ROMANO, JAZEL S.
SEPTEMBER 22,2022
BSED FILIPINO 1-2
• Hydrosphere - "hydro" is short for "water."
• It includes all of the planet's gaseous, liquid, and solid water.
• It extends from the Earth's surface several kilometers down into the
lithosphere and about 12 kilometers up into the atmosphere.
• The majority of the water in the atmosphere is gaseous, and as it rises higher
into the atmosphere, it condenses into clouds, which fall back to earth as
precipitation.
• All of the water in the hydrosphere, like the gases in the atmosphere, is
constantly in motion.
• Rivers, streams, lakes, seas, oceans, and water vapor are natural earth features
that depict the hydrosphere.
• A small amount of fresh (non-salty) water in the hydrosphere flows as
precipitation from the atmosphere down to the Earth's surface, rivers and
streams along the Earth's surface, and groundwater beneath the Earth's surface.
• However, the majority of the world's fresh water is frozen.
• Glaciers are slow-moving ice masses that are also part of the hydrosphere.
• 97% of all water on Earth is salty.
• The majority of salty water is carried by the oceans, while the majority of fresh
water is carried by lakes and rivers.
• The hydrosphere has a significant impact on the earth's temperature.
• Extremely cold temperatures are associated with icebergs, glaciers, or icecaps;
low to moderate temperatures are associated with common types of
precipitation such as snow, rain, drizzle, sleet, or hail; and high temperatures are
associated with dry and hot conditions as well as evaporation. The cryosphere is
another term for glaciers, icebergs, and icecaps.
• Biosphere - "bios" is Greek for "life."
• The biosphere encompasses all living things on the planet, which includes all
animals, plants, and microorganisms.
• Humans are also included in this category.
• All ecological communities within the earth's physical environment fall under the
umbrella of living things (biosphere).
• These ecological communities interact with the earth's physical aspects, such as
the hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere.
• These ecological communities are referred to collectively as biomes.
• The biosphere contains six major biomes: deserts, forests, grasslands, aquatic,
tundra, and chaparral.
• The living things on Earth interact with one another in a variety of ways, as well as
the trophic levels of the food chain - how energy is transferred in ecological systems.
• It is impossible to detect each individual organism within the biosphere from
space.
MR. JOJIE
• Atmosphere - " atmos " refers to vapor.
• The atmosphere is made up of all the air in the atmosphere.
• It is composed of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases such as
carbon dioxide (0.039%), argon (0.93%), and the rest are trace gases (krypton, neon,
helium , and xenon).
• As one ascends in altitude, the atmosphere becomes thinner, and this characteristic
progresses towards space.
• The atmosphere extends from the earth's crust to more than 6200 miles (10,000
kilometers) above the earth's surface.
• The atmosphere is divided into layers, with the stratosphere containing the ozone
layer, which protects organisms in the biosphere from the sun's harmful radiation.
• The troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere are the other layers
of the atmosphere.
• These atmospheric layers have different chemical compositions and temperatures,
and the temperatures and chemical compositions vary greatly among them.
• The troposphere is where most weather occurs, and it gets colder with altitude.
• Weather occurs when the air temperature in the lower portion of this sphere
changes.
• Air in the lower atmosphere moves around the planet as it is heated or cooled.
• The outcome can range from as simple as a breeze to as complex as a tornado.
• The atmosphere is constantly interacting with the hydrosphere, resulting in the
planet's weather conditions.
• Lithosphere - "lithos" is Greek for "rock."
• It consists of all the hard and solid land mass on the earth's surface, semi-solid rocks
(molten materials) beneath the earth's crust, and liquid rocks in the earth's inner
core.
• The lithosphere's surface is uneven due to the presence of various landform
features.
• Landforms include mountains such as Mount Fuji in Japan and Mount Vesuvius in
Italy, deep valleys within mountain ranges, vast plains such as those found in Texas
and Brazil, vast plateaus such as the Bolivian plateau in South America and the
Colorado plateau in the United States, and hills such as the black hills.
• The lithosphere's liquid, semi-solid, and solid land components form chemically and
physically distinct layers.
• This is why the lithosphere is divided into sub-spheres such as the crust, mantle,
outer core, and inner core.
• The crust is made up of rocks and loose soil.
• The mantle is composed of dense rock composed of nickel and iron in the form of
silicate rocks, while the lower part is composed of semi-solid (partially molten) rocks.
• The outer core is made entirely of liquid (molten) rock materials.
• The inner core is the center of the earth and is entirely composed of extremely hot
and liquid iron and nickel.
• Rock materials are classified into three types based on how they formed: igneous
rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks.