BIOLOGICAL- Hereditary & genetics is an example of EXISTENTIALISM- Views that human person is a self-

factors that influences human behavior. determining being and that man has the capacity to
control things that may restraint or restrict him from such
CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE- States that “Do good because
freedom.
it is right thing to do”.
EXISTENCE- It is the totality of how a person has lived his
HYPOTHETICAL IMPERATIVE- According to Immanuel Kant
life: from birth to death.
stages of doing good & avoiding bad, this states that “Do
good if you want a reward. Do not do bad if you want ESSENCE- These refers to the nature or “what-ness” of a
Punishment”. human person and what makes a person distinct from
-Principle of action which other beings constitutes it.
states that an act ought to be performed if it produces a
EXISTENCE PRECEDES ESSENCE MEANS human beings first
desired result.
come into existence then they determine their own
LAWS OF MAN- A limit to freedom when man is made to essence.
follow rules & not following the rules results in
INTERSUBJECTIVITY- The human person in relation to
misdemeanors or crimes.
others.
LAWS OF GOD- Limit to freedom when a man considers
AUTHENTIC DIALOGUE- Exchange of real “meaning”
what the saying says “What you sow you reap”.
value, and talent between two or more people.
I AND IT RELATIONSHIP- According to Martin Buber, there
SOCIETY- It is a lasting group of members who develop an
are kinds we interact with other people & with this type of
organized pattern of relationship through interactions.
relationship, it shows no real interaction as a person uses
people for their satisfaction or manipulation just like STATE- It is a political society, an association of people who
objects. agree among themselves to surrender their natural rights
to the sovereign government for their common
RELATIONSHIP, CONNECTEDNESS, LINKS, UNITY IN
protection.
DIVERSITY synonyms of inter-subjectivity
GENERAL WILL- Political societies that unites all people for
MANIPULATIONS- This exist when one person says to
2 purposes that is to protect & defend the life & goods of
another “I create your world and you must only think, feel
each member, and the people’s liberty.
& act the world that I have created for you”.
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES- Form of society that relies on
PRETENSIONS- This exist when human being projects false
the cultivation of plants, fruit and vegetables.
image of themselves to other human beings.
NOMADIC SOCIETIES- Form of society also known as Tribal
SELFISHNESS- This exist when the “I only see the self as the
society as characterized by Animal hunting, fishing and
basis of truth & social existence.
plant of fruit gathering.
SENTIMENTS- One element in social system where it
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES- Form of society characterized by
pictures the general feelings about the world & society.
increased cultural diversity and social mobility.
DETERMINISM- View of freedom states that the world is
POST- INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES- Form of society where or
governed by determinism if and only if, given specified
more innovations and inventions were made to lessen
way things are at a time, the way things go thereafter is
human effort & suffering and make life easier.
fixed as a matter of natural law.
TOTALITARIAN SOCIETIES- Type of government that
SELF DETERMINISM- It is an innate capacity of a human
creates a strong political society with absolute power to
person to determine his own decisions and actions and
secure peace in society.
ultimately his own life.
REINCARNATION- Hindu’s view of death where they
believed that this happens to liberate the souls from all
mistakes, desires, inconsistencies and sins.
THE ACT OF SUICIDE- It is the highest immoral act  JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU- He states that “Men
according to Hinduism and that with this act, the soul will are savages with no capability for reason or
be spending a longer time in hell. rational thinking and to be a member of a political
society is to be absolutely bound by the general
BUDDHIST VIEW OF DEATH- Views death believing on the
will.
eightfold path (Right views, Right aspiration, Right
 JOHN LOCKE- Believing in a democratic type of
alertness, Right Action, Right effort, Right vocation, Right
government, He believed that “People are capable
speech and Right Contemplation) that help them Nirvana.
of reason in the state of nature and created a
TEOLEOLOGICAL BEINGS- According to Aristotle, we are government.
this kind of being if we live and commit to a purpose which  KARL MAX- Man is shaped by society.
brings meaning to our life.  KARL JASPER- He states that personal experience
is a human beings fundamental source of truth
STOICS- View death stating that “as soon as we are born,
about reality.
we are destined to die”.
 PLATO- He states that “Reason has the power to
PHILOSOPHERS govern both our appetite and emotion.
 SIGMON FREUD- States that freedom is an illusion
 ARISTOTLE- He stated that the essence of human
& we are not free because choices are
person is rationality. vfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
predetermined by unconscious mind.
- In accepting differences, he states
- Our conscious mind contains
that “The true mark of an educated mind is the
fear, motives, desires, wishes, urges, needs and
ability to entertain a thought without accepting
past experiences that influence human behavior.
it”.
 SOREN KIERKEGAARD- Each individual is
- Man is a social animal and must
responsible for giving meaning to life and living it
satisfy certain natural basic needs in order to
passionately, sincerely, or authentically.
survive.
 ST AUGUSTINE- Man is perfect because he exist.
 B.F SKINNER- He claimed that consequences of
behavior determine the probability that the
behavior will occur again.
 GEORGE PATTON- To value diversity, he states
that “If everyone is thinking alike, then someone
is not thinking”.
 IMMANUEL KANT, VICTOR FRANKL, JEAN PAUL
SARTRE- Philosophers who believe in
existentialism.
 IMMANUEL KANT- He states that “Human have
the capacity to choose what is right”.
 JEAN PAUL SARTRE- He claimed that “It is through
choice that man lives an authentic human life”.
- He believed that human
person’s awareness of his total responsibility
brought about by his freedom. fffffff fffffff fffffff
- According to him life is
nothing in the beginning. Life becomes what we
make of it, how we live it. fffffff fffffff fffffff
- He states that “To act in bad
faith is to allow others to choose for you or for
chance to takes it leads.