,damaget o

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cropsanddi
srupti
onoff oodsuppli
es,destr
ucti
onofproper
tycausi
ngl
ackofshel
ter
thatmayl
eadtoincreasedexposur
etodisease-
vect
ors.
Cr
eat
ingAwar
eness
Thestategovernments/
SDMAswi l
ltakestepstocreat
eawarenesst
othetypeof
i
ll
nessesandotherhealt
hpr
oblemsthatcanresul
tint
heaft
ermat
hoffl
oods,
toal
lthe
medical
teamsandt hecommunit
yatlar
ge.
Cr
eat
ionofTr
ainedMedi
cal
Fir
stResponder
s
The state gover
nments/
SDMAs wi l
lensurethe creat
ion oft
rained medi
calf
ir
st
responder
sf orf
ir
stai
dandresusci
tat
ionmeasur
esfordrowni
ngcases.
Medi
cal
Stor
es
Medicalkit
swillbepreparedf orthemanagementoff l
oodcasualt
ies.Int
rav
enous( IV)
fl
uid,v
entil
ator
s,oxy
gen,dr essingmat er
ial
s,tet
anustoxoi
d,ant
ibi
otics,v
accines,anti
-
snakev enom andant i
-di
arrhoeadr ugswillbet hemostcommonl yneededmedi cal
resour
ces.
Pat
ientEv
acuat
ionPl
an
St
ategov
ernment s/
SDMAswi
l
lmakeav
ail
abl
eemer
gencymedi
calequi
pmentand
dr
ugsf
orresusci
tati
on.
o FoodandWat
erSaf
ety
-Rel
i
efcampst
obepr
ovi
dedwi
thsaf
edr
inki
ngwat
erand
f
oodsuppl
i
es
o

Recov
eryandr
ehabi
l
itat
ion
 Ther ecov
eryfol
lowi
ngadi
sast
ershoul
dbeconsi
der
edaspar
toft
heemer
gency
responseplan.
 Asthewaterr
ecedes,begi
ncl
eanupoper
ati
ons,r
emov
ingorr
elocat
ingdebr
is,
sedi
mentandmudfrom i
mport
antar
easfi
rst
.
 As water
-saturat
ed st
orage and furni
shi
ngs arer emoved,dehumi
dif
icat
ion,
washi
ng,disi
nfecti
ngandothercl
eaningoperat
ionscanbegin.
 Thedangerandr
isksatsi
tedonotnecessar
il
yret
reatast
hewat
err
ecedes.
 Fl
oodwater
scandi
slodgest
orage,equi
pmentanddebr
is,cr
eat
ingunf
oreseen
hazar
ds.
 Thetraini
ngoftheemer gencyr esponset eam shouldi
ncludeincreasedvigil
ance
as t
he wat errecedes and recov er
yf r
om t he f
lood begi
ns.I n addit
ion,the
pot
entialfort
her el
easeofener gy,electri
calshocksorimpoundedwat ershould
beexami nedandmi t
igat
edbef oreper sonnelent
erthefl
oodedar eas.

Downloaded From www.ktunotes.in

  Thef
oll
owi
ngi
nst
ruct
ionscanbegi
vent
othepeopl
eaf
tert
hedi
sast
er

o Followt hedi rect ionofl ocal off icials.Danger ousf loodingcont inues; do
notr eturnhomeunt i
llocal aut hor iti
essayi tissaf e.
o Av oidaffect edar eas.St ayof ft her oadssot hatfi
rstr esponder s/service
crewscangett ot hosewhomostneedhel p.
o Keepoutoft hewat er.Floodwat ercancont aindanger ousdebr is,downed
powerl i
nesorhazar dousmat er i
al s.Donotwal k,
swi m, wade, ordr i
ve
throughf loodwat ers.
o Power , water ,andcommuni cat ionout agesmaybeext ensive.Servicesi n
affectedar easmayt aket i
met of ullyrestore.
o Cashi sbest .Af i
nanci al cont ribut iont oar ecognizeddi sasterreli
ef
organizationi sthemostef fect iv edonat i
ont omake.
o Bev igil
anti nl ooki ngforcer taini nf ect
iousdi seases.Cl inici
ansassessi ng
pat i
entsaf fect edbydi sast ershoul dbewat chingforcer t
aininfecti
ous
diseases, includi ngl eptospi rosi s, hepat it
isA, vibr
iosis,andi nfl
uenza.

Capaci
tybui
l
ding
Aft
eradisast
erCapaci
tybui
l
dingatt
hel
ocal
/St
ateandNat
ionall
evel
shoul
dbe
under
takeni
nter
msof
 Tr
aini
ngt
oresponder
s/medi
cal
per
sonnel
 Enhanci
ngcapabil
i
tiesoft
heI
nst
it
uteswor
kingi
nfi
eldofdi
sast
er
miti
gati
onandmanagement
 Organi
zati
ondevel
opment
 Publ
i
cawar
eness
Di
sast
ermanagementf
ramewor
kfort
idal
wav
es
The590km coastofKer alaisoneoft hemostdenselypopulatedlandar easinthe
countr
y.This coastl
ine i
s exposed t
o high waves,st
orm surges,‘Kall
akadal’and
Tsunami.Thesenat uralphenomenaint urnresul
tsinrampantcoast alerosi
onand
consequentbeechloss.
Dur
ingCyclone&sometimesduetoheav
yflood,
tidalwav
esfr
om t
heseaent
eri
ntot
he
l
and wit
hgr eatfor
ceand stor
eov ertheland fordayst
oget
her.Thi
smaycause
dev
astat
iontostr
uctur
es,l
ossofl
if
eandCrop
I
NSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENTSANDDESI
GN CRI
TERI
AFORTSUNAMI/CYCLONE
MITI
GATION
I
nst
it
uti
onal
Arr
angement
s:
1.Thepr esentt
hree-
ti
erdisastermanagementst
ruct
urei.
e.nat
ional
,stateand
di
stri
cttocont
inue,wi
thtsunamiri
skmanagementaddedtot
henaturalhazards.
Devel
opmentof‘ Di
sast
erManagementI nf
ormat
ionSyst
em’(DMIS)uptov i
ll
age

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 l
evel
2.Devel
opmentofDisast
erManagementSanctuar
iesal
ongthecoast ,whi
chwi l
l
havefaci
li
ti
esli
kesi
mulat
ors,museums,mockups,pl
ant
ati
on,capacit
ybuil
ding
tr
aini
ngfaci
li
ti
eset
c.
3.Constit
uti
onofspeci alTaskFor cewithrepr
esentat
ionf rom IMD,MUD,DST,
DepartmentofForestandEnvir
onment ,
ISRO/DOS,AIR, Doordhar
shan,
Fisher
ies,
soilconser
vati
on,TownandCount ryPl
anningOrganizati
on,Navy,CoastGuard
etc.underr
especti
vestat
edisastermanagementauthoriti
es.
4.Capaci
tybui
l
dingatt
hel
ocal
lev
eli
nter
msof
 Tr
aini
ng
 Or
gani
zat
iondev
elopment
 I
nst
it
uti
onal
i
zat
ionoft
hepr
ogr
ammesand
 Publ
i
cawar
eness
5.Resear
chandDev
elopmentbyacademi
cinst
it
uti
on/
ISRO/
DoDet
c.
 Mi
ti
gat
ionmeasur
es.
 Pr
epar
ati
onoft
sunami
vul
ner
abi
l
itymaps.
 Tsunami
trav
elt
imechar
ts.
 Det
ail
edcoast
alGI
Smapsat1:
4000scal
ewi
tht
hemat
ici
nfor
mat
ion.
Pr
event
ion,
Prepar
edness,
Mit
igat
ion
Vul
ner
abi
l
ityAssessment
Pot
ent i
aldamagef r
om anywav eprevai
lsbecauseofhy drol
ogi
caleffectstostructur
es
bypressureandsuction,
scouringandl i
quefact
ion,
crackingandslumpi ng.Theseresult
i
n structuraldamage to buil
dings,contentsint he house,as wel las damage t o
i
nfr
ast r
ucture( r
oads,bridges,wat er supply
,sewer age,whar ves,seawal ls)
,and
nav
igationalai
ds.
Thev ul
ner
abil
i
tyassessmenti sexpr essedasdet ai
lsofelementsofthebuil
t,nat
ural
andhumanenv ir
onmentsv ulnerabletopot ent
ialtsunami-
rel
ateddamage.TheHazard
Zones(HZs)consist
ingoft err
estri
alenv i
ronment saroundtheshoresandthemar i
ne
envi
ronmentsneedtobeincludedi nthevulnerabil
i
tyassessment.
Thegeneri
cli
stsofecol
ogi
cal
l
ysensi
ti
vear
easandar
easofpar
ti
cul
arconcer
nar
e
st
atedbel
ow:
a. ecol
ogi
call
ysensit
ivear
easincl
udemangroves;cor
alreefs;sandbeaches;sand
dunes;i
nland t
idalwaterbodies,est
uar
ies,l
akes,lagoons,creeks;mudf l
ats;

Downloaded From www.ktunotes.in

 mari
newi l
dli
fepr otect
edar easundertheWildli
fe(Conservati
on)Act
;coast
al
fr
eshwaterlakes;salt
marshes;tur
tl
enesti
nggrounds;horseshoecrabhabi
tat
s;
seagr
assbeds; seaweedbedsandnest i
nggroundsofmi grat
orybir
ds
b.Theareasofparticularconcernincl
ude:coast almunicipal
i
ties/corporat
ions(t
he
ent
ir
enotifi
edarea) ;coastalpanchayat
swi thpopul at
iondensitymor ethan400
per
sons( enti
re notifi
ed area)aspert he latestCensusofI ndia;portsand
har
bours;not
ifi
edt ouri
sm areas;mini
ngsi t
es;not i
fi
edindustri
alestatesetc.
Pr
epar
ati
onofCoast
alVul
ner
abi
l
ity
mapwi
l
linv
olv
ethef
oll
owi
ngt
asks.
a)Pr
epar
ati
onofcoast
all
andusemaponl
argescal
e.
b)Wav
erunuphei
ghtmodel
i
ngandi
nundat
iondi
stancebasedoncoast
albat
hymet
ry
c)Pr
epar
ati
onofDi
git
alEl
evat
ionModel
s(DEMs)atappr
opr
iat
elocat
ions,
and
d)Cr
eat
ionofi
nundat
ionscenar
iousi
ngt
heabov
einf
ormat
ion.
War
ningSy
stem Component
sandI
nst
rument
s
EarlyWarningSystem f
orTsunamisandSt orm SurgesinIndi
anOceansetupbyGoI ,a
17-stat
ionRealTimeSei smicMonitoringNet work(RTSMN)est abli
shedbyI MD.Thi s
networkisdesignedtomoni torandr eporttheoccurrenceofear thquakescapableof
generati
ngTsunami sfr
om thetwopr obableTsunami genicsourcesv i
z.,Java-Sumat
ra-
Andaman- Myanmarbeltandthenort
hAr abi
anSeaar eaintheleastpossi bl
etime.
Aspar toft heNati
onalTsunamiEar lyWarningSy stem,50st ate-
of-t
he-ar
tTi degauges
(36bySOIand14byNI OT)hasbeeni nst
alledatst r
ategiclocat
ionsalongt hecoast .
I
ndian Nat ionalCentr
ef orOcean I nfor
mat i
on Ser vi
ces ( I
NCOIS)has dev eloped
necessar ysoft
wareforreal-t
imerecepti
on,displayandar chivi
ngoft i
degaugedat a.i
f
anyrisei nwaterl
eveli
sr eportedaTsunamiwar ni
ngisissuedwi t
hin60mi nutesoft he
occurrenceoft heeart
hquake.Thei nformat i
onsogener atedwoul dbedi ssemi nated
thr
oughv ari
ouscommuni cati
onchannelst ot heconcer neduseragenci esi naf ull
y
automat edmode.
For
ecast
ingandWar
ningofCy
clones

I
MDi sthenodalagencyi
nthecountrytomonit
orandpredi
ctt
hecy cl
onicdistur
bances
andi
ssuethewarningandadvi
sorybull
eti
ns.
Thecycl
onewarningarei
ssuedtoStateGover
nmentof
fi
cial
sinfourstages:
i.e.
(
i)
pre-
cycl
onewat
chi
ssued72hour
sinadv
ance,
(
ii
)cy
cloneal
erti
ssuedatl
east48hour
sinadv
ance,
(
ii
i)
cycl
onewar
ningi
ssuedatl
east24hour
sinadv
ance,
and
(
iv)
aspostl
andf
allout
looki
ssuedatl
east12hour
sinadv
anceofexpect
edt
imeof
l
andfal
l
.

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I
MDhaspr epar
edr
oadmapf
orcy
clonegenesi
sandf
urt
heri
ntensi
fi
cat
ion,moni
tor
ing
andpr
edi
cti
on
ManagementPlans
Gener
alMeasur es
 Adopt ingi nt egr atedmul ti-
hazar dappr oachwi themphasi soncy clone
andt sunami riskmi ti
gat ioni ncoast al ar eas
 I mpl ement ationofear lywar ni ngsy st em f orcy clonesandt sunami s
 St reaml ini ngt her eliefdi st ri
but ionsy st em i ndi sast eraf fect edar eas
(prepar ationofadat abaseofpeopl el ivingi nt sunami hazar dpr one
areas)
 Desi gn, pract iceandi mpl ement at ionofev acuat ionpl answi th
emphasi sonsel fr eliancef orsust enancewi tht hel ocal s(coast al
communi ty)
 Componentonpl anni ngf orr econst ruct i
onandr ehabi lit
ationshoul dbe
addedi ndi sast ermanagementpl ansatal l level s
 Emphasi sonment al heal thandt osoci o- psy chol ogi cal i
ssuesdur i
ng
postdi sast erper i
odshoul dbeaccor dedi nev er ypl an
 I dent i
f i
cat i
onandst rengt heni ngofexi stingacademi ccent er sinor der
toi mpr ov edi sast erpr event i
on, reduct i
onandmi ti
gat ioncapabi l
ities
 Capaci tybui ldingpr ogr ammest obet akenuponpr ioritybasi s
 Trainingofal l concer nedi ncl udingcommuni ty
 Publ i
cawar enesspr ogr ammes
 Enhanci ngcapabi l
iti
esoft heI nst i
tut eswor ki ngi nf i
el dofdi sast er
mitigat i
onandmanagement
Speci
fi
cMeasuresf orsaf etyf rom Tsunami s/St or m Sur ges
Structur al measur es:
1.Const ruct ionofcy cloneshel ters
2.Pl ant ationofmangr ov esandcoast al for est sal ongt hecoastl ine
3.Dev elopmentofanet wor kofl ocal knowl edgecent er s( rural/urban)
alongt hecoastl inest opr ov i
denecessar yt raini ngandemer gency
communi cat iondur ingcr isist i
me( e.g.cent er sdev el opedbyM. S.
Swami nat hanFoundat ioni nPondi cher ry)
4.Const ruct ionofl ocat ionspeci ficseawal l
sandcor al reef sin
consul tat i
onwi thexper ts
5.Dev elopmentofwel ldesi gnedbr eakwat er sal ongt hecoastt opr ov i
de
necessar ycushi onagai nstcy cloneandt sunami hazar ds
6.Dev elopmentoft sunami det ect ion, forecast ingandwar ning
dissemi nat ioncent res
7.Dev elopmentofa“ Bio- Shield”-anar rowst ri
pofl andal ongcoast line.
8.Per manentst ructur es, i
fanyi nt hi szonewi thst ri
cti mpl ement ationof
suggest ednor ms.
9.Bi o- Shi el dcanbedev elopedascoast al zonedi sast ermanagement
sanct uar y, whi chmusthav et hickpl ant ationandpubl icspacesf or
publ icawar eness, dissemi nationanddemonst rat i
on.
10.Ident i
f i
cat i
onofv ul ner abl est ruct ur esandappr opr i
at er etrof i
tti
ngf or
tsunami /cy cl oner esi st anceofal lsuchbui ldingsaswel lasappr opr i
ate

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 planni ng, desi gni ng, const ruct ionofnewf acilit
iesl ike:
 Cr itical i
nf r
ast ruct ur ese. g.powerst ati
ons, war ehouses, oil andot her
stor aget ankset c.l ocat edal ongt hecoast li
ne.
 Al lot heri nfrast ruct uref aciliti
esl ocatedi nt hecoast al areas
 Publ icbui ldingsandpr iv atehouses
 Al lmar inest r
uct ur es
 Const ructionandmai nt enanceofnat ional andst at ehi ghway sand
ot hercoast al roads
Non-St
ructural Measur es:
1.Stri
cti mpl ement at i
onoft hecoast al zoner egul at i
ons( wi t
hi n500m oft he
hight idel inewi thel ev at i
onofl esst han10m abov emeanseal evel)
2.Mappi ngt hecoast al areaf ormul ti
pl ehazar ds, v ul
ner abi li
tyandr i
sk
analysi supt ot aluka/ v i
llagel ev el.Dev el
opmentofDi sast erI nfor mat ion
ManagementSy stem ( DIMS)i nal l thecoast alst ates.
3.Aggr essi vecapaci tybui ldingr equi rement sf orthel ocal peopl eandt he
admi ni strationf orf acingt hedi sast ersinwakeoft sunami andcy cl
one,
‘basedoncut tingedgel ev el ’.
4.Dev elopi ngt ool sandt echni quesf orr isktransf erinhi ghlyv ulner ablear eas
5.Launchi ngaser iesofpubl icawar enesscampai gnt hr oughoutt hecoast al
areabyv ar i
ousmeansi ncl udi ngAI R, Door darshan&Ot herMedi a.
6.Trainingofl ocal admi nistr ationi nf or ecastingwar ni ngdi ssemi nat i
onand
evacuat iont echni ques
7.Awar enessgener at i
onandt rainingamongt hef i
sher men, coastguar ds,
offi
cial sf rom f isher iesdepar tmentandpor taut hor i
tiesandl ocal distri
ct
offi
cial set c.,inconnect ionwi thev acuat i
onandpostt sunami stor m surge
managementact i
v i
t i
es.Regul ardr illsshoul dbeconduct edt ot estthe
effi
cacyoft heDM pl ans.
8.Studiesf ocusi ngont het sunami r i
sk/ Ri
skduet otidal wav esi nI ndiamay
bet akenunderNCRM pr oj ect .
Response
Response:Responseact
ivi
ti
est
akepl
acedur
ingthedisastersandincl
udeactionst
o
saveli
vesandpreventf
utur
edamagei
nanemergencysituati
on.Theseact
ivi
ti
escoul
d
i
nclude:

 Evacuati
on–Whenadi sast
erispending,
theremaybeaneedt
oev
acuat
eyour
home, hospi
tal
,orof
fi
ce.Ifevacuat
ionisrequi
red:

oBri
ngy ourDisast
erSupplyKit
oEnsureyouhav eextracash,drinkingwat er
,medicalsuppli
es
 Shel
tering–Taki ngappropri
ateshelteriscrit
icali
ntimesofdi saster.Shel
ter
ing
i
sappr opri
atewhencondi ti
onsrequiret hatyouseekprotecti
oni ny ourhome,
pl
aceofempl oyment,orotherl
ocation.Chi l
drenrequi
reasaf e,secure
envi
ronmentdur ingandafteradisaster.

 Medi
cal
Prepar
edness

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Af
teref
fect
sofFl
oodsRequi
ri
ngMedi
cal
Att
ent
ion
Directhealth effectsofa f l
ood mayi nclude:drowning;i nj
uri
esl i
kecut s,sprai
ns,
fractur
es,el ectr
icshocks;di arr
hoea,vector-androdent-bornediseasesl ikemal ari
a,
l
ept ospi
rosis;skinandey ei nf
ecti
ons;andpsy chol
ogicalst r
ess.Thei ndirecthealth
consequencesoff loodsareusuallyduetodamagecausedt ohealthcareinfrastr
ucture
andl ossofessent ialdrugs,damaget owat erandsanitationinfr
astr
ucture,damaget o
cropsanddi srupti
onoff oodsuppl i
es,destructi
onofpr opertycausinglackofshel ter
thatmayl eadt oincreasedexposuretodisease-vect
ors.
Cr
eat
ingAwar
eness
Thestategovernments/
SDMAswi l
ltakestepstocreat
eawarenesst
othetypeof
i
ll
nessesandotherhealt
hpr
oblemsthatcanresul
tint
heaft
ermat
hoffl
oods,
toal
lthe
medical
teamsandt hecommunit
yatlar
ge.
Cr
eat
ionofTr
ainedMedi
cal
Fir
stResponder
s
The state gover
nments/
SDMAs wi l
lensurethe creat
ion oft
rained medi
calf
ir
st
responder
sf orf
ir
stai
dandresusci
tat
ionmeasur
esfordrowni
ngcases.
Medi
cal
Stor
es
Medicalkit
swillbepreparedf orthemanagementoff l
oodcasualt
ies.Int
rav
enous( IV)
fl
uid,v
entil
ator
s,oxy
gen,dr essingmat er
ial
s,tet
anustoxoi
d,ant
ibi
otics,v
accines,anti
-
snakev enom andant i
-di
arrhoeadr ugswillbet hemostcommonl yneededmedi cal
resour
ces.
Pat
ientEv
acuat
ionPl
an
St
ategov
ernment s/
SDMAswi
l
lmakeav
ail
abl
eemer
gencymedi
calequi
pmentand
dr
ugsf
orresusci
tati
on.
o FoodandWat
erSaf
ety
-Rel
i
efcampst
obepr
ovi
dedwi
thsaf
edr
inki
ngwat
erand
f
oodsuppl
i
es
o

Recov
eryandr
ehabi
l
itat
ion
 Ther ecov
eryfol
lowi
ngadi
sast
ershoul
dbeconsi
der
edaspar
toft
heemer
gency
responseplan.
 Asthewaterr
ecedes,begi
ncl
eanupoper
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emov
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mport
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rst
.
 As water
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orage and furni
shi
ngs arer emoved,dehumi
dif
icat
ion,
washi
ng,disi
nfecti
ngandothercl
eaningoperat
ionscanbegin.
 Thedangerandr
isksatsi
tedonotnecessar
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yret
reatast
hewat
err
ecedes.

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  Fl
oodwater
scandi
slodgest
orage,equi
pmentanddebr
is,cr
eat
ingunf
oreseen
hazar
ds.
 Thetraini
ngoftheemer gencyr esponset eam shouldi
ncludeincreasedvigil
ance
as t
he wat errecedes and recov er
yf r
om t he f
lood begi
ns.I n addit
ion,the
pot
entialfort
her el
easeofener gy,electri
calshocksorimpoundedwat ershould
beexami nedandmi t
igat
edbef oreper sonnelent
erthefl
oodedar eas.
 Thef
oll
owi
ngi
nst
ruct
ionscanbegi
vent
othepeopl
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tert
hedi
sast
er

o Followt hedi rect ionofl ocal off icials.Danger ousf loodingcont inues; do
notr eturnhomeunt i
llocal aut hor iti
essayi tissaf e.
o Av oidaffect edar eas.St ayof ft her oadssot hatfi
rstr esponder s/service
crewscangett ot hosewhomostneedhel p.
o Keepoutoft hewat er.Floodwat ercancont aindanger ousdebr is,downed
powerl i
nesorhazar dousmat er i
al s.Donotwal k,
swi m, wade, ordr i
ve
throughf loodwat ers.
o Power , water ,andcommuni cat ionout agesmaybeext ensive.Servicesi n
affectedar easmayt aket i
met of ullyrestore.
o Cashi sbest .Af i
nanci al cont ribut iont oar ecognizeddi sasterreli
ef
organizationi sthemostef fect iv edonat i
ont omake.
o Bev igil
anti nl ooki ngforcer taini nf ect
iousdi seases.Cl inici
ansassessi ng
pat i
entsaf fect edbydi sast ershoul dbewat chingforcer t
aininfecti
ous
diseases, includi ngl eptospi rosi s, hepat it
isA, vibr
iosis,andi nfl
uenza.

Capaci
tybui
l
ding
Aft
eradisast
erCapaci
tybui
l
dingatt
hel
ocal
/St
ateandNat
ionall
evel
shoul
dbe
under
takeni
nter
msof
 Tr
aini
ngt
oresponder
s/medi
cal
per
sonnel
 Enhanci
ngcapabil
i
tiesoft
heI
nst
it
uteswor
kingi
nfi
eldofdi
sast
er
miti
gati
onandmanagement
 Organi
zati
ondevel
opment
 Publ
i
cawar
eness

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