The Asian School Kingdom of Bahrain

Subject: Chemistry
Grade: 10
Chapter :Metals and Non-Metals

Comparison of physical and chemical properties of metals and non – metals :-

S.No Property Metals Non-Metals

Metals are solid at room Non-metals generally
1 Physical State temperature. Except mercury and exist as solids and gases, except
gallium. Bromine.
Metals generally have Non-metals have low
2 Melting and boiling points high m.pt and b.pt except gallium m.pt and b.pt except diamond and
and cesium. graphite.
3 Density Generally high. Generally low.
Neither malleable nor
4 Malleability and Ductility Malleable and ductile.
ductile.
Generally poor
Electrical and thermal Good conductors of heat
5 conductors of heat and electricity
conductivity and electricity.
except graphite.
Do not have luster
6 Luster Poses shining luster.
except iodine.
Give sonorous sound Does not give
7 Sonorous sound
when struck. sonorous sound.
Generally hard except Solid non-metals are
8 Hardness
Na, K generally soft except diamond.

Comparison of Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals:-

Non-metal + Oxygen →Non-metal

Metal + Oxygen→Metal oxide oxide
4Na(s) + O2(g) →2Na2O(s) C + O2 →CO2
4Al(s) + 3O2(g) →2Al2O3 S + O2 →SO2
Metals form basic oxides Non-metals form acidic
Reaction Zn and Al form amphoteric oxides oxides
1 with (they show the properties of both CO and HO2O are neutral
Oxygen acidic and basic oxides) oxides(they are neither acidic nor
Most of the metal oxides are basic in nature)  Non- metal oxides
insoluble in water Some of them are soluble in water
dissolve to form Alkali They dissolve in water to form
Na2O(s) + H2O(l) →2NaOH(aq) acids
SO2 + H2O →H2SO3
2 Reaction Metals react with water to Non-metals do not react
with form metal oxides or metal with water, steam to evolve

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 hydrogen gas. Because  Non-
hydroxide and H2 gas is released.
metals cannot give electrons to
water 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) →2NaOH +
hydrogen in water so that it can be
H2(g) + heat
released as H2 gas.
Metal + Acid →Metal salt +
Hydrogen
HCl
Non-metals do not react with acids
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)→ MgCl2(aq) +
to release H2 gas                  
H2(g)
Reaction Reason- Non-metals cannot lose
H2SO4
with electrons and give it to Hydrogen
3 2Na(s) + H2SO2→ Na2SO4(aq)
dilute ions of acids so that the gas is
+H2(g)
Acids released.
HNO3
Mn + 2HNO3→ Mn(NO3)2 + H2
Metal + HNO3→ H2 gas is not
H2 gas from HNO3
displaced.
Reason- HNO3 is strong oxidizing
agent.
When non-metals react
When metals react with salt
with salt solution, more reactive
solution, more reactive metal will
Reaction non-metal will displace a less
displace a less reactive metal from
4 with salt reactive non-metal from its salt
its salt solution.
solutions solution.
CuSO4(aq) + n(s)→ ZnSO4(aq) +
2NaBr(aq) + Cl2(g)→ 2NaCl(aq) +
Cu(s)
Br2(aq)
Non-metal + Chlorine→Non-metal
Metal + Chlorine→ Metal Chloride Chloride
Reaction
ionic bond is formed. Therefore covalent bond is formed. Therefore
5 with
Ionic compound is obtained. 2Na+ covalent compound is obtained.
Chlorine
Cl2 → 2NaCl H2(g) + Cl2 → 2HCl
 
Metals react with hydrogen
Reaction to form metal hydride This reaction Non-metals react with hydrogen to
6 with takes place only for most reactive form hydrides     H2(g) + S(l) →
Hydrogen metals.       2Na(s)+ H2(g) → H2S(g)
2NaH(s)

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 REACTIVITY SERIES

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