Masters of Urban and Regional Planning, M.S.

University
Land Economics
Khushali Modi

Land Use in War

The war is happening high intensity and high level of violence the war has different types of
war like Revolutionary war, Civil war, Insurgency and Counter Insurgency, Guerrilla war,
Asymmetric war and Terrorism, Proxy war and Nuclear war. This research paper address this
gap by studying the effects of war land use/ land-cover change in war zone. During The use
of explosive weapons in urban areas creates vast quantities of debris and rubble, which can
cause air and soil pollution. Pollution can also be caused by damage to light industry and
environmentally sensitive infrastructure such as water treatment plants. Effects of war also
include mass destruction of cities and have long lasting effects on a country's economy.
Armed conflict has important indirect negative consequences on infrastructure, public health
provision, and social order. These indirect consequences are often overlooked and
unappreciated. In this major loss happened by Nuclear weapon. At this time 2 cities attacked
by Nuclear weapon which is Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. For understand the how land
use change and economy changed after the war studying the Hiroshima city which attacked
by Nuclear weapon on 6th august 1945.

Total population before city attacked: 345000

Total death because of attack: 140000
Current Total population: 1199390

This city destroyed completely. It is hardly surprising that an explosion of this kind would do
a number of things which no other explosion in the entire history of warfare had ever done
before. Among these, the most obvious is the sheer amount of sudden destruction which it
produced. Even so, no one knows or ever will, as to how many people were actually killed or
are still slowing dying by the bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima just over four decades
ago. However, because of its hills, the damage was confined to its northern part where the
bomb exploded. Even so, of its 55,000 buildings, 20,000 were demolished altogether.
In addition, the explosions released massive amounts of radioactivity which is known to be a
source of a variety of cancers and these in turn, would continue to kill over the years slowly
and painfully. That is why those who died immediately are generally considered to have been
far luckier than the `survivors’ of the explosions who had to suffer incurable illnesses for
various periods of time.

Figure 2 before 1945 and after 1945

Figure 1 after attacked how city destroy.

 Figure 1 effects of Atom bomb

Having a population of 1.12 million (as of 2005) and an area of 741 square kilometers,
Hiroshima City (34°23´N, 132°27´E) is regarded as a metropolis in Japan. The Japanese
economy grew rapidly from the 1960s. Rapid and massive migration of people into cities
resulted in uncontrolled land use in the suburbs of Japanese cities, and Hiroshima City was
not an exception. Figure 1 shows the landscape change in Hiroshima City. In 1948,
residential districts were concentrated in the central delta and farmland existed along the
valleys. However, along with the rapid economic growth around 1970, residential areas
expanded and farmlands were changed to residential areas. Around 1994, the forest of outer
downtown Hiroshima was developed to create a new residential area. In 2001, the master
plan of greenery in Hiroshima City was made.
Figure 4 Land use changes in Hiroshima City from 1948 to 1994. Area is in the full administrative area
of Hiroshima City

Five different zones of greenery resources were newly established by synthetic approaches
for coexistence of human and nature (Fig. 2).

Figure 5 Zone map of Hiroshima city in different greenery resources from the master plan of
greenery (Hiroshima City 2001).
After atomic bombing, the buildings and trees within the 2 km radius from the epicentre were
burnt down, and most of the houses within the 3 km collapsed Only Shukkeien garden
located in the centre of Hiroshima remained, because the area of this garden was bigger than
other parks in the vicinity. Naturally, in the late 1940s after the A-bombing, there was a plan
for recovering greenery. But, it did not prosper due to the lack of enough financial support.
Hiroshima launched a war damage reconstruction plan in 1946. The plan included 35 parks
and other infrastructures. In 1949, the city was made ready to set up the public greenery
program by producing tree seedlings in the municipal seedling fields. These programs were
systematic planning, however there were no real pr

Figure 6 Map showing the epicentre of the atomic bomb and bombed area of Hiroshima
City. The deltaic urban zone includes almost the bombed area (Hiroshima City 1971).
In 1958, the population of Hiroshima reached 410,000, finally exceeding what it was before
the war. In 1980, Hiroshima became Japan's tenth "government ordinance designated city."
At present, it is a major urban centre, home to about 1.12 million. However, the people of
Hiroshima have certainly not forgotten the fact that their city was once transformed to rubble
by an atomic bomb. The A-bomb Dome, a silent witness to the horror of that bombing, was
registered on the World Heritage List in 1996. Now, it will be protected forever to tell future
generations about the cruel tragedy of the atomic bomb. Every year on August 6, the day the
bomb was dropped, Hiroshima holds a ceremony in Peace Memorial Park. There, the mayor
reads his annual Peace Declaration. The city of Hiroshima is determined to fulfil its mission
as an international peace culture city. It will continue doing everything it can to rid our world
of nuclear weapons and build a world of genuine and lasting peace.

Peace Memorial Park and the Heart of Hiroshima

High-rise buildings line the downtown streets, but the park is filled with green, an appropriate
place to pray for world peace.

Figure 2 Plan of Peace Memorial Park

Figure 3 Image of Peace Park