GROUP 9 (28/ 7/ 2022)

RELATIVE CLAUSES - MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

I. Mệnh đề quan hệ
- Mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề phụ được nối với mệnh đề chính bằng các đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ quan
hệ: who, what, which, that, where… dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ (xác định danh từ hoặc đưa thêm
thông tin cho danh từ đó).
-  Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng ngay sau danh từ mà nó bổ sung ý nghĩa.
 VD:    I live in Hanoi where you visited last year. 
Mệnh đề quan hệ: where you visited last year là mệnh đề có chức năng làm rõ nghĩa hơn cho danh từ
Hanoi, câu này sử dụng trạng từ quan hệ “where” để nối mệnh đề chính với mệnh đề phụ.
Xét các các ví dụ sau:
1. Yesterday I met a woman. She is a famous actress.
 Yesterday I met a woman who is a famous actress
 Yesterday I met a woman that is a famous actress
2. A man helped me. You met him this morning.
 The man who you met this morning helped me.
 The man whom you met this morning helped me.
3. I read some novels. Those novels are in English.
 I read some novels which are in English.
 I read some novels that are in English.
4. The book is on the table. It is about Ho Chi Minh.
 The book that is about Ho Chi Minh is on the table.
5. I just talked to Mrs. Hoa. Her house is near here.
 I just talked to Mrs. Hoa whose house is near here.
6. He sat on a chair. Its leg was broken.
 He sat on the chair whose leg was broken.
7. I have a photograph of an old workshop. My father worked in that workshop.
 I have a photograph of an old workshop where my father worked.
8. I like Sunday. My parents often take me to interesting places on Sunday.
 I like Sunday, when my parents often take me to interesting places.
9. I don’t know why you want to work for another company. Tell me the reason.
 Tell me the reason why you want to work for another company.
II.  Các đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ
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WHO : dùng thay thế cho chủ ngữ - chỉ người 

WHOM : dùng thay thế cho tân ngữ  - chỉ người
WHICH : dùng thay thế cho vật, sự việc
THAT :  dùng thay thế cho cả người và vật
WHOSE : dùng thay thế cho sở hữu của người / vật 
WHERE :  dùng thay thế cho trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn 
WHEN :  dùng thay thế cho trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian 
WHY :  dùng thay thế cho lý do (reason /cause)
+ WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT có thể được lược bỏ khi chúng là tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ xác
định.
1. WHO: người mà
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
- làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
….. N (person) + WHO + V + …
….. N (person) + WHO + S + V + …
Ví dụ: There are some people who are waiting for you.
- That is the man who I helped yesterday.
2. WHOM: người mà: Được dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người trong mệnh đề quan hệ khi
nó là tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ.
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
- làm tân ngữ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
…..N (person) + WHO / WHOM + S + V…
Ví dụ: I’d like to talk to the man who / whom I met at your birthday party.
3. WHICH: cái mà
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật, sự việc
- làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
….N (thing) + WHICH + V …
….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V…
Ví dụ: They are talking about the Nile river, which is the longest in the world.
This is the book which I borrowed from the library.
4. THAT: người mà, cái mà
- Có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định (Mệnh đề
dùng để xác định danh từ)
Ví dụ: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.
It was the first time that I heard of it.
These books are all that my sister left me.
She talked about the people and places that she had visited.
5. WHOSE: người mà…của/ người mà có, cái mà…của / cái mà có
dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, dùng thay cho các từ: her, his, its, their, hoặc hình
thức ’s
…..N (person/ thing) + WHOSE + N + V ….
…..N (person/ thing) + WHOSE + N + S + V ….
Ví dụ: The man is your new boss. You see his yellow car. Page8
 The man whose yellow car you see is your new boss.
6. WHERE: nơi mà: thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, như there, in this place…
….N (place) + WHERE + S + V ….
(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ví dụ: a/ The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed at that hotel.
→ The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
→ The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t very clean.
7. WHEN: khi mà: thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then, on that day, at that time…
….N (time) + WHEN + S + V …
(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ví dụ: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.
→ Do you still remember the day when we first met?
→ Do you still remember the day on which we first met?
I don’t know the time. She will come back then.
→ I don’t know the time when she will come back.
8. WHY: tại sao mà: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for
that reason.
…..N (reason) + WHY + S + V …
Ví dụ: I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason.
→ I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school.
III.  Các loại mệnh đề quan hệ
Có hai loại mệnh đề quan hệ: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.
1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clauses): là mệnh đề được dùng để xác định danh từ
đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề xác định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu, không có nó, người đọc và
người nghe sẽ không biết danh từ được đề cập đến là ai, cái gì. Không dùng dấu phẩy ngăn cách nó với
mệnh đề chính.
Ví dụ: - People who drink and drive are a danger to everyone.
    - This is the horse that won last year’s race.
    - A member whose car breaks down can ring this number.
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non-defining relative clauses): là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm
thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác định. Mệnh đề không xác định là mệnh
đề không nhất thiết phải có trong câu, không có nó, người đọc và người nghe vẫn biết danh từ được đề
cập đến là ai, cái gì. Nó được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy (,).
Ví dụ: Da Lat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful. (Non-defining relative clause)
Bill, who won the race last year, hopes to win again.
   His new car, which he paid $15,000 for, has broken down.
    Her car, whose tyres were bad, skedded on the wet road.
Note: để biết khi nào dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta lưu ý các điểm sau:
 Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một danh từ riêng
 Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa có tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their) dứng trước
 Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa la một danh từ đi với this, that, these, those
 Danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là vật duy nhất
IV. NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP PHẢI DÙNG THAT. Page8
1. Khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing,
anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, everything, everyone, every, all, some,
any, little, few, no, none, much” thì dùng “that” mà không dùng “which”.
VD: There are few books that you can read in this book store.
(Có một vài cuốn sách mà bạn có thể đọc ở tiệm sách này).
VD: - You can take any room that you like. (Anh có thể lấy bất cứ phòng nào mà anh thích).
- There is no clothes that fit you here. (Ở đây chẳng có bộ quần áo nào phù hợp với bạn cả).
- These books are all that my sister left me.
(Những cuốn sách này là tất cả những gì chị tôi để lại cho tôi.)
2. Từ được thay thế phía trước vừa có người vừa có vật thì dùng “that” mà không dùng “which”.
VD: - He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.
 (Ông ấy hỏi về những công ty và công nhân mà ông ấy đã đến thăm).
3. Từ được thay thế phía trước có định ngữ là tính từ so sánh nhất thì dùng “that” mà không dùng
“which”.
VD: This is the best novel that I have ever read. (Đây là cuốn tiểu thuyết hay nhất mà tôi từng đọc).
4. Từ được thay thế phía trước có định ngữ là số thứ tự thì dùng “that” mà không dùng “which”.
VD: The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.
(Cảnh tượng đầu tiên về Vạn lý trường thành đập vào mắt ông ấy gây được ấn tượng khó quên
với ông).
5. Từ được thay thế phía trước có định ngữ là “the only, the very, the same, the right” thì dùng
“that” mà không dùng “which”.
VD: It is the only book that he bought himself.
(Đó là cuốn sách duy nhất mà anh ta đã tự mình mua).
6. Trong câu hỏi (Mệnh đề chính) mở đầu bằng “which” thì dùng “that” mà không dùng “which”
làm từ nối.
VD: Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?
(Những cuốn sách có tranh ảnh thì đáng đọc đúng không?)
7. Trong câu nhấn mạnh “It is… that…” thì dùng “that” mà không dùng “which” làm từ nối.
VD: It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.
(Cách đây hai mươi năm chính trong căn phòng này ông ấy đã được sinh ra).
V. NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP PHẢI DÙNG WHICH
1. Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
VD: The Sun, which revolves around the Earth, raises in the East.
2. Trước đại từ quan hệ có giới từ.
VD: The book for which I am looking is an English book.
Câu này cũng có thể viết:
- The book which I am looking for is an English book.
- The book that I am looking for is an English book.
Tương tự nếu trước đại từ quan hệ có giới từ ta phải dùng whom
VD: The teacher about whom you are talking is from Scotland.
Câu này cũng có thể viết:
The teacher whom you are talking about is from Scotland.
The teacher who you are talking about is from Scotland.

EXERCISE RELATIVE CLAUSES

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I. Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or THAT.
1. The men ________________ lives next-door are English.
2. The dictionary ________________ you gave me is very good.
3. Do you know the girls ________________ are standing outside the church?
4. The police are looking for the thieve ________________ got into my house last night.
5. The chocolate _________________ you like comes from the United States.
6. I have lost the necklace ________________ my mother gave me on my birthday.
7. A burglar is someone __________________ breaks into a house and steals things.
8. Buses _________________ go to the airport run every half hour.
9. I can’t find the key ________________ opens this door.
10. I gave you a book _____________ ____ had many pictures.
11. I don’t like the boy _________ ______ Sue is going out with.
12. Did you see the beautiful dress _________________ she wore yesterday.
13. The man ________________ she is going to marry is very rich.
14. This is the bank __________ ______ was robbed yesterday.
15. He wore a mask _________________ made him look like Mickey Mouse.
II. Choose the correct answers.
1. She gives her children everything ________ they want.
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
2. Tell me ________ you want and I will try to help you.
A. that B. what C. who D. which
3. The place ________ we spent our holiday was really beautiful.
A. what B. who C. where D. which
4. What was the name of the girl ________ passport was stolen?
A. whose B. who C. which D. that
5. The bed ________ I slept in was too soft.
A. whose B. which C. what D. who
6. Nora is the only person ________ understands me.
A. which B. who C. what D. whose
7. Why do you always disagree with everything ________ I say?
A. who B. which C. when D. what
8. This is an awful film. It is the worst ________ I have never seen.
A. who B. that C. what D. whom
9. The hotel ________ we stayed was not clean.
A. who B. that C. where D. when
10. The last time ________ I saw her, she looked very beautiful.
A. who B. that C. where D. when
11. What was the name of the people ________ car had broken down.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
12. I recently went back to the town ________ I was born.
A. what B. where C. who D. which
13. The reason ________ I phoned him was to invite him to a party.
A. what B. whose C. why D. which
14. I don’t agree with ________ you have just said. Page8
A. what B. who C. when D. which
15. She told me her address ________ I wrote on a piece of paper.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
16. The dress didn’t fit her, so she took it back to the shop ________ she had bought it.
A. where B. which C. what D. when
17. Do you know the girl ________ Tom is talking to?
A. whom B. what C. which D. whose
18. I gave her all the money ________ I had.
A. that B. what C. when D. whose
19. The party ________ we went to wasn’t very enjoyable.
A. who B. when C. that D. where
20. The stories ________ Tom tells are usually very funny.
A. when B. that C. where D. who
21. I met the woman ________ can speak 6 languages.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
22. Have you seen the money ________ was on the table?
A. who B. which C. where D. whom
23. Where is the picture ________ was on the wall?
A. when B. where C. which D. who
24. I don’t like people ________ never stop talking.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
25. Why does she always wear clothes ________ are too small for her?
A. which B. who C. whose D. where
26. The factory ________ John works in is the biggest in town.
A. when B. where C. which D. how
27. Have you ever seen the photographs ________ Ann took?
A. that B. where C. when D. who
28. Everybody ________ went to the party enjoyed it very much.
A. that B. whose C. which D. who
29. 1945 was the year ________ the second world war ended.
A. which B. why C. when D. where
30. Is there a shop near hear ________ I can buy a postcard?
A. when B. which C. where D. who
31. Sunday is the day _________ most of the Christians usually go to church.
A. in which B. when C. that D. at which
32. Joyce Bews, ________ was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England,
_______ she still lives, was 100 last year.
A. that / in which B. who / where C. that / where D. whom / where
33. According to the research, the time at _________ most road accidents happen is early evening.
A. when B. which C. whose D. that
34. The girls and the flowers _________he painted were vivid.
A. who B. which C. whose D. that
35. We go to school regularly, _________ .
A. that makes our teacher happy B. which makes our teacher happily
C.it makes our teacher happy D. which makes our teacher happy
36. The letter _________ grandma was kept carefully in a box.
A. you wrote B. which you wrote to
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C. to whom wrote D. which wrote
37. Sue lives in the house. The house is opposite my house.
A. Sue lives in the house which is opposite my house.
B. Sue lives in the house who is opposite my house.
C. Sue lives in the house where is opposite my house.
D. Sue lives in the house and which is opposite my house
III. Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or WHOSE:
1. He arrived with a friend ____________ waited outside in the car.
2. The man ______________ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
3. The car ____________ the robbers escaped in was a BMW.
4. The woman ___________ daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
5. The postman ____________ works in the village is very old.
6. The family ___________ car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
7. The cowboy ___________ is wearing a red shirt looks very funny.
8. A bus is a big car ___________ carries lost of people.
9. The volunteers, ____________ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
10. Children ___________ like music are often good at mathematics.
11. The engineers ____________ designed the building received an award.
12. The girl ___________ recited the poem is my niece.
13. The townspeople, ____________ pride in their community is well- known, raised enough money to
build a new town hall.
14. The Pacific Ocean, ____________ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the
world’s largest ocean.
15. The newspaper to ____________ we subscribe is delivered regularly.
IV. Combine these pairs of sentences using relative pronouns.
1. The man didn’t come back again. I shouted at him.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. The television never worked again. I dropped it.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. The machine was broken. I hired it.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. The clothes were beautiful. She bought some clothes.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. The wall fell down after three weeks. They built the wall.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. The policeman wasn’t very helpful. I asked him.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. I didn’t really like the car. We bought it.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. I lost the money. I borrowed it from John.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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9. She is the most intelligent woman. I’ve ever met this woman.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10 .This doctor is famous. You visited him yesterday.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. The first boy has just moved. He knows the truth.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. I don’t remember the man. You said you met him at the canteen last week.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
13. The only thing is how to go home. It make me worried.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
14. The most beautiful girl lives city. I like her long hair very much.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. He was Tom. I met him at the bar yesterday.
 ……………………………………………….………………………………………………………..
16. The children often go swimming on Sundays. They have much free time then.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
17. They are looking for the man and his dog. They have lost the way in the forest.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
18. The tree has lovely flowers. The tree stands near the gate of my house.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
19. My wife wants you to come to dinner. You were speaking to my wife
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
20. The last man has just returned from the farm. I want to talk to him at once.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
21. The students will be awarded the present. The students’ reports are very valuable.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
22. The book was a lovely story. I was reading it yesterday.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
23. The botanist will never forget the day. He found a strange plant on that day.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
24. Someone is phoning you. He looked for you three hours ago.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
25. The man works for my father’s company. The man’s daughter is fond of dancing.
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
VI. Put where, when or why in the blanks.
1. This is the station ………..…. Emily met James.
2. July and August are the months ………..…. most people go on holiday. Page8
3. Do you know the reason ………………. so many people in the world learn English?
4. This is the church ……………. Sue and Peter got married.
5. Edinburgh is the town ……..……. Alexander Graham Bell was born.
6. 25 December is the day ……………. children in Great Britain get their Christmas presents.
7. A famine was the reason ……….…. so many Irish people emigrated to the USA in the 19th century.
8. A greengrocer’s is a shop ……………. you can buy vegetables.
9. The day……………. I arrived was very nice.
10. A horror film was the reason ……………. I couldn’t sleep last night.