Department of Education

Division of Pasig City

Eusebio High School

C. Raymundo Ave., Rosario, Pasig City

Evaluation of Bike Lane Barrier Design of EHS-B.T.S (Bike to School) Enthusiast

Presented by:

Leonil O. Obani

John Lester G. Gomia

Jestaly Joseph A. Castillo

Ma. Cristina D. Mangaron

Jay-R C. Magoliman

Presented to:

Mr. Andy Glova, M.A.T.

11 STEM C
 CHAPTER 1

The Problem and its Background

Introduction

Barriers are added safety features to avoid unnecessary accidents, but if not properly

implemented, they could cause traffic and increase the probability of accidents. (Ksaibati et

al. 2020). Bike lane barriers improve the safety of the whole road. In 1880, bike lanes were

introduced. It is where the first bike transportation mode started. However, in the 20th century,

it was removed, but it came back eventually. Physical Bike barriers are safer than the old-

fashioned painted barriers as they provide boundaries between other vehicles and bike lanes.

In Seville, Spain, 120 km of built protected lanes that increased people’s use of bikes as

transportation by 11. Toronto, Canada used bike barriers instead of traditional painted bike

lanes. Philadelphia’s bike traffic grew by 266% because of improvements in pedestrian lanes,

one-way lanes, and eliminating bike lane networks (Dayao, 2016). The Pasig city lanes are

always busy, especially in the morning, due to the random size of vehicles passing by.

Because of this, smaller vehicles like bikes find it difficult to pass through. There are specific

lanes that are intended as lanes for bikes only, but because of the traffic and insufficient

boundaries, they have been taken advantage of by large vehicles to pass through bike lanes.

According to research, bike barriers must be organized and have technological assistant

features to ensure bicyclist safety and comfort (Patel S, 2020).barriers needed to be wider for

bidirectional and overcrowded bicyclists. There must be a way for the bike barriers to be

signed, especially in those crosswalks and parking lanes (Kidd, 2014). Bike riders must have

painted sign indicators for the bikers to be guided and safe (CAA, 2020). With all the facts

gathered, the researchers came up with a design and prototype for a bike lane barrier in Pasig
City. This design and prototype is unique because of their safety features in terms of color,

dimensions and component materials. As bike mode transportation and technological devices

are trending, the researchers will focus on the design first then protoype of the bike lane

barrier. For this research to be accomplished, the researchers will create a design of the

barrier. Research Questionnaires will be created for respondents for data collection, analyzed,

provide conclusions and recommendations.

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 shows the variables, research processes, and the hypothesis are all part of the

study .The independent variables are Bike lane barriers: ideal safety measures, color,

dimensions, and component materials. The independent variables are based from the

evaluation scores gathered through research questionnaires from the EHS-B.T.S (Back to

school) enthusiast. The main concept is that the Bike lane barriers: ideal safety measures,

color, dimensions, and component materials will be implemented on the bike lanes and roads

in Pasig City. The null hypothesis is the basis of the research that predicts the possible results

of the study. In this study, it is a negative null hypothesis, there is no significant difference

between the weighted evaluation scores of the proposed bike lane barriers design from pre-

pandemic and through pandemic according to EHS-BTS enthusiasts in terms of color,

dimensions, and component materials.

Statement of the Problem

This study focuses to evaluate and create a prototype Bike Lane Barrier that will be

useful by giving free space to students, teachers as well as school staff who use their bikes as

transportation to school.

This study specifically seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the perceived ideal safety measures according to EHS-BTS (Bike to School)

enthusiasts in the bike lane barriers?

2. What are the sustainable safety measures according to EHS-BTS enthusiasts in bike

lane barriers design in terms of:

a. Color
 b. Dimensions

c. Component Materials

3. What are the weighted evaluation scores of the proposed bike lane barriers design

from pre-pandemic and during pandemic according to EHS-BTS enthusiasts in terms

of:

a. Color

b. Dimensions

c. Component Materials

4. Is there a significant difference between the weighted evaluation scores of the

proposed bike lane barriers design from pre-pandemic and during pandemic according

to EHS-BTS enthusiast in terms of color, dimensions and component materials?

Hypothesis

The researchers formulated a Null hypothesis:

Ho: There is no significant difference between the weighted evaluation scores of the

proposed bike lane barriers design from pre-pandemic and through pandemic according to

EHS-BTS enthusiasts in terms of color, dimensions, and component materials.

Significance of the Study

This study aims to prevent other vehicles from passing through bike lanes, and provide

protection and safety which would prevent accidents for the drivers, infrastructure, and also

pedestrians.

The following are the beneficiaries of the study: 

Bicyclists - This study will benefit cyclists by preventing them from accidents with other

vehicles they may encounter, and also by motivating and ensuring they are comfortable going

to their destination. They may also recommend other people to ride a bike as their mode of

transportation because, because of the barrier, their safety is guaranteed.

Pedestrians - This study will benefit pedestrians by preventing them from accidents caused by

other bikes that pass through bike lanes. Also, because of this study, they might think that

biking might solve traffic and also costly transportation expenses.

Commuters - This study will benefit commuters as they will feel safe and comfortable using

bikes as a mode of transportation. Also, this study will encourage other commuters to ride

bikes because safety is guaranteed.

Traffic Enforcers - The study will help traffic cops maintain a safer and more efficient

environment on the roads they're supposed to patrol.

Future Researchers – This study will help future researchers come up with new approaches to

strengthen the bike lane barrier and lessen the amount of damage cyclists endure.

Businesses - This study will benefit businesses, especially those who deliver food and

packages, because it will be safe and fast to transport the materials. Because of this, other

businesses will switch their delivery transportation to bike transportation.

Economy - This study will benefit the economy because of its safety and fast transportation.

It will affect the economy. The economy may experience some increased changes in specific

areas or countries' wealth and resources.

Government - This study will benefit the government because it might reduce traffic and

accidents. Because of this, the government will set up and improve bike lanes and barriers.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study aims to evaluate Bike Lane Barriers Design of EHS-B.T.S (Bike to School)

Enthusiast. The researchers will gather data from the respondents through scores then sum the

possible majority ideal safety measurements in terms of the bike lane barrier's color,

dimensions, and component materials. The subjects are students, teachers as well as school

staff in Eusebio High School, Pasig city who use their bikes as transportation with the total

population of 50. This study will be conducted using research questionnaires. This research

questionnaires compose of series of questions to be able to identify which safety

measurements is the most ideal for the respondents in terms of the bike lane barrier's color,

dimensions, and component materials. After that, the data will be gathered and scores will be

analyzed to identify which majority of high scores will be use in the safety measurements of

bike lane barriers to be use on the bike lane of Pasig City.

The study will be conducted at Eusebio High School, Pasig city. The population or

respondents are 50 and will be limited to 25 students and 25 teachers/school staffs to be use
for evaluation or data gathering. The researchers will not include the cost of the materials, the

strength of the barriers and number of barriers.

The study will be conducted on first semester of year 2022-2023.

Definition of Terms

Commuters - People choose this mode of transportation for less cost or alternative

transportation. In this study, commuters are one of the dependent variables.

Barriers - A fence that prohibits other vehicles for access from other lanes. In this study, a

bike lane barrier is used to prevent other vehicles from entering bike lanes.

Bike - A two wheel machine used for transportation and entertainment. In this study, bikes

are one of the independent variables that depend on the bike lane barrier which is an

independent variable.

Lanes - A road for vehicle and other transportation purposes. In this study, bike lanes are

lanes that are only for bikes to pass through.

Technological Assistant Features - Features that assist people in their daily activities. In this

study, technological assistant features will help bicyclists to be guided especially to those

who are new or don't have a map.

Prototype - A model of things that are being replicated or modified from the original. In this

study, the researchers will implement a prototype of the bike lane barrier after the design was

made to test its impact on the roads of Pasig City.

Terrain – A plot of land where infrastructure, plantations, and even roads could be built in

this study, researchers will determine if the terrain is suitable for the barrier design.

Transportation mode - Defined as the modes of transporting people or goods from one

location to another in this study, researchers will find a barrier design to convince bike

enthusiasts to choose bikes as their mode of transportation. 

Curb adjacent - A lane is a parking area for any vehicle that is near the parking meters. In this

study, researchers will determine a specific width for the adjacent curb that is exclusively for

bikes only. 

Gutter pan - Is a surface road commonly located at the sides of the road or bike lanes that is

parallel, to collect rain, that is more like a little drainage system. In this study, researchers

will also be aware of the gutter pan as it serves the safety of the bike lanes. 

Pavement standards - Are standards for the specific surface of the roads. In this study,

researchers consider the pavement standards for additional ideas in barrier design.
Intersections - Two or more roads are met. Researchers will be aware of the intersections

because of the length limitations of the barrier designs. 

Hard turns - On turning roads, drivers must turn their steering wheel twice to make the

desired turn, according to researchers will be aware of the hard turns as they will be an

intervention in the barrier design. 

Blind turns - People are afraid of turning roads that also have hard turns because they can't

see what vehicle will pass. In this study, researchers will also provide signs on the barrier

design to add more safety for bike enthusiasts.

Bollards - Posts that are used to protect and guide vehicles on the road. In this study,

researchers will also study bollards and their effectiveness on the road as a basis for

improving barrier design.

Safety buffers - A place behind protective infrastructure or barriers wherein it prevents

another vehicle from passing through. In this study, safety buffers will be the bike lane.

Researchers will measure the width exclusively for bike vehicles only. 
Bike lane markings - Road markings to warn and guide vehicles to where to stop, aware of

the pedestrians and possible vehicles that are passing through. In this study, researchers will

provide space for road markings as additional safety features. 

Audits - Is an examination of the safety of roads by a multidisciplinary team. In this study,

researchers will be aware of the road safety audit in designing proper barriers. 

Bidirectional lane - The wider lane consists of two back and forth direction lanes

(bidirectional) like on the common road. In this study, researchers will disregard the

bidirectional lane concept and will use only the unidirectional lane in designing the barrier. 

Polystyrene – Solid or foamed materials are usually used in wrapping products to protect

them from possible impacts. In this study, researchers will think about considering this

material in the barrier as it’s known for impact absorption. 

CHAPTER 2

Review of the Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the following literatures and studies that were related and was

use to this study, “Evaluation of Bike Lane Barrier Design of B.T.S (Bike to School)

Enthusiast”.
Review of Related Literature

In the study of Krish, Liu, and Van (2018), to understand cycling experiences, the

contributions of qualitative methods are urban design, mobilities, and geography are

important. Also, speed cycling depends on the interaction of bikers on different terrain.

Convincing people to choose bikes over cars as a transportation mode will depend on the

cost and level of service inroads, such as appropriate infrastructure, that will lead the

government to strengthen the policies and strategies for reducing traffic conditions and

increasing bicycle mode transportation (Koglin, Ekblad and Svensson 2016). 

According to the Federal Highway Administration (n.d.), wider bike lanes with a

minimum width of 1.5 meters (5 feet) against a curb adjacent to the parking lane are

recommended, particularly in rural areas.1–2 foot gutter pan adjacent to the curb. In

measuring the width of the bike lanes, factors such as depth of pavement standards, bus stop

areas, and intersections should be considered. These factors prevent bikers from possible

accidents with other vehicles, hard turns, and blind turns.

In the study of Amezola, et al. (2022), the case of AV. Guadalupe, 3 challenges have

been identified that could result in more branches of consequences in future projects; these

are community, opposition, limited funding, and lack of speed management. However, this

could be lessened if there was unity and firm policy foundations. 

In the study of Kazemzadeh, Hiselius, Laureshyn, and Ronchi (2020), to have a proper

understanding and evaluation of bikers’ experience, infrastructure is considered and needed

inroads.

Bike lanes are prone to any vehicle, especially motorcycles, because of the lack of

physical features such as bollards. However, it lessens the interest and danger for bikers and
other vehicles because of fewer road spaces. Having bike pathways for locals is comfortable,

yet in rural places, pedestrians are a threat to the bikers (Appracio and Jarry 2021).

Ruebens (2017) stated that the places that most frequently use barriers are those related

to overcrowded car traffic. But some places that are related to weather have less use of

barriers.

The National Association of City Transportation Officials (2015) stated that the best

way to ensure safety in bike lanes is to have safety buffers to protect bikers from other

vehicles. Additionally, distinguishing bike lane markings and interaction treatments also help

in road safety. 

To ensure road safety, a series of road safety inspections and audits must be conducted

that lead to the design of construction. In infrastructure design, surveys and group discussions

from the community are considered in reviewing the present infrastructure designs (Mayuga

and Xu 2020).

According to Fishman, Haworth, and Washington (2012), bike infrastructure keeps

bikers safe from accidents and negative vibes from other vehicle drivers.

Review of Related Studies

In the study of Crossroads Minnesota’s Transportation Research Blog (2017), the study

of a well-defined bicycle-protected lane is important for protecting cyclists from other

vehicles.

The research of Ganiron Jr. (2017) stated that bike lane infrastructure that protects and

prevents vehicles from passing through needs to be revised to have a safe, clean, and

comfortable environment for bikers.

 The findings of Bogenberger, et. Al (2021) stated that having the same vehicle signals

and a one-direction bike lane (unidirectional) gives more safety on highways, especially in

highway intersections, than the idea of having a bidirectional bike lane.

Another related study by Cicchino, et. Al (2019) stated that bike lanes that are only for

bikes are far safer than main roads. In designing a bike lane path, quality of safety must be

prioritized.

In a previous study, Levinson and Schoner (2014) collected 74 US bike infrastructure

maps and systemically analyzed them to look for significant changes.Based on the controlled

demographic variables and the capacity of the city, similarities were the important factors in

bicycle commuting. This will give planners and policymakers ideas for evaluating and

improving bike infrastructure.

David, et al. (2013) discovered that using a water-filled barrier with 80% water inside

absorbs energy impact from vehicles and other barriers. The barrier improves its impact-

resistant material.

The study of Yumrutas and Yorur (2017) stated that the use of a barrier that is made of

wood and sand absorbs impact from vehicles and other barriers. And also, at the top part of

the barrier, have space for the plantation of flowers to block sparkling lights at the

intersection, making drivers safe and appealing to its appearance.

The research of Yumrutaş and Ali (2022), according to experimental research they

conducted, a new hybrid barrier made from slag and tires can be used as an alternative to its

previous barriers.

This previous study by Muhammed and Husan (2017) stated that concrete barriers meet

the requirements for roadside safety because 15 and 30% expanded polystyrene can absorb

impact from vehicles, and 45% expanded polystyrene can absorb impact from vehicles.
 Another related study by Molan and Ksaibati (2021) stated that the barrier is not

required to be short in horizontal curves. It requires 6.1 feet of height, which is higher than

the previous study recommendation guide. 

Synthesis

In bike barrier design, researchers should be aware of the guidelines in designing such

as bike lanes that aim to protect bikers from other vehicles (Crossroads Minnesota’s

Transportation Research Blog 2017). The improved quality of the bike path and the revision

of previous infrastructure result in a safer, cleaner, and more comfortable road (Ganiron Jr.

2017) and (Cicchino et al. 2019). Although researchers realize that not all the previous

designs need to be revised, the same vehicle signs or signals and one bike lane direction give

more simplicity to bikers. Hence, it will increase the demographic relations as well as the size

of the city (Bogenburger et al. 2021) and (Levinson and Schoner 2014). 

Bike barrier design should have features that will help bikers stay safe, such as using

wood, slag, tires, and polystyrene (David et al. 2013) and Muhammad and Husan 2017). The

height is 6.1 feet as an alternative height size from the previous one used in horizontal curved

roads (Molan and Ksabati 2021). The interior was filled with sand or water that has the

capability of impact absorption (Yumrutas and Your 2017). 

In addition to safety and comfort is the awareness of the researchers of terrain, cost, and

space of the bike lanes in the barrier design (Kvish, Liu, and Van 2018) and (Koglin, Ekbal,

and Svensson 2016). Because of this community unity and policy foundation, the bike barrier

design will be supported and improved (Federal Highway Administration nd.) and (Amezol

et al. 2022).

Some places lack physical barriers. Even though weather is unaccounted for, traffic is

the most common and frequent use of the barrier (Reubens 2017). In barrier measurements,
wide lanes are recommended, especially in rural places that will serve as protection for

cyclists, pedestrians, and other vehicles (Appracio and Jarry 2021) and (The National

Association of City Transportation 2015). A series of surveys and group discussions will also

be the basis of barrier design to prevent other vehicle drivers from giving negative vibes to

cyclists (Mayuga and Xu 2020) and (Fishman, Haworth, and Washington 2012). 

CHAPTER 3

Methodology

This chapter consists of research design, sampling method, statistical treatment, and the

procedures for data gathering.

Research Design

This study used an experimental physical research design since this study aims to

manipulate independent variables to see the significant results of the research study. The

researchers conducted an evaluation to determine significant differences in the bike lane

barrier designs of EHS-B.T.S (Bike to School) enthusiasts and their ideal and sustainable

safety measures in terms of their color, dimensions, and component materials. The

independent variables are color, dimensions, and component materials of the bike lane

barriers were evaluated by 25 students and 25 teachers/school staffs. The information

gathered was identified, analyzed its problems, developed a new barrier design and prototype,

and provided conclusions based on the improvement of the bike lane barrier.

A Z-test was used to see the significant differences in data gathered from respondents

on ideal safety measures of the bike lane barrier in terms of its color, dimensions, and

component materials. 

Sampling Method
 The researchers used systematic random sampling that suited the sampling procedure of

the study. The research requires probability sampling as it provides all elements at regular

intervals in the list of the targeted population. The ideal safety features in bike lane barriers in

terms of color, dimensions, and components are the following: The color of the barrier is

orange; the distance of the barrier from the roadside is 1.5 meters (5 feet); the height is 1.83

meters (6.1 feet); the interval of each barrier is 20 cm (feet); and the components are screws

and jeep tires.

The following materials will be used in the course of this study:

The following equipment and utensils will be used in the course of this study:
Statistical Treatment

Using the Z-test, the gathered data from the respondents was analyzed to identify the

significant difference between the weighted evaluation scores of the proposed bike lane

barriers design from pre-pandemic and through pandemic according to EHS-BTS enthusiasts

in terms of color, dimensions, and component materials.

Data Gathering Procedure

Researchers constructed a research questionnaire to identify the significant difference

between the weighted evaluation scores of the proposed bike lane barriers design from pre-

pandemic and through pandemic according to EHS-BTS enthusiasts in terms of color,

dimensions, and component materials.

Firstly, the researchers sought the basic research background for the study. Then identify

the characteristics that you wish to measure or evaluate in the research questionnaires.

Second, the researchers conceptualize the questions by using a Likert scale to measure

the behavior quantitatively. The questions are based on the research questions or statements

of the problem simply and concisely to be understood. The types of questions vary depending

on how the researchers intend to use the data in the study.

Thirdly, the researchers will test the validity of the research questionnaires to see how

accurate it is to gather data from the respondents. Face validity: wherein the validator checks

and provides suggestions about whether the instrument used by the researchers is appropriate

and accurate to gather data in the research (Stephanie, 2015). The content validity where the

validator will check the questionnaires if the contents are directly connected to the study, the

lacking contents and also irrelevant contents may be assessed by the validator to make sure
the questionnaire is accurately getting data from the respondents (Middleton 2020). Criterion

validity: the validator checks the relationship between the results of the instruments used by

respondents (Middleton 2020). If the relationship is highly connected, then the validator will

only say it’s accurately measuring the data. And final construct validity: the validator also

checks if the questionnaire is connected to the theory of the study or in the review of the

related literature and studies to ensure if it is connected and measures data from the

respondents (Middleton 2020).

Fourthly, the researchers also test the reliability of the research questionnaires. Stability

or Test-retest reliability means the researchers use the same questionnaires at different points

of time in the same sample and then find the correlational scores between the two sets. The

Split-half method, where the same topic but different sets of questionnaires are given to the

same sample, finds the correlational scores between the two sets. And also, internal

consistency, wherein questionnaires must be used only on the same occasion. 

Fifthly is pilot testing the questionnaire, wherein the researchers test the questionnaire

on 20 people. This purpose is to get remarks or suggestions from people to improve the

questionnaires.

Sixth, the researchers revised the questionnaires—their alignment to the research objectives,

additional content from people in pilot testing, and the overall questionnaire themselves.

Finally, the researchers will use the research questionnaires to get data from the

respondents, who in this study are students, teachers as well as school staff in Eusebio High

School. The targeted population was 50 and will be limited to 25 students and 25

teachers/school staffs to be use for evaluation or data gathering.

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APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Bike Lane Barrier Blueprint