Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific

ZZZZZZ
Research
University of Sulaymaniyah
College of Basic Education/Cs Dept.
Stage :Two
Subject: Fundamentals Computer Network

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HomeWork

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Prepared By:
Zhiwar Othman
Supervising:
A.L. Ari Sabir Arif
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2021-2022
What is a port number?

A port number is a way to identify a specific process to which an internet or

other network message is to be forwarded when it arrives at a server. All
network-connected devices come equipped with standardized ports that have
an assigned number. These numbers are reserved for certain protocols and
their associated function. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) messages, for
example, always go to port 80 -- one of the most commonly used ports.
 Advantages of Port numbers

 Communication consistency: In all likelihood, you’ve been using your

business number in all your communication.
beneficial if you are porting your customer support number.
 No need for new collaterals : If you change your number, you’ll have to
inform your customers, business partners, office staff and even
regulatory authorities if it’s your primary number.
 Simple process : Porting a number is a straightforward process that
places the responsibility on the telecom provider.
 Saves you time : Other than all the expenses involved in rebranding your
communication with the new number, you’ll also spend considerable
time informing your business partners, family, and friends.

Examples of Port numbers

Port Number Usage

20 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Data Transfer

21 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Command Control

22 Secure Shell (SSH)

23 Telnet - Remote login service, unencrypted text messages

25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) E-mail Routing

53 Domain Name System (DNS) service

80 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) used in World Wide Web

 Network layers

TCP:

Transmission Control Protocol is an internet protocol suite which breaks up the

message into TCP Segments and reassembling them at the receiving side.

IP:

An Internet Protocol address that is also known as an IP address is a numerical

label. It is assigned to each device that is connected to a computer network
which uses the IP for communication.

HTTP:

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a foundation of the World Wide Web. It is

used for transferring webpages and other such resources from the HTTP server
or web server to the web client or the HTTP client.

SMTP:

SMTP stands for Simple mail transfer protocol. This protocol supports the e-
mail is known as a simple mail transfer protocol. This protocol helps you to
send the data to another e-mail address.

SNMP:

SNMP stands for Simple Network Management Protocol. It is a framework

which is used for managing the devices on the internet by using the TCP/IP
protocol.

DNS:
DNS stands for Domain Name System. An IP address that is used to identify the
connection of a host to the internet uniquely. However, users prefer to use
names instead of addresses for that DNS.

TELNET:

TELNET stands for Terminal Network. It establishes the connection between

the local and remote computer. It established connection in such a manner that
you can simulate your local system at the remote system.

FTP:

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is a mostly used standard protocol for
transmitting the files from one machine to another.

DHCP:

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

UDP:

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a communications protocol that is primarily used

to establish low-latency and loss-tolerating connections between applications on
the internet. UDP speeds up transmissions by enabling the transfer of data before
an agreement is provided by the receiving party.

ICMP:

Stands for "Internet Control Message Protocol." When information is

transferred over the Internet, computer systems send and receive data using the
TCP/IP protocol.

ARP:
Stands for "Address Resolution Protocol." ARP is a protocol used for mapping
an IP address to a computer connected to a local network LAN.

RARP:

RARP is abbreviation of Reverse Address Resolution Protocol which is a

protocol based on computer networking which is employed by a client computer
to request its IP address from a gateway server’s Address Resolution Protocol
table or cache.

FDDI:

FDDI stands for Fiber Distributed Data Interface. It is a set of ANSI and ISO
guidelines for information transmission on fiber-optic lines in Local Area
Network (LAN) that can expand in run upto 200 km (124 miles). The FDDI
convention is based on the token ring protocol.

TFPT:
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple lockstep File Transfer
Protocol which allows a client to get a file from or put a file onto a remote host.