Understanding the Spiritual Aspects of Mahabharata Characters

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ àVrH$mË‘H$ ñdê$n
bú‘rZmam¶U YyV
g‘{n©V
^maV H$s AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ g§ñH¥${V
‘| é{M aIZo dmbo ‘hmZw^mdm| H$mo
‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$/àVrH$mË‘H$ ñdê$n
boIH$
bú‘rZmam¶U YyV
àH$meZ df© … 2020

àH$meH$ … boIH$ ñd¶§
gdm©{YH$ma gwa{jV … àH$meH$mYrZ
gånH©$ … àmo. Eb.EZ. YyV

3 lrnwa‘² (amZmS>o H$ånmC§S> E³g.),
AmoëS> nbm{g¶m, BÝXm¡a-452018
‘mo~mBb … 8871420820
’$moZ… 0731-2556144
nÙlr àmo. lr a‘oeMÝÐ emh E‘-4, {Zambm ZJa, ^X^Xm
amoS>, ^monmb (‘.à.)
EH$ àm§g{JH$ nwZnm©R> ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m

¶h nwñVH$ boIH$ H$s {nN>br JrVm-Ho$pÝÐV nwñVH$ H$s hr Vah
{hÝXr nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE Anydm©Zw‘o¶ T>§J go é{MH$a Am¡a {dMmamoÎmoOH$ {gÕ
hmoJr ³¶m|{H$ ¶h ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$mo g‘PZo-g‘PmZo Ho$ EH$ Eogo
Ñ{ï>H$moU go ào[aV h¡ Omo ^maVr¶ dmL²>‘¶ H$s AmYma^yV VÎdÑ{ï> go
gd©Wm g§JV hmoVo hþE ^r brH$ go hQ>H$a Am¡a g‘H$mbrZ {Okmgw nmR>H$m|
H$s ghO~w{Õ H$mo hr Zht--VWmH${WV AmYw{ZH$ OrdZ Am¡a AZw^d H$s
{dH$Q> MwZm¡{V¶m| go ê$~ê$ CZH$s g§e¶J«ñV Am¡a qH$H$Îm©ì¶{d‘y‹T>
‘Z…pñW{V¶m| H$mo ^r gå~mo{YV OmZ n‹S>Vr h¡& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, ¶h ‘hm^maV
H$mo CgHo$ gwà{gÕ M[aÌm| H$mo boH$a O¡gr Omo Hw$N> ^r g‘P h‘mar
g§ñH$ma Ho$ ñVa na Am¡a Omo Hw$N> ^r CZH$mo boH$a Z¶m-nwamZm gmoMm-
{bIm J¶m h¡--CgHo$ H$maU ~Zr h¡--Cgo boH$a AmË‘Vwï> Zht hmoZo XoVr,
~pëH$ {’$a go ‘yb H$mo ‘yb H$s Vah n‹T>Zo Am¡a Cggo Cgr Vah à{VH¥$V
hmoZo H$s Oê$aV H$mo h‘mao ^rVa CH$gmVr h¡ {Og Vah ‘hm^maVH$ma
ì¶mg H$mo A^rï> ahm hmoJm&
Oê$ar Zht {H$ h‘ boIH$ Ûmam àñVwV ha M[aÌ H$s ì¶m»¶m go
gh‘V hmo ht, H$B© OJh ¶h ì¶m»¶m Cgo Xþamê$‹T> Am¡a Ag§VmofOZH$ ^r
bJ gH$Vr h¡--O¡go ¶w{Y{ð>a ¶m ZHw$b-ghXod na, A{YH$m§eV… Vmo ¶hr
N>mn ‘Z na n‹S>Vr h¡ {H$ boIH$ H$mo A^rï> BZ bmoH${dlwV M[aÌm| H$m
àVrH$mË‘H$-AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n hr ~w{Z¶mXr ‘hËd aIVm h¡ … "boIH$
H$m {ZdoXZ' ‘| Bg Ñ{ï> H$m Am¡{MË¶ Xem©Zo Ho$ {b¶o Omo ~mV H$hr JB© h¡,
dh nwamZr hmoVo hþE ^r h‘| ZB© bJVr h¡, Bg{bE {H$ A{Vn[aM¶ Am¡a
Aä¶pñV hr h‘| ¶WmW© H$mo ¶WmW© H$s Vah öX¶§J‘ H$aZo ‘o Am‹S>o Am
OmVo h¢& OrdZ Am¡a ‘mZd ñd^md H$s ¶h ^r EH$ {dS>å~Zm h¡& H$hZm Z
‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n .

i
hmoJm {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s EH$ Iy~r ¶h OmZ n‹S>Vr h¡ {H$ dh h‘| Bg
{dS>å~Zm go C~maZo H$m CnH«$‘ H$aVr h¡ Am¡a Bg‘| H¥$VH$m¶© ^r hþB© h¡&
Bg {gb{gbo ‘| nhbm hr boI ^rî‘ {nVm‘h na AVrd g§VmofàX h¡
Am¡a AmJo H$s gm‘J«r Ho$ ~mao ‘| ^r CgH$s àmg§{JH$Vm Am¡a ZE {gao go
ImoOr JB© AW©dÎmm H$m ^r ¶WoîR> nydm©^mg nmR>H$ H$mo H$am XoVm h¡&
Z Ho$db J§Jm, emÝVZw, ^rî‘ Am¡a AmR> dgwAm| Ho$ àVrH$mW© Bg
nwñVH$ Ho$ nhbo hr I§S> ‘| nmR>H$ H$mo gwIX {dñ‘¶ àXmZ H$aVo hþE Z¶m
AWm}Ý‘of OJmVo h¢, ~pëH$ boIH$ H$m ¶h {dídmg Am¡a VX²ZwHy$b H$m¶©
^r, {H$ ‘hm^maVH$ma H$mo Omo ^r H$hZm Wm, Cgo CgZo gmaê$n ‘| JrVm
‘| aI {X¶m h¡& Mm¢H$mZm boIH$ H$m CÔoí¶ Zht h¡, {H$ÝVw CgH$s ¶h
~w{Z¶mXr YmaUm {Og Vah Ho$ n[aUm‘ Bg nwñVH$ ‘| CnOmVr h¡, ‘mÌ
gh‘{V-Agh‘{V Ho$ Ama-nma CZH$s ‘yë¶dÎmm {Zñg§e¶ h¡& àVrH$mWm]
H$mo Z g‘PZo go hmoZo dmbr hm{Z H$mo boIH$ Zo {Og Vah Xem©¶m h¡, dh
‘hm^maV Ho$ nwamZo Am¡a ZE XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ ì¶m»¶mVmAm| Ho$ {bE
‘ZZr¶ h¡&
AÝV ‘| ¶hr H$hZm ¶m {H$ XþhamZm hmoJm {H$ nmaån[aH$ lÕm Am¡a
AmYw{ZH$ AmJ«hm| go n[aMm{bV ~w{Õ--XmoZm| H$mo gå~mo{YV Am¡a Ý¶yZm{YH$
XmoZm| go ào[aV bú‘rZmam¶U YyV H$s ¶h nwñVH$ g^r Vah Ho$ nmR>H$m| Ho$
{bE Cn¶moJr gm{~V hmoJr& gmW hr, ¶h ‘hm^maV H$mo AmO Ho$ Bg
^y‘§S>br¶ {díd ‘| Z¶o {gao go n‹T>Zo Am¡a Cggo Z¶o T>§J go à{VH¥$V hmoZo
H$s CObr g§^mdZmAm| H$s amh ^r àeñV H$aoJr& Ab‘{V {dñVaoU...&
AñVw
(a‘oeMÝÐ emh)
ii. ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

O‘wZme§H$a R>mHw$a Or-9, ghH$mar n[aga, H$ënZm
gm{hË¶H$ma ZJa, am¶goZ amoS>,
^monmb-462016 (‘.à.)
‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m àVrH$mË‘H$/AmÜ¶mpË‘H$

ñdê$n-EH$ gmW©H$ à¶mg
‘hm^maV H$m ‘hmH$mì¶ {díd gm{hË¶ H$m A{ÛVr¶ J«ÝW h¡& "¶ÝZ
^maVo VÝZ ^maVo' H$s H$hmdV H$m ‘hËd g{X¶m| ~mX ^r ~Zm hþAm h¡&
Bg‘| bJ^J EH$ bmI íbmoH$ h¢& Hw$b eãXm| H$s g§»¶m Vmo H$B© bmI h¡&
Bg Vah ¶h g§gma H$m g~go ~‹S>m J«§W h¡&
Eogo ‘hËdnyU© J«§W Ho$ boIH$ H$m bú¶ Ho$db ‘mÌ {H$gr d§e-
{deof H$m B{Vhmg {bIZm hr Zht hmo gH$Vm& ¶Ú{n BgH$s H$WmE± h‘mao
aJm| ‘| BVZr ~gr hþB© h¡ {H$ BgH$s Eo{Vhm{gH$Vm Ho$ A{V[a³V H$moB© Am¡a
AW© {ZH$mbZo Ho$ à¶mg na àíZ I‹S>m {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
bo{H$Z Bg J«§W Ho$ aM{¶Vm ì¶mgOr Zo Bg‘| Omo AmÜ¶mpË‘H$
ahñ¶ {N>nm aIo h¢, do ghO hr àH$Q> Zht hmoVo& {Og J«§W ‘| "JrVm'
g‘mB© hþB© h¡ Cg‘| AÜ¶mpË‘H$Vm hmoZm hr h¡& B©emdñ¶mon{ZfX² Ho$ 15do
‘§Ì ‘| H$hm J¶m h¡ ""gË¶ H$m ‘wI gmoZo Ho$ nmÌ go T>§H$m hþAm h¡ ¶h gË¶
Ho$ AZwg§YmZH$Vm© Ho$ {bE hr IwbVm h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ {bE na‘mË‘m H$s H¥$nm
Mm{hE&'' "gmoB OmZB Oo{h Xohþ OZmB©'
boIH$ Zo Bg nwñVH$ ‘| ‘hm^maV H$s H$Wm amOm emÝVZw go àmaå^
H$a nm±S>dm| Ho$ {h‘mb¶ na JbZo VH$ g§{jßV ê$n go g‘oQ>r h¡& {Og
nmR>H$ H$mo H$Wm â OmZZm AWdm XmohamZm A^rï> h¡ dh ^r AnZr
g§Vw{îQ> H$a gH$Vm h¡&
Bggo AmJo Omo nmR>H$ ‘hm^maV Ho$ AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ^mdm| H$mo J«hU H$aZo
H$m A{^bmfr h¡, CgH$s V¥{ßV Ho$ {bE Vmo boIH$ H$m ‘yb bú¶ h¡ hr&
hm±, boIH$ Zo {Og nmÌ Ho$ {bE Omo àVrH$ MwZm h¡ Cggo nmR>H$ H$s
‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n iii.
am¶ AbJ hmo gH$Vr h¡& boIH$ H$m ‘yb ^md ¶h h¡ {H$ h‘ Bg {Xem ‘|
^r AnZo qMVZ H$mo ào[aV H$a|& h‘ ¶h ‘mZVo h¢ {H$ {H$gr {df¶ na
ApÝV‘ dm³¶ A^r VH$ {H$gr Zo Zht H$hm&
boIH$ Zo ^rî‘ d H$U© Ho$ OrdZ H$mo ~hþV hr gyú‘Vm go {M{ÌV
{H$¶m h¡& {OZ Ë¶mJ‘¶ ‘hmZ² à{VkmAm| Ho$ H$maU Xodd«V "^rî‘' H$hbmE
VWm CÝht à{VkmAm| go e{º$ nmH$a Xþ¶m}YZ H$s Xþï>Vm {Za§H$w e hmoVr JB© d
AÝVV… ÐmonXr Ho$ Mra-haU H$s KQ>Zm K{Q>V hþB&© ¶hm± ^r ^rî‘ ‘m¡Z YmaU
H$a ~¡R>o aho& BgHo$ nyd© ^r nm±S>dm| H$mo ZîQ> H$aZo Ho$ Omo-Omo fS²>¶Ì§ H$m¡adm|
Ûmam aMo JE CZ‘| go {H$gr H$mo ^r ^rî‘ amoH$ Zht nmE ³¶m|{H$ CÝhm|Zo Am¡a
à{VkmAm| Ho$ gmW amÁ¶ H$s ajm H$s ^r à{Vkm Omo H$a aIr Wr&
am‘H$Wm ‘| Bgr àH$ma H$m EH$ g§{jßV CXmhaU ObÝYa H$s H$Wm
h¡ Ohm± ObÝYa AnZr n{Vd«Vm nËZr d§¥Xm Ho$ Vn go e{º$ nmH$a AË¶mMma
~‹T>mVm Mbm J¶m&
loîR>OZm| H$m AmMaU O~ XþîQ> d AË¶mMm[a¶m| H$m T>mb ~Z OmVm
h¡ Vmo na‘mË‘m H$mo AmJo AmZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
EH$ H$bn gwa Xo{I XþImao& g‘a Ob§Ya gZ g~ hmao&&
g§^w H$sÝh g§J«m‘ Anmam& XZwO ‘hm~b ‘aB Z ‘mam&&
na‘ gVr Agwam{Yn Zmar& Voqh ~b Vm{h Z {OVqh nwamar&&
N>b H$[a Q>maoC Vmgw ~b à^w gwa H$maO H$sÝh&

O~ Voqh OmZoC ‘a‘ V~ lmn H$mon H$[a XrÝh&& am.M.‘m. 1/123
^rî‘ AnZr à{Vkm Ho$ {Zd©hZ Ho$ Ah‘² ‘| OH$‹S>o aho, O~{H$
lrH¥$îU ¶wÕ ‘| ^mJ Z boZo H$s AnZr à{Vkm Vmo‹S>H$a Y‘© H$s ajm hoVw
aW H$m n{h¶m boH$a ^rî‘ H$s Amoa Xm¡‹S> n‹S>o&
^rî‘ H$s Ah‘² go ‘w{³V CZHo$ OrdZ ‘| "CÎmam¶U' AmZo na hr
hþB©& CÎmam¶U H$m Cn¶wº$ AW© boIH$ Zo {dñVma nyd©H$ {X¶m h¡& ea-
e¡æ¶m na n‹S>o ^rî‘ Zo AnZo ApÝV‘ jUm| ‘| Ðm¡nXr Ho$ àíZ H$aZo na ¶h
iv. ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

ñdrH$ma ^r {H$¶m h¡&
H$U© Ho$ ‘aU ‘| ^r lrH¥$îU H$mo XIb XoZm n‹S>m& H$U© Ho$ aW H$m
n{h¶m ’±$g OmZ na {ZhËWo H$U© na AOw©Z Vmo dma H$aZm Zht MmhVm Wm,
na§Vw lrH¥$îU H$s àoaUm Wr {H$ {OgZo AÝ¶m{¶¶m| H$m gmW {X¶m hmo
CgH$mo Bg Xem ‘| ^r ‘maZm AY‘© Zht hmoJm&
EH$ loð> ¶moÕm d A{ÛVr¶ XmZr O¡go Xþb©^ JwUm| go {d^y{fV OrdZ
‘| ^r AOw©Z Ho$ à{V Ûof H$s ^mdZm H$s A{¾ YYH$ ahr Wr& CgH$mo Am¡a
hdm XoVo ahZo Ho$ {bE H$U© O¡gm ì¶{º$ AY{‘©¶m| Ho$ gmW hmo J¶m& ¶h
"Ah‘²' H$s hr Vw{îQ> Wr&
nm±Mm| nm§S>d ^mB¶m| H$mo boIH$ Zo n§MH$moem| H$m àVrH$ ‘mZm h¡&
Hw$N> boIH$m| Zo BÝh| n§M-VËdm| (AmH$me, dm¶w, A{¾, Ob d
n¥Ïdr) H$m àVrH$ ‘mZm h¡&
boIH$ Zo "CÎmam¶U' eãX H$s Vah "{Z¶moJ' eãX H$s ^r AmÜ¶mpË‘H$
n[a^mfm Xr h¡& boIH$ Zo ì¶m»¶m H$s h¡ ¶moJ H$m AW© h¡ OrdmË‘m H$m na‘mË‘m
go {‘bZ AV… {Z¶moJ H$m AW© h¡ OrdmË‘m H$m g§gma Ho$ gmW {bá hmoZm&
boIH$ S>m°. bú‘rZmam¶U YyV Zo nwñVH$ boIZ ‘| gmW©H$ n[al‘
{H$¶m h¡& AZoH$ J«§Wm| H$m gÝX^© CnbãY H$am¶m h¡& AnZo ñdmÜ¶m¶ go
àmßV kmZ Ûmam g‘mO H$mo bm^mpÝdV H$aZo H$s CZH$s A{^bmfm g’$b
hþB© h¡, ‘oar ¶h YmaUm Ñ‹T> hþB© h¡& Amem h¡ gwYr nmR>H$ Bg nwñVH$ go
Adí¶ bm^mpÝdV hm|Jo&
O‘Zme§H$a R>mHw$a
‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n v.

AmB©.S>r. IÌr HIG-5A, JUn{V EÝ³bod
I.A.S. Retd. H$mobma amoS>,
H$m¶©H$m[aUr gXñ¶ ^monmb-462016 (‘.à.)
‘h{f© AJñË¶ d¡{XH$ g§ñWmZ‘², ^monmb
‘hm^maV Ho$ H$WmZH$ H$s ZB© Ñ{ï> go ì¶m»¶m d grI

lr bú‘rZmam¶U YyV H$s ZdrZ nwñVH$ "‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m
àVrH$mË‘H$/AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n' ~‹S>r AX²^wV d kmZdY©H$ nwñVH$ h¡&
Bg‘| ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| d KQ>ZmAm| H$m Omo dU©Z {H$¶m J¶mh¡ dh ~‹S>m
brH$ go hQ> H$a, Vm{H©$H$ d ‘Z-~w{Õ H$mo gÝVw{ï> H$aZo dmbm Vmo h¡ hr
gmW ‘| dh ^maVr¶ naånam, g§ñH¥${V d ‘yë¶m| Ho$ AZwHy$b ^r h¡&
¶hm§ ¶h ñnîQ> H$aZm Amdí¶H$ h¡ lr YyV {dkmZ Ho$ {dÚmWu aho
h¢ d {dkmZ Ho$ hr àmo’o$ga ^r aho& CÝhm|Zo ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ d {dkmZ gå‘V dU©Z H$aZo H$s nyar Moï>m H$s h¡ d AnZo
n[al‘, {MÝVZ d ‘ZZ H$mo ì¶³V H$aZo ‘| nyar ah go g’$b aho h¢& do
‘hm^maV Ho$ H$WmZH$ H$mo g‘PZo H$s ZdrZ Ñ{ï> àXmZ H$aVo h¢&
^rî‘ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m Omo AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ {ddaU nwñVH$ ‘| {X¶m J¶m h¡
dh JrVm d Cn{ZfXm| Ûmam CX²Kmo{fV gË¶m| na AmYm[aV h¡& ^rî‘ H$m
M[aÌ d CgHo$ OrdZ H$s {d{^Þ KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ Vm{H©$H$ AW© H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
Wr& CZH$m OÝ‘, CZH$s à{Vkm H$m H$maU d ‘hËd CZH$m AmMaU, ¶wÕ
‘| CZHo$ Ûmam AnZmB© JB© Zr{V, ~mU eæ¶m na CZH$m ‘¥Ë¶w H$m daU d
CgH$m ‘{hVr H$maU-- BZ g~H$m ghr-ghr CÎma àmßV {H$¶o {~Zm
CZH$mo g‘PZm Agå^d Wm& BZH$m nyam ‘m{‘©H$ g‘mYmZ nwñVH$ ‘| {X¶m
J¶m h¡& ‘hm^maV H$s H$WmAm| H$m ‘yb CÔoí¶, ‘mZd OrdZ H$s H${‘¶m|
H$mo Xÿa H$aVo hþE D±$Mm CR>mZm d CgHo$ gm§gm[aH$ d AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ OrdZ
H$mo eZ¡… eZ¡… {dH${gV H$aZm h¡& ^rî‘ Ho$ M[aÌ {díbofU H$m nwñVH$ ‘|
{X¶o J¶o {ddaU H$mo n‹T>o {~Zm, AmË‘gmV {H$¶o {~Zm, g‘PZm gå^d Zht
ahm h¡&
vi. ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

Bgr Vah AÝ¶ nmÌm| d KQ>ZmAm| H$m {ddaU EH$ ZB© Ñ{ï> H$mo
gm‘Zo àñVwV H$aVm h¡& ¶h ZB© Ñ{ï> H$mën{ZH$ Z hmoH$a JrVm d Cn{ZfXm|
Ûmam à{Vnm{XV kmZ na AmYm[aV h¡& Bg H$maU O¡go-O¡go h‘ nmÌm| H$m
M[aÌ {ddaU n‹T>Vo h¢ d¡go-d¡go h‘ Z¶o Ñ{ï>H$moU H$mo gå‘wI nmVo h¢, Omo
h‘| gwIX AmíM¶© Ho$ YamVb na bo OmVm h¡ d boIH$ Ûmam àñVwV
{ddaU H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$mo {dde H$aVm h¡& hmo gH$Vm h¡ ¶w{Y{ð>a,
ZHw$b, ghXod H$s Cn‘mAm| go Hw$N> nmR>H$ Agå‘V hm|, {H$ÝVw AÝ¶ nmÌm|
¶Wm lrH¥$îU, ÐmonXr, JmÝYmar, Hw$ÝVr, ‘mÐr, Y¥VamîQ´>, H$U© d AÝ¶ H$m
Omo AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ M[aÌ {MÌU {H$¶m J¶m h¡ dh boIH$ Ho$ XrK© gmoM,{MÝVZ,
‘ZZ H$m n{aUm‘ h¡, ¶h ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡&
‘hm^maV Ho$ H$WmZH$ H$mo g^r ^maVr¶m| Zo nyd© ‘| gwZm, n‹T>m ¶m
XÿaXe©Z na XoIm h¡& CgH$s H$Wm H$mo gmYmaU g‘P H$a gÝVmof H$aZm
gwYr-OZ, {dÛmZm| d ‘Zr{f¶m| H$mo H$^r ñdrH$ma Zht Wm& do H$WmAm| Ho$
‘yb H$mo OmZZm MmhVo Wo& nhbo ^r ¶h à¶mg hþAm h¡ {H$ H$WmAm| Ho$ Jy‹T>
AW© H$mo g‘Pm Omdo& H$B© {dÛmZm| d H$WmdmMH$m| Zo Hw$N> gyÌ nH$‹S> H$a
BgH$m à¶mg ^r {H$¶m h¡, {H$ÝVw Omo Ñ{îQ> boIH$ Zo àñVwV H$s h¡ dh
EH$X‘ ZdrZ h¡& gmW hr dh nmR>H$ H$mo ghr ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$mo {dde
H$aVr h¡& Bg ZdrZ Ñ{ï> Ho$ gm‘Zo AmZo Ho$ ~mX ^{dî¶ ‘| H$WmZH$ H$s
ì¶m»¶m H$mo, {dÛmZOZ Am¡a AmJo ~‹T>mE§Jo&
boIH$ Zo Omo n[al‘ {H$¶m h¡ CgHo$ {b¶o do gmYwdmX Ho$ nmÌ h¢&
nwñVH$ H$mo EH$ ~ma n‹T>Zo go gÝVmof Zht hmoVm& Bgo ~ma-~ma n‹T>H$a
‘hm^maV Ho$ ‘yb gma, AW©, gÝXoe d AnZmB© OmZo dmbr {ejm H$mo
g‘PZo H$m ‘Z H$aVm h¡& ¶h nwñVH$ {dbjU h¡ Bgo n‹T>m d g§J«h {H$¶m
OmZm Mm{h¶o d AmZo dmbr nr{‹T>¶m| H$mo g‘Pm¶m OmZm Mm{h¶o&
(AmB©.S>r. IÌr)
‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n vii.

boIH$ H$m {ZdoXZ
nwñVH$ H$s {df¶-dñVw Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
"‘hm^maV' H$mo nm§Mdm§ doX ‘mZm J¶m h¡ Am¡a J«W
§ H$s ^y{‘H$m ‘| Bgo Mmam| doXm|
go ^r A{YH$ J[a‘mdmZ Kmo{fV {H$¶m J¶m h¡ (1.1.272)& F${f¶m| Zo Bgo nwamU Am¡a
B{Vhmg XmoZm| H$hm h¡& (1.1.17,19) {H$ÝVw H$Wm Ho$ bJ^J g^r à‘wI nmÌm| H$s
CËn{Îm X¡{dH$ AWdm nam‘mZdr¶ ~VbmB© JB© h¡ {Oggo B§{JV hmoVm h¡ {H$ H$Wm H$mo
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n àXmZ {H$¶m J¶m h¡& dñVwV… h‘mao àmMrZ d¡{XH$ Am¡a nm¡am{UH$
gm{hË¶ ‘| ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ OrdZ H$mo D±$Mm CR>mZo Ho$ {b¶o, Cgo AmË‘{ZîR>/gd©{ZîR>
~ZmZo Ho$ {bE, H$WmAm| H$m ñdê$n Bgr àH$ma H$m aMm J¶m h¡& Bg hoVw F${f¶m| Zo
H$WmAm| ‘| nmÌm| Am¡a KQ>ZmAm| H$mo B{Vhmg, ^yJmob, IJmob, AW©emñÌ, Am¶w{d©kmZ,
‘Zmo{dkmZ Am{X {d{^ÝZ joÌm| go boH$a CZH$m ê$nmÝVaU Bg Ñ{îQ> go {H$¶m h¡ {H$
H$Wm nmR>H$ H$mo AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ nW na AmJo ~‹T>mZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmo& qH$Vw AmJo ~‹T>Zo go
nyd© h‘mam AÜ¶mË‘ eãX go ³¶m VmË¶© h¡, BgH$m ñnîQ>rH$aU H$a boZm C{MV hmoJm&
AÜ¶mË‘ = A{Y+AmË‘, AmË‘=AnZm VWm CngJ© "A{Y' ^mdmW© XoVm
h¡-"gå~pÝYV', Bg àH$ma "AÜ¶mË‘' H$m AW© hmoVm h¡ "AnZo go gå~pÝYV'& AV…
H$Wm Ho$ AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ hmoZo H$m AW© h¡ BgHo$ nmÌ Am¡a KQ>Zm¶| h‘mao AÝXa Ho$ MoVZm
ñVa (àmU, ‘Z, ~w{Õ, Ah§H$ma, d¥{Îm¶| Am{X) Am¡a CZHo$ {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$mo {Zê${nV
H$aVo h¢& Bg Ñ{îQ> go h‘ H$Wm Ho$ à‘wI nmÌm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$a|J&o
g‘rjm Ho$ àH$me ‘| nmR>H$ H¥$n¶m {df¶-dñVw J«hU H$a|
A{YH$m§e nmR>H$ ‘hm^maV H$s H$Wm go Iy~ n[a{MV h¢-BVZm A{YH$
{H$ {dÛmZ g‘rjH$ nX²‘^yfU S>m°. emh Zo CgHo$ {b¶o "A{V-n[aM¶' eãX H$m
à¶moJ H$aVo hþE H$hm h¡ {H$ ¶h Iy~r hr h‘| ‘hm^maV J«§W Ho$ aMZmH$ma Ho$
‘ÝVì¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo ‘| Am‹S>o Am OmVr h¡& h‘ H$Wm Ho$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ ñdê$n na hr
AQ>H$ OmVo h¢, O~{H$ J«§WH$ma Zo Cgo B{Vhmg-nwamU H$hm h¡ (Am{X nd©, 1-
19)& nwamU H$hH$a CgHo$ {Og AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ gË¶ H$mo B§{JV {H$¶m J¶m Wm Cg
na h‘mar Ñ{îQ> Zht OmVr& àñVwV nwñVH$ ‘| h‘Zo H$Wm ‘| AZwî¶yV Cgr
ñdê$n H$mo g‘PZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m h¡& Amem h¡, nmR>H$ B{Vhmg Ho$ AmdaU
ê$n ^ygr H$mo AbJ H$a Cg‘| d{U©V ‘mZd OrdZ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a AmÜ¶mpË‘H$
njm| go H$Wm h‘| Omo n[a{MV H$am ahr h¡ Cgo hr h‘| J«hU H$a AnZo OrdZ H$mo
CÝZV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{h¶o&
viii. ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

AZwH«$‘{UH$m
nmÌ n¥îR>m§H$
1. ^rî‘ {nVm‘h 1
^rî‘ H$s CËn{Îm H$Wm (n¥îR> 1), J§Jm, emÝVZw, ^rî‘ Am¡a AmR> dgw (2) ^rî‘ H$m
OrdZ M[aÌ (3), ^rî‘ H$mo OrdZ-bú¶ H$s kmZ àm{ßV (5), H$hmZr H$m h‘mao
{b¶o AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ gÝXoe (6), àVrH$mWm] H$mo Z g‘PZo go hmoZo dmbr hm[Z (6),
gmam§e (7)
2. H$m¡ad-nm§S>dm| Ho$ {nV¥nwéf 8
1. d§e d¥j Ho$ Am{X nwéf ì¶mg H$s CËn{Îm H$Wm H$m VÎdmW© (8), 2. ì¶mg H$m
"{Z¶moJ', Y¥Vamî«, nm§Sw> Am¡a {dXþa H$s CËn{Îm H$Wm (9), 3. àH¥${V Ho$ JwUm| H$s
à~bVm/Xþ~©bVm H$m H$Wm ‘| {Zê$nU (10), 4. ~w{Õê$nm àH¥${V Ho$ {ÌJwUr ñdê$n
… JmÝYmar, Hw$ÝVr, ‘mÐr (10), 5. ~w{ÕJV MoVZm Ho$ {ÌJwUr ñdê$n … Y¥VamîQ´>,
nmÊSw>, {dXþa (13)- Y¥VamîQ´>-(14), nm§Sw>-(16), {dXþa (17)
3. Xod nwÌ nm§S>d 18
nyd© H$WmAm| H$m gma H$WZ (18), 1. ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ nm§MH$moe … CZ‘| kmZ D$Om© H$m
ñVa Am¡a ‘mÌm (18), 2. X¡dr-JwUr ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ MoVZm ñVam| H$m {Zê$nU nmÊS>dm| Ho$
ê$n ‘| (19), 3. nm§S>d nmÌm| Ho$ àVrH$mW© H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZo dmbo Hw$N> g§H$o V (20)-
3.1 Amdm{hV XodVm Am¡a CZH$m H«$‘ (21), ¶‘ XodVm go ¶w{Y{îR>a (21), dm¶w
XodVm go ^r‘ (22), BÝÐ Xod go AOw©Z (22), A{ídZr Xodm| go ZHw$b-ghXod
(23)-3.2 e§Im| Ho$ Zm‘ … AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ AW© Ho$ g§Ho$VH$ (24), 3.3 nm§S>dm| H$m
‘aU H«$‘ (26)&
¶w{Y{îR>a … AÝZ‘¶ H$moe pñWV D$Üd©Jm‘r MoVZm H$m {Zê$nU (28), àVrH$mW© Ho$
AZwê$n hr Zm‘ (28), Á¶oîR> hmoZo H$m AW© (28), OyAm àVrH$ h¡ O‹S> àH¥${V Ho$
"g§¶moJ' {Z¶‘ H$m (29), ‘hËdnyU© h¡ OrdZ ‘| bú¶ H$m kmZ hmoZm (30), Y‘m©ê$‹T>
ì¶{º$ Ho$ ghm¶H$ Xod ñd¶§ ~Z OmVo h¢ (31)
^r‘ … àmU‘¶ H$moe H$s MoVZ e{³V (32)
AOw©Z … ‘Zmo‘¶ H$moe ‘| {H«$¶merb MoVZm (34), VrZ j‘Vm¶| - bú¶ Ho$ à{V
EH$mJ«Vm, Ñ‹T> g§H$ën, {dMma ‘§WZ (34)& nm¡éf ê$n AOw©Z Ho$ {hO‹S>m ê$n YmaU
H$aZo H$m VÎdmW© (35)
ZHw$b-ghXod … ‘Zwî¶ H$mo àmß¶ kmZ-{dkmZ H$s e{³V¶m± (37 go 39)
gy¶© nwÌ H$U© … Ah‘ ê$n OrdmË‘m H$m An[an³d ê$n (40), H$U© Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go Hw$N>
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ VÏ¶m| na àH$me (41), H$U© Am¡a ^rî‘ (41 go 43), H$U© Ho$ H$dM
‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n ix.

Am¡a Hw$ÊS>bm| H$m àVrH$mW© (44), H$U© M[aÌ Ûmam h‘| ào{fV gÝXoe (45)&
4. Xm¡nXr Am¡a Xþ^Ðm 46
ew^H$‘m© ‘Zwî¶ H$mo ‘§Jb‘¶r ‘m¶m Am¡a ^{³V H$s ^|Q> (46) Ðm¡nXr-nm§S>dm| Ho$
àVrH$mW© H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVr Hw$N> KQ>ZmE§ … {h‘mb¶ H$s ApÝV‘ ¶mÌm (48), Ðm¡nXr
nmÊS>dm| H$m Xodbm¡{H$H$ gå~ÝY (49), KQ>ZmAm| ‘| ì¶mg Ho$ hñVjon H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$
g§Ho$WmW© (50)
5. g§gma MH«$ H$mo {Zê${nV H$aZo dmbo nmÌ 51
ÐmoUmMm¶© (51), CËH¥$îQ> JwUm| Ho$ ~rM Amg{³V ê$n EH$ H$‘r H$m {MÌU H$aVr Xg
KQ>ZmE§ (52 go 57), gmam§e Am¡a {Xem~moY (58)
‘ÐamO eë¶ … EH$ A{V ñdmWu ì¶{³VËd H$m {MÌU (59 go 64)
6. Hw$N> {ZåZH$mo{Q> Ho$ nmÌ 66
Y¥VamîQ´> Am¡a CgHo$ nwÌ (66), Y¥VamîQ´> Ho$ gm¡ Am¡a EH$ nwÌ-Cn{ZfXr¶ {ddoMZm (69)
eHw${Z - EH$ YyV© Am¡a Kmoa Vm‘{gH$ ì¶{³VËd (71 go 73)
AídËWm‘m - EH$ {ZH¥$îQ>V‘ M[aÌ (74 go 80), CgHo$ gh¶moJr H¥$nmMm¶© Am¡a H¥$V
d‘m© (80), Z¥eg § hË¶mH$m§S> Ho$ dU©Z Ûmam ‘mZdVm H$mo ào{fV gÝXoe (81 go 83)
7. AmË‘ OmJ«V Y‘© g§ñWmnH$ ‘hmnwéf lrH¥$îU 84
B{Vhmg Ho$ ‘hmnwéf, nwamUm| Ho$ AdVma nwéf, AÜ¶mË‘ Ho$ ‘hoída (84),
‘hm^maV ‘| d{U©V Eo{Vhm{gH$ KQ>Zm¶| … àW‘ hñVjon - gË¶ na Amê$‹T> nm§S>dm| H$mo
Y¥VamîQ´> go Im§S>dàñW àXoe H$m ^y^mJ {XbmZm (85), {ÛVr¶ hñVjon (86) … Cg
COm‹S> Xñ¶wJ«ñV joÌ H$mo e{³V gånÝZ gm‘«mÁ¶ ~ZmZo hoVw-1 Im§S>d dZ H$mo
AmV§{H$¶m| Am¡a bwQ>oam| go ‘w³V H$aHo$ Cgo CËnmXH$ joÌ ‘o§ n[ad{V©V {H$¶m J¶m
(86), 2. amOm Oamg§Y Ho$ AmV§H$s emgZ H$m Zme H$admH$a Am¡a CgHo$ nwÌ H$mo
amÁ¶ na ~¡R>mH$a gh¶moJr {‘Ì amÁ¶ ~Zm {X¶m J¶m (86), 3. AÝ¶ amÁ¶m| go g§{Y
AWdm CZ na {dO¶ (87), 4. ~bembr Am¡a Ah§H$mar Mo{X Zaoe H$m Zme (87) Am¡a
5. AÝV ‘| {ZUm©¶H$ ‘hm^maV ¶wÕ ‘| {dO¶ {Xbdm H$a gånyU© ~y^mJ ‘| Y‘©amÁ¶ H$s
ñWmnZm (88), Z¡{VH$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ hZZ H$s VWmH${WV AmbmoMZm (89), lrH¥$îU H$m
nyUV© … {ZñdmW© OrdZ Omo Ho$db Y‘©ñWmnZm H$mo g‘{n©V Wm (90) C³V AmXe© OrdZ
H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n (90)
8. àVrH$mVm‘H$ dU©Z Ûmam KQ>ZmAm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ê$nmÝVaU 91
1. hpñVZmnwa (91), 2. Im§S>d àñW H$s amOYmZr BÝÐàñW (92), 3. Im§S>d dZ
XhZ (93), 4. VjH$ ZmJ àVrH$ h¡ Ah§H$ma H$m (94), 5. Oamg§Y … ì¶{³V H$s
àm{UH$ MoVZm (94 go 97), 5. {eewnmb … Ah‘ Ho$ {dH¥$V hmo OmZo H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m
{Zê$nU (98-101)
x. ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

^rî‘ {nVm‘h
‘hm^maV H$Wm Ho$ nmÌm| Ho$ àVrH$mË‘H$ Ed§ AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n
H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ à¶mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V h‘ gd©àW‘ ^rî‘ {nVm‘h Zm‘ go
à{gÕ nmÌ H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$a|Jo&
^rî‘ H$s CËn{Îm H$Wm
^rî‘ amOm emÝVZw H$s àW‘ nËZr J§Jm Ho$ nwÌ Wo& n{dÌ ZXr J§Jm
‘y{V©‘mZ hmoH$a gwÝXa `m¡dZm Ho$ ê$n ‘| àH$Q> hwB© Wr Am¡a amOm emÝVZw
H$s nËZr hmoZm CgZo Bg eV© na ñdrH$ma {H$`m Wm {H$ CgHo$ {H$gr ^r
H$m`© na amOm H$moB© Amn{Îm Zht H$a|Jo& ^rî‘ {OZH$m ~më`H$mb H$m Zm‘
Xodd«V aIm J`m Wm, emÝVZw-J§Jm Ho$ AmR>d| nwÌ Wo& àW‘ gmV nwÌm| H$mo
J§Jm OÝ‘Vo hr J§Jm ZXr ‘| {dg{O©V H$aVr JB© Wr qH$Vw AmR>d| Ho$ OÝ‘
Ho$ g‘` emÝVZw Zo AÝVV… O~ Amn{Îm br Vmo J§Jm Cg nwÌ H$mo amOm H$mo
gm¢n H$a AnZr eV© AZwgma Mbr JB©&
Xodd«V O~ Hw$‘mamdñWm ‘| Wo Cg g‘` EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© KQ>Zm hwB©&
emÝVZw, Omo J§Jm Ho$ Mbo OmZo go XmånË` n[aË`º$ hmoH$a {damJr-gm
OrdZ Or aho Wo, CÝh| EH$ {XZ AH$ñ‘mV² EH$ Zm{dH$ H$s Aßgam-gr
gw§Xa H$Ý`m, Omo dmVmdaU H$mo ^r EH$ {Xì` J§Y go gwdm{gV H$a ahr Wr,
I‹S>r {XImB© Xr& Cg Abm¡{H$H$ ~mbm, gË`dVr go {ddmh Ho$ {bE BÀNw>H$
hmo do CgHo$ {nVm go {‘bo& {nVm Zo eV© aIr {H$ AmnH$mo amÁ` H$m
CÎmam{YH$mar ‘oar nwÌr go àmá hmoZo dmbo nwÌ H$mo ~ZmZo H$m dMZ XoZm
hmoJm& `h dMZ XoZm amOm Zo ñdrH$ma Zht {H$`m Š`m|{H$ d¡gm H$aZm nwÌ
Xodd«V Ho$ à{V AÝ`m` hmoVm& O~ Xodd«V H$mo `h ~mV kmV hwB© Vmo do
gË`dVr Ho$ {nVm go {‘bo Am¡a CÝh| nyar Vah g¨Vwï> H$aZo hoVw EH$ Ho$ ~mX
EH$, VrZ dMZ {Xò -"1. ‘¢ amÁ` H$m CÎmam{YH$ma J«hU Zht H$ê$±Jm, 2.
AmOrdZ {ddmh hr Zht H$ê$±Jm, Am¡a Bg àH$ma O~ ‘oar H$moB© g¨VmZ hr
Zht hmoJr Vmo ^{dî` ‘| ^r {H$gr àH$ma Ho$ CÎmam{YH$ma gå~ÝYr {ddmX
H$s H$moB© g¨^mdZm Zht hmoJr, 3. BVZm hr Zht, gË`dVr Ho$ Omo nwÌ hmoJ|
‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 1
CZ ‘oao AZwOm| H$s Am¡a CZHo$ emgZ H$s AWm©V² amÁ` H$s ajm hoVw H¥$V-
g¨H$ën ahy±Jm&' Eogr ^rfU à{Vkm H$m Ajae… nmbZ H$aZo Ho$ H$maU hr
do ^rî‘ H$hbmZo bJo&
Cº$ H$Wm Ho$ ahñ` H$s Hw§$Or àXmZ H$aZo hoVw EH$ AÝV©H$Wm ^r
H$hr JB© h¡ {OgH$m gma `h h¡ {H$ J§Jm Ho$ ò AmR> nwÌ AmR> "dgw' Wo Am¡a
BÝh| OÝ‘ XoZo hoVw hr J§Jm Zo eara YmaU {H$`m Wm& Bg n[akmZ Ho$
àH$me ‘| A~ h‘| BZ nmÌm| Ho$ à{VH$mW© H$m AÝdofU H$aZo H$m à`mg
H$aZm hmoJm&
J§Jm, emÝVZw, ^rî‘ Am¡a AmR> dgw … BZHo$ àVrH$mW©
H$Wm Am¡a CgHo$ nmÌm|Ho$ à{VH$mW© na nhw±MZo Ho$ {bE h‘| JrVm ‘|
CgHo$ gyÌ Ty>§T>Zo hmoJ| Š`m|{H$ ‘hm^maV ‘| boIH$ H$mo H$hmZr Ho$ ‘mÜ`‘ go
Omo Hw$N> H$hZm Wm Cgo CgZo gma ê$n ‘| JrVm ‘| aI {X`m h¡ Eogr h‘mar
YmaU ~Zr h¡& JrVm ‘| gånyU© g¥{ï> Ho$ ‘yb ‘| Xmo VÎd-nwéf Am¡a àH¥${V-
~Vmò Jò h¢ (13.19)& àH¥${V h¢ ^m¡{VH$ D$Om© {OgH$m g¨K{ZV ê$n h¡
O‹S> `m Ðì` nXmW©, Am¡a nwéf h¡ gd©ì`mnr MoVZ e{º$ (consciousness)
Omo àH¥${V H$mo {Z`§{ÌV H$aVo hwE, CgH$s ~oVaVr~ ê$n go {H«$`m H$aZo
dmbr ^m¡{VH$ D$Om© H$mo {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ê$nm§V[aV H$aVr hwB© g¥{ï> H$m
g¨MmbZ H$a ahr h¡& nwéf ê$n kmZ e{º$ Ûmam {Z`§{ÌV àH¥${V Ho$ Xmo ê$n
~Vmò Jò h¢- Anam àH¥${V Am¡a nam àH¥${V& BZ XmoZm|H$mo ^JdmZ Zo
"‘oar' H$hm h¡ (7.4,5) Š`m|{H$ ò ^JdmZ Ûmam {Z`§{ÌV h¢& g¥{ï> Ho$
àmaå^ Ho$ jUm| ‘| àH¥${V Am¡a nwéf Ho$ Omo ê$n Wo CÝh| J§Jm Am¡a emÝVZw
Ho$ ê$n ‘| nmÌ ~ZmH$a àñVwV {H$`m J`m h¡& ‘hm{dñ’$moQ> (Big Bang) Ho$
~mX Omo ^m¡{VH$ D$Om© àdmh‘mZ hwB© Cgo J§Jm Ho$ ê$n ‘| {M{ÌV {H$`m J`m
h¡ Am¡a nwéf (MoVZ D$Om©) H$m Omo emÝV (A{H«$¶) ê$n Wm Cgo amOm
emÝVZw Ho$ ê$n ‘| {M{ÌV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& Cg MoVZ gÎmm Zo àH¥${V ‘| {OZ
VÎdm|, g¥{ï> {Z‘m©U ‘| H$maH$ VÎdm|, H$mo CËnÞ {H$`m (7.4,14.3) CÝh|
JrVm ‘| Aï>Ym àH¥${V(n¥Ïdr, Ob, Ap½Z, dm`w, AmH$me VWm ‘Z, ~w{Õ,
Ah§H$ma) Am¡a H$Wm ‘| AmR> dgw H$hm J`m h¡&
2 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘Zwî` ‘| BZ AmR> VÎdm| go nm±M BpÝÐ`m± VWm ‘Z, ~w{Õ, Ah§H$ma
BZ ê$nm| ‘| MoVZ e{º$ H$mo {H«$`merb ~Vm`m J`m h¡& MoVZ gÎmm Ho$ AmR>d|
ê$n-Ah§H$ma H$m n[aM` H$amZo Ho$ {bE Xodd«V (^rî‘) Ho$ ê$n ‘| EH$
Eogm nmÌ I‹S>m {H$`m J`m h¡ {Og‘| Ah§H$ma go nyd© dmbo gmV ñVa AWm©V²
nm±M BpÝÐ`m±, ‘Z VWm ~w{Õ Vmo MoVZ gÎmm Ho$ nyU© {Z`§ÌU ‘| Am MwH$s h¢
AWm©V² A~ CZH$s ñdV§Ì {H«$`merbVm Zht ahr h¡, Bgo H$hmZr ‘| gmV
dgwAm| Ho$ b` hmo OmZo go B§{JV {H$`m J`m h¢, Am¡a A~ "Ah§H$ma' na
{Z`§ÌU hmoZm eof h¡& dñVwV… ^rî‘ Zm‘H$ Bg nmÌ Ho$ ‘mÜ`‘ go ì`{º$
‘| MoVZm Ho$ Bg ñdê$n H$m Am¡a CgHo$ CËWmZ Ho$ ‘mJ© H$m {X½Xe©Z
H$am`m J`m h¡&
^rî‘ H$m OrdZ M[aÌ
h‘ D$na XoI MwHo$ h¢ {H$ ^rî‘ àH¥${V go CËnÞ VÎdm| ‘| AmR>d|
VÎd Ah§H$ma Ho$ ‘yV© ê$n h¢ {OZ‘| nyd© Ho$ gmV VÎdm| H$m e‘Z hmo MwH$m
h¡, CZ na {dO` àmá H$s Om MwH$s h¡& do BpÝÐ`m| H$mo VWm ‘Z Am¡a ~w{Õ
H$mo ^r OrV MwHo$ h¢ ò ~mV CZH$s VrZ à{VkmAm| go {gÕ hmoVr h¡& {nVm
H$m OrdZ gwIr hmo gHo$ Bg hoVw do {~Zm {PPH$ {Og àH$ma amÁ`m{YH$ma
H$mo Ë`mJH$a AmOÝ‘ A{ddm{hV ahZo H$m d«V bo boVo h¢ dh Bgr ~mV H$s
nw{ï> H$aVm h¡& dñVwV… CZH$m OrdZ g¨`‘ Am¡a ~w{ÕJV kmZ go Vmo
n[anyU© h¡, {H$ÝVw "Ah§H$ma' Ho$ ~mXbm| Zo Cg kmZ gy`© H$mo T>§H$ aIm h¡&
`hr H$maU h¡ {H$ hpñVZmnwa amÁ` qghmgZ (amOm) H$s ajm H$aZo Ho$
"n[apñW{V {deof' ‘| H$ho hwE dMZ ‘| do Eogo ~§Y OmVo h¢ {H$ CÝh| Y‘©
Am¡a Ý`m` H$s Anojm AnZo eãXm| H$s ajm H$aZm A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© bJVm
h¡& Ðm¡nXr Ho$ MrahaU Ho$ g‘` Ðm¡nXr Ho$ àíZ H$aZo na ^r do qH$H$V©ì`{d‘yT‹ >
ah OmVo h¢ Am¡a ‘Z go Y‘m©Ë‘m nm§S>dm| H$s {dO` MmhVo hwE ^r `wÕ ‘| do
AY‘u H$m¡adm| H$s gooZm H$m ZoV¥Ëd H$a aho hmoVo h¢&
BÀN>m-‘¥Ë¶w Am¡a CÎmam¶U … AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ àVrH$mW©
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo ^rî‘ M[aÌ Ûmam EH$ Am¡a ‘hÎdnyU© AmÜ`mpË‘H$

g¨Xoe h‘| gy{MV {H$`m h¡& ^rî‘ H$mo BÀN>m ‘¥Ë`w H$m daXmZ Am¡a BgHo$
Ûmam "CÎmamÙ' hmoZo na eara Ë`mJ H$a ‘moj àmá H$aZo H$s Omo H$hmZr
H$hr JB© h¡ dh {ZíM` hr ^m¡{VH$ (IJmobr`) CÎmamÙ gå~ÝYr Z
hmoH$a AmÜ`mpË‘H$ AW© go `wº$ h¡&
^m¡{VH$ AW© Z Ho$db AVm{H©$H$ h¡ daZ² H$Wm ‘| AÝV©{damoY Am¡a
{dg¨J{V n¡Xm H$aVm h¡& H$Wm Ho$ AZwgma `wÕ Ho$ Xgd| {XZ ^rî‘ ~mUm| go
q~YH$a O~ aW go n¥Ïdr na {Ja OmVo h¢ Vmo CZHo$ nyao eara ‘| q~Yo ~mU
‘mZmo CÝh| "eaeæ`m' àXmZ H$aVo àVrV hmoVo h¢, {’$a ^r Cg Xem ‘| ^r
^rî‘ àmU Ë`mJ Zht H$aVo Am¡a 58 {XZ ~mX "CÎmamÙ' hmoZo na hr
eara N>mo‹S>Vo h¢&
Bg H$hmZr H$mo ^m¡{VH$ AW© ‘| boZo go `h JbV ‘mÝ`Vm ~Z JB©
h¡ {H$ gy`© O~ CÎmamÙ ‘| hmoVm h¡ Vmo Cg H$mb ‘| eara Ë`mJZo dmbm
ì`{º$ ‘w{º$ H$mo àmá H$aVm h¢ Am¡a X{jUm`Z ‘| eara N>mo‹S>Zo dmbm
nwZ©OÝ‘ Ho$ ’o$a ‘| n‹S>Vm h¡& `h ‘mÝ`Vm JbV h¡ Am¡a H$‘© {gÕm§V Ho$ ^r
{dnarV h¡& CÎmamÙ H$m empãXH$ AW© h¡ - D$na H$r Amoa ~‹T>Zm AWdm
CÞ{V H$m àdoe Ûma& gy`© H$m CÎma {Xem ‘| PwH$Zm EH$ {deof ^m¡{VH$
KQ>Zm Adí¶ h¡, {H$ÝVw ¶hm± AmÜ`mpË‘H$ gÝX^© ‘| BgH$m AW© hmoJm -
AmÜ`mpË‘H$ CÞ{V àmá hmoZm& ^rî‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| h‘mao g‘j EH$ Eogm
H$mën{ZH$ ì`{º$Ëd àñVwV {H$`m J`m h¡ Omo àH¥${VHo$ gmV ñVam|H$mo nma
H$aHo$ "Ah§H$ma' dmbo AmR>d| ñVa H$mo nma H$aZo hoVw hr {OgZo OÝ‘
{b`m h¡, AV… Cg bú` H$s àm{á hr CgH$m "CÎmamÙ' h¡& {H$ÝVw ^rî‘
H$mo ^r, h‘mao g‘mZ hr, AnZo OrdZ Ho$ CÔoí` Ho$ ~mao ‘| OÝ‘ go kmZ
àmá Zht hþAm Wm& h‘mam OrdZ ^r ~hwYm {~Zm Bg kmZ Ho$ hr ì`VrV
hmoVm h¡& {H$ÝVw `{X OrdZ ñdmW©‘` Z hmo, Vmo B©ída H¥$nm go dh àH$me
EH$ {XZ Adí` {‘bVm h¡& ^rî‘ H$mo {H$g àH$ma dh àH$me {‘bm BgH$m
gwÝXa {MÌU ‘hm^maV ‘| hr EH$ KQ>Zm Ho$ dU©Z Ho$ ‘mÜ`‘ go B§{JV
{H$`m J`m h¡&

^rî‘ H$mo OrdZ-bú¶ H$s kmZ àm{ßV
aU^y{‘ ‘| ^rî‘ Ho$ Yamem`r hmoZo go EH$ {XZ nyd© H$s KQ>Zm h¡&
Xw`m©oYZ Ho$ H$‹S>do dMZm| go AmhV hmoH$a ^rî‘ Zo Cg {XZ AOw©Z na
^rfU ~mU dfm© H$s qH$Vw lrH¥$îU Ho$ aW g¨MmbZ H$m¡eb Ho$ H$maU AOw©Z
H$m ~mb ~m§H$m Z hwAm& V~ ^rî‘ Zo lrH¥$îU H$mo MwZm¡Vr Xr {H$ H¥$îU !
Vw‘ eó Z CR>mZo H$s à{Vkm H$aHo$ {XImdm Vmo `h H$a aho hmo {H$ AOw©Z
AnZr draVm Am¡a Hw$ebVm go b‹S> ahm h¡, O~{H$ dh Vwåhmao H$maU go hr
gwa{jV ~Zm hwAm h¡, {H$ÝVw AmO `m Vmo Vwåh| eó CR>mZm n‹S>oJm AÝ`Wm
AOw©Z gwa{jV Zht ah gHo$Jm& `h H$hH$a ^rî‘ Zo AË`§V ^`§H$a ~mU
dfm© H$s& V~ pñW{V H$s {dH$Q>Vm H$mo XoIVo hwE lrH¥$îU aW go Hy$X H$a
EH$ Qy>Q>o aW Ho$ n{hò H$mo AnZr A§Jwbr go Yw‘mVo hwE ^rî‘ Ho$ g‘j Eogr
‘wÐm ‘| I‹S>o hmo Jò ‘mZm| ñd`§ {dîUw ^JdmZ Zo gwXe©Z MH«$ YmaU H$a
{b`m hmo& V~ ^rî‘ Zo lrH¥$îU Ho$ Cg ñdê$n H$mo àUm‘ {H$`m Am¡a Cg
{XZ Ho$ `wÕ {dam‘ H$s KmofUm H$a Xr JB©&
dñVwV… lrH¥$îU Zo Bg àH$ma ^rî‘ H$mo `h ‘yH$ g¨Xoe ào{fV {H$`m
{H$ "ho ^rî‘ ! ‘wPo XoI Am¡a AnZr pñW{V H$mo XoI& Vy AnZr à{Vkm Ho$
Ah§H$ma ‘| ~§Ym hmoH$a Xwï>m| Am¡a AY{‘©`m| H$s Amoa go b‹S> ahm h¢ O~{H$ ‘¢
Eogo {H$gr Ah§H$ma ‘| ~§Ym Z hmoH$a Y‘©MH«$ àdV©Z ‘| aV hy±& Ah§H$ma go
‘wº$ hmoZo Ho$ {bE hr VwPo OÝ‘ {‘bm {H$ÝVw OrdZ H$m dh CÔoí` VwPo
A^r VH$ àH$m{eV Zht hwAm& A~ Vmo XoI AnZo OrdZ Ho$ Cg CÔoí`
H$mo&'
V~ `wÕ {dam‘ Ho$ ~mX am{Ì H$mo lrH¥$îU `w{Y{ð>a H$mo boH$a ^rî‘
Ho$ So>ao na OmVo h¢& `w{Y{ð>a H$mo {dO`r hmoZo H$m ^rî‘ AmeudmX XoVo h¢ Vmo
lrH¥$îU H$s nyd© {gImdZ AZwgma `w{Y{ð>a H$hVo h¢ {H$ "XmXm ! Amn O~
VH$ H$m¡ad goZm Ho$ goZmn{V ~Zo ah|Jo, `h AmeudmX H¡$go ’$br^yV hmo
gHo$Jm?' V~ ^rî‘ Zo Omo Cnm` ~Vm`m Cg AZwgma AJbo {XZ {eIÊS>r
H$mo AmJo H$aHo$ AOw©Z CgHo$ nrN>o go ~mU MbmVm h¡& ^rî‘ `h KmofUm
H$aVo hwE {H$ {eIÊS>r OÝ‘ go ór Wm, Cg na ~mU Zht MbmVo h¢ Am¡a
AOw©Z ^rî‘ H$mo ~mUm| go ~tY H$aHo$ CÝh| Yamem`r H$a XoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma
^rî‘ H$mo AnZo OrdZ Ho$ CÔoí` Ho$ ~mao ‘| lrH¥$îU Zo O~ OmJ«V H$a
{X`m Vmo ^rî‘ AnZo àmUm|H$mo Ý`moN>mda H$aVo hwE "eaeæ`m' dmbr Cg
AdñWm H$m M`Z H$aHo$ AmË‘ qMVZ ‘| brZ hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a O~ VH$
Ah§H$ma go ‘wº$ hmoH$a AmË‘mZw^y{V Zht àmá H$a boVo V~ VH$ "BÀN>m
‘¥Ë`w' Ho$ daXmZ H$s N>Ì-N>m`m ‘| eara Zht Ë`mJVo& dmñVd ‘| Ah§H$ma
go ‘w{º$ hr ^rî‘ Ho$ {bE "CÎmamÙ' Wm {Ogo àmá H$aZo Ho$ CnamÝV
CÝhm|Zo eara Ë`mJ {H$`m&
H$hmZr H$m h‘mao {bE AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ g§Xoe
`hm± h‘| `h ñnï> AmÜ`mpË‘H$ g¨Xoe {X`m J`m h¡ {H$ h‘ ^r AnZo
AnZo OrdZ Ho$ bú` H$mo nhMmZ| Am¡a Cg Amoa AmJo ~‹T>|& h‘| ^r BÀN>m-
‘¥Ë¶w (AWm©V² Ah§H$ma go ‘w³V hmoZo VH$ nwZ©OÝ‘ boVo hwE, OrdZ YmaU
H$aZo) H$m daXmZ àmá h¡&
àVrH$mWm] H$mo Z g‘PZo go hmoZo dmbr hm{Z
Bg H$Wm go h‘| EH$ Am¡a ‘hÎdnyU© {ejm ^r àmá hmoVr h¡&
àVrH$mË‘H$ H$hmZr H$mo dmñV{dH$ KQ>Zm ‘mZ boZo go h‘mam ‘mZg, emó
dMZm| Ho$ ^r ghr AW© J«hU H$aZo ‘| {H$g àH$ma ^yb H$a OmVm h¡ BgH$m
CXmhaU h‘| "ewŠbo-H¥$îUo JVr' gå~ÝYr JrVm Ho$ íbmoH$m| (8.23 go
26) Ho$ AZoH$ ^mî`m|‘| {‘bVm h¡& BZ ^mî`m| ‘| H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ Ap½Z,
Á`mo{V, {XZ, ewŠbnj, CÎmamÙ ‘| eara Ë`mJZo dmbo ~«÷ H$mo àmá hmoVo
h¢ Am¡a Ywdm±, am{Ì, H¥$îUnj, X{jUm`Z ‘| à¶mU H$aZo dmbo OÝ‘ ‘¥Ë`w
Ho$ MH«$ ‘| Kw‘Vo ahVo h¢& `hm± CÎmamÙ H$m ^m¡{VH$ AW© gy`© H$s pñW{V
dmbm {b`m J`m h¡ {H$ÝVw `h Ag¨JV h¡ Š`m|{H$ EH$ Vmo ‘hm^maV `wÕ
X{jUm`Z H$mb ‘| b‹S>m J`m Wm {OgH$m g‘` ñd`§ lrH¥$îU Zo hr
{ZpíMV {H$`m Wm, Xygao lrH¥$îU AOw©Z H$mo `wÕ go {daV Z hmoZo H$s
àoaUm XoVo hwE Cº$ ~mV H¡$go H$h gH$Vo h¢& gmar J‹S>~‹S> ^rî‘ H$Wm ‘|
Amò "CÎmamÙ' eãX Ho$ ^m¡{VH$ AW© Zo CËnÞ H$s h¡& Cº$ íbmoH$m| Ho$

AmJo-nrN>o dmbo íbmoH$m| g{hV BZ íbmoH$mo ‘| {Og {df` H$s {ddoMZm h¡
CgHo$ AZwgma ^r Am¡a CÎmamÙ Ho$ gmW Ap½Z, Á`mo{V, {XZ, ewŠbnj
Am{X àH$me H$mo {Zê${nV H$aZo dmbo àVrH$m| go AmË‘kmZ àm{á Ho$
H$mbH«$‘ ñVam|H$mo B§{JV {H$`m J`m h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ {dnarV am{Ì Am{X
àVrH$m| go A§YH$ma AWm©V² AkmZ (A~moY) pñW{V H$mo B§{JV {H$`m J`m
h¡& BZ íbmoH$m| H$m VmËn`© ñnï>V… ~moY H$mo OmJ«V H$aZo dmbm kmZ-gh-
H$‘© (= ^{º$) `wº$ OrdZ AnZmZo H$s àoaUm XoZm h¢ {H$ÝVw ^rî‘ H$Wm
Ho$ dmñV{dH$ VmËn`© na Ü`mZ Z XoVo hwE Cgo ^m¡{VH$ KQ>Zm ‘mZ boZo Ho$
H$maU BZ íbmoH$m|H$m AW© {^Þ hmo J`m&
dñVwV… `h à^md Bg {df` go gå~pÝYV Cn{ZfXm| Ho$ ‘ÝÌm|
(d¥hXm. 6.2.15, N>mÝXmo. 4.15.5; 5.10.1 go 2, H$m¡frV{H$. 1.3) Ho$
AW© na ^r Hw$N> ^mî`m| ‘| XoIZo H$mo {‘bVm h¡& dhm± kmZ Am¡a AkmZ Ho$
àVrH$mË‘H$ eãXm| Ho$ ^m¡{VH$ AW© boH$a {ddoMZm`| H$a Xr JB© h¡, O~{H$
‘yb ómoV F$½doX Ho$ ‘ÝÌ (10.88.15) ‘| H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ gånyU© OJV
H$mo J{V XoZo dmbr Xmo hr ‘yb àoaUmE± h¢ - gm§gm[aH$ ({nV¥U‘²) Am¡a
AmÜ`mpË‘H$ (XodZm‘²)& dñVwV… ò àoaUmE± hr AkmZ Am¡a kmZ Ho$ ê$n h¢&
gmam§e
‘hm^maV ‘| ^rî‘ H$mo EH$ Eogo nmÌ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV {H$`m J`m h¡
Omo OrdZ ‘| BpÝÐ`m±, ‘Z, ~w{Õ Ho$ ñVam| na Vmo àH¥${V H$mo nyU©V… AnZo
{Z`§ÌU ‘| bm MwH$m h¡, BZ ñVam| na àH¥${V H$s ‘m¡O go ‘wº$ hmo MwH$m h¡,
Am¡a {Ogo A~ Ah§H$ma ñVa na `h H$m`© H$aZm h¡& Bg CÔoí` H$s ny{V©
hoVw hr Cgo OÝ‘ {‘bm h¡ Am¡a A§VV… O~ `h bú` {gÕ hmoVm h¡ V^r
CgH$s OrdZ `mÌm nyar hmoVr h¡&

H$m¡ad-nm§S>dm| Ho$ {nV¥-nwéf
boI‘mbm Ho$ àW‘ A§H$ ‘| ^rî‘ {nVm‘h H$s CËn{Îm-H$Wm H$s
ì¶m»¶m Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| h‘ H$h MwHo$ h¢ {H$ g¥{îQ> Ho$ àmaå^ Ho$ jUm| ‘|
àH¥${V Am¡a nwéf e{³V¶m| Ho$ Omo ê$n Wo CÝh| H$Wm ‘| J§Jm Am¡a emÝVZw
Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& ‘hm{dñ’$moQ> (Big Bang) Ho$ VwaÝV ~mX
^m¡{VH$ D$Om© ê$n ‘| Omo àH¥${V àdm{hV hþB© Cgo J§Jm Am¡a Cg g‘¶
A{H«$¶ nwéf ê$n MoVZ gÎmm H$mo amOm emÝVZw Ho$ ê$n ‘| {M{ÌV {H$¶m
J¶m h¡& Hw$N> hr H$mb CnamÝV emÝV MoVZ gÎmm (ê$n amOm emÝVZw) ‘|
g¥{îQ> CËn{Îm H$s BÀN>m OmJ«V hþB© Am¡a V~ XmoZm| gÎmmAm| H$m {‘bmn hþAm
VWm g¥{îQ> {Z‘m©U Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ AîQ>Ym àH¥${V ê$n AmR> VÎdm| H$s
CËn{Îm hþB© {OÝh| AmR> dgw Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$Wm ‘| d{U©V {H$¶m J¶m h¡& AmR>d|
VÎd Ah§H$ma H$m n[aM¶ ^rî‘ M[aÌ Ho$ ê$n ‘| h‘ àW‘ A§H$ ‘| n‹T> MwHo$
h¢&
1. d§e d¥j Ho$ Am{X nwéf ì¶mg H$s CËn{Îm H$Wm H$m VÎdmW©
H$mbmÝVa ‘| D$Om© ê$n àH¥${V H$m ê$nmÝVa ñWyb àH¥${V ‘| hþAm,
{Ogo H$Wm ‘| ‘Ëñ¶ H$Ý¶m gË¶dVr H$hm J¶m h¡& gË¶dVr H$s CËn{Îm
amOm dgw Ho$ dr¶© go ‘Ëñ¶ H$Ý¶m Ho$ ê$n ‘| ~VmB© JB© h¡& ‘Ëñ¶ eãX H$m
EH$ AW© àU¶moÝ‘mX go ¶w³V hmoZm h¡ (‘Ëñ¶=‘X+ñ¶Z²), AV… ‘Ëñ¶
gyú‘ àH¥${V H$m g¥{îQ> {Z‘m©U Ho$ {bE VËna hþAm ê$n h¡& dgwAm| ‘| àW‘
dgw H$mo "Amn…' H$hm J¶m h¡ Am¡a d¡{XH$ H$moe {ZKÊQw> Ho$ AZwgma "Amn…'
Eogm CXH$ (CËWmZ H$aZo dmbm) VÎd h¡ {Oggo ¶h gånyU© g¥{îQ> CËnÝZ
hþB© h¡& ‘Ëñ¶ ê$n àH¥${V Am¡a Bg àW‘ dgw (Amn…) go gË¶dVr Ho$
OÝ‘ H$s ¶h H$Wm ~VbmVr h¡ {H$ gË¶dVr Ho$ ê$n ‘| D$Om© ê$n àH¥${V
H$m A~ ¶h Xÿgam n[ad{V©V ñdê$n h¡& gË¶dVr Zm‘ go ñWyb àH¥${V H$m
~moY hmoVm h¡ ³¶m|{H$ àmMrZ Am¡n{Zf{XH$ gm{hË¶ ‘| ñWyb ¶m àH$Q> H$mo
"gË¶' H$hm J¶m h¡ (Ñï>ì¶… {VbH$ H$m "JrVm ahñ¶' n¥îR> 224-qàQ> gZ²
1991)& ñWyb àH¥${V (gË¶dVr) Am¡a D${O©V hþB© MoVZ e{º$ (namea)

H$m g§¶moJ hmoZo na OrdZ H$m àmXþ^m©d hþAm h¡& Bg VÏ¶ H$mo hr "ì¶mg'
H$s CËn{Îm Ho$ ê$n ‘| d{U©V {H$¶m J¶m h¡& "namea' H$m eãXmW© ^r Bgr
Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡& namea=nam+ea, nam=na‘ nwéf, ea=~mU;
AV… namea= ~mU Ho$ g‘mZ {Z{X©îQ> {Xem ‘|, àH¥${V ‘| {Z¶§{ÌV H$aHo$
{dH$mg H$s {Xem ‘|, J{V XoZo dmbr g‘{îQ> MoVZm&
2. ì¶mg H$m "{Z¶moJ' … Y¥VamîQ´>, nm§Sw> Am¡a {dXþa H$s CËn{Îm H$Wm
Vrgao ê$nmÝVaU ‘| àH¥${V ‘mZ{gH$ ñdê$n J«hU H$a {ÌJwUmË‘H$
hmo JB© h¡ {OgH$r Mma AdñWmAm| H$mo Aå~m, Apå~H$m, Aå~m{bH$m VWm
EH$ Xmgr, BZ Mmam| nmÌm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& Aå~m H$s O¡gr
OrdZ JmWm d{U©V H$s JB© h¡ Cggo àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ {H$ dh Kmoa Vm‘{gH$
h¡ Omo g§¶moJde {‘br n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo ñdrH$ma Z H$aVo hþE {ddmh Ho$
{bE ^Q>H$Vr ahVr h¡ Am¡a ^rî‘ H$mo Xmofr ‘mZH$a CZgo ~Xbm boZo Ho$
{bE naewam‘ H$s eaU ‘| ^r OmVr h¡, Vnñ¶m ^r H$aVr h¡ Vmo Bgr hoVw
go VWm Cg Vnñ¶m Ho$ ’$b ñdê$n Xÿgao OÝ‘ ‘| {eIÊS>r ~ZH$a ^rî‘
H$s ‘¥Ë¶w H$m gmYZ ~ZH$a hr g§VwîQ> Vmo hmo OmVr h¡, qH$Vw Xmo OÝ‘
{ZaW©H$ J§dm XoVr h¡& Apå~H$m Am¡a Aå~m{bH$m H«$‘e… Vm‘{gH$ Am¡a
amO{gH$ ñdê$n h¢ {OZgo ì¶mg Ho$ "{Z¶moJ' Ûmam H«$‘e… Vm‘{gH$ d¥{Îm
dmbo (‘moh go) A§Yo Y¥VamîQ´> H$m, Am¡a amO{gH$ d¥{Îm Ho$ nm§Sw> H$m OÝ‘
hmoVm h¡& Bgr àH$ma gmpËdH$ d¥{Îm dmbr Xmgr go gmYw nwéf {dXþa H$m
OÝ‘ hmoVm h¡&
"{Z¶moJ' eãX EH$ {deof g§Ho$V XoZo hoVw MwZm J¶m h¡& gm‘mÝ¶V…
g‘Pm OmZo dmbm na-ñÌr H$mo g§VmZ àXmZ H$aZo hoVw g§^moJ dmbm AW©
¶hm± Zht h¡& ¶moJ H$m AW© h¡ OrdmË‘m H$m na‘mË‘m go {‘bZ& AV…
{Z¶moJ H$m AW© h¡ MoVZm H$m g§gma Ho$ gmW {bßV hmoZm& Cn{ZfXm| ‘|
{Ogo AkmZ, A{dÚm Am¡a ~mX ‘| ‘m¶m H$hm J¶m h¡, Cgo hr H$Wm ‘|
{Z¶moJ H$hm J¶m h¡& {Z¶moJ H$m ¶h AW© Bg dU©Z Ho$ AZwê$n h¡ {H$ ‘mVm
gË¶dVr, Omo {H$ àH¥${V H$s ñWyb AdñWm H$mo {Zê${nV H$aVr h¡, AnZo
nwÌ ì¶mg H$mo {Z¶moJ H$m AmXoe XoVr h¡& Eogm Bg{bE {H$ àH¥${V na‘oída
H$s ghMar ~Z MwH$s h¡ Am¡a dh na‘oída H$s g‘J« {dH$mg H$s BÀN>m Ho$
XmoZm| Am¶m‘--{dñVma Am¡a CÀM {dH$mg--H$mo gånÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE
VËna ahVr h¡&
3. àH¥${V Ho$ JwUm| H$s à~bVm/Xþ~©bVm H$m H$Wm ‘| {ZénU
àH¥${V O~ {ÌJwUmË‘H$ ~ZVr h¡ Vmo àmaå^ ‘| V‘g à~b hmoVm h¡,
aOg Xþ~©b Am¡a gËd e{³V--eyÝ¶& ì¶mg Ho$ {Z¶moJO nwÌm|--Y¥VamîQ´>,
nmÊSw> Am¡a {dXþa Ho$ ì¶{º$Ëdm| ‘| dr¶© AWm©V² g{H«$¶Vm H$m AmoO Bgr H«$‘
‘| n[ab{jV hmo ahm h¡& Y¥VamîQ´> Am¡a CgHo$ nwÌ H$m’$s g‘¶ VH$ Xod nwÌ
nm§S>dm| H$s gÎmm h{W¶mZo Am¡a CÝh| {Zdm©{gV OrdZ OrZo Ho$ {bE ~mÜ¶
H$aZo ‘| V~ VH$ g’$b ahVo h¢, O~ VH$ {H$ nm§S>dm| H$mo ^JdmZ lrH¥$îU
H$m ghmam Zht {‘b OmVm&
Bgr àH$ma H$Wm ‘| ¶h ^r B§{JV {H$¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ ~bhrZ
gmpËdH$Vm H$mo ~bdmZ V‘g Ho$ XmgËd ‘| ahZm n‹S>Vm h¡& Bg ~mV H$mo
{dXþa Am¡a CgH$s ‘mVm Ho$ XmgËd OrdZ go Xem©¶m J¶m h¡& XmoZm| hr
Vm‘{gH$ e{º$¶m| Ho$ Xmg h¢--{dXþa Y¥VamîQ´> H$s Vm{‘gH$ gÎmm ‘| ‘§Ìr
ah H$a ^r Xmg O¡gm OrdZ OrZo H$mo ~mÜ¶ h¢ Am¡a CZH$s ‘m± ^r Vm‘{gH$
àH¥${V ê$nm amZr A§{~H$m H$s Xmgr h¡& Xÿgar Amoa, amOg JwUr qH$Vw Xþ~©b
nm§Sw> go ¶{X nwÌ hmoVo Vmo do Xþ¶m}YZ Am{X à~b V‘g e{³V¶m| go H$^r
{dO¶ àmßV Zht H$a nmVo& O~{H$ VÏ¶ ¶h h¡ {H$ OrdZ H$m D$Üd©
{dH$mg H$^r hmaVm Zht h¡& Cgo na‘oída H$s Xod e{º$¶m| H$m ~b Adí¶
{‘bVm h¡& Bgo {M{ÌV H$aZo Ho$ {bE nm§S>dm| H$mo Xod e{³V¶m| go CËnÝZ
~Vm¶m J¶m h¡& Bg dU©Z H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ AW© BVZm hr h¡ {H$ BZ nm§Sw>
nwÌm| ‘| {^ÝZ gmpËdH$ JwUm| H$s Omo gm‘Ï¶© h¡ dh Xþ~©b nm§Sw> H$s Z hmoH$a
CZ Xodm| H$s h¡ {OZH$m AmdmhZ nm§Sw> Ho$ H$hZo na Hw§$Vr Zo Am¡a {’$a ‘mÐr
Zo {H$¶m Wm&
4. ~w{Õ ê$nm àH¥${V Ho$ {ÌJwUr ñdê$n … JmÝYmar, Hw§$Vr, ‘mÐr
Mm¡Wo MaU ‘| àH¥${V ~w{Õ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dH${gV hþB© h¡, {OgHo$

{ÌJwUmË‘H$ ê$nm| H$mo H$Wm ‘| JmÝYmar, Hw§$Vr Am¡a ‘mÐr go {Zê${nV {H$¶m
J¶m h¡& h‘mar Bg ‘mÝ¶Vm Ho$ VrZ ‘w»¶ AmYma h¢ - 1. nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌ
dU©Z ({OgH$s {ddoMZm AmJo Xr Om ahr h¡& 2. BZHo$ nwÌm| Ho$ M[aÌ
({OgH$s {dñV¥V {ddoMZm h‘ AmJm‘r A§H$m| ‘| H$a|Jo), Am¡a 3. ‘hm^maV
J«§W Ho$ àdmMH$ ñd¶§ d¡eånm¶Z ‘w{Z Ûmam BZ VrZm| nmÌm| H$mo H«$‘e… ‘{V,
{g{Õ Am¡a Y¥{V Xo{d¶m| Ho$ AdVma H$hZm (1.67.160)& ¶o VrZm| ñÌr
nmÌ H«$‘e… V‘, aO Am¡a gV ~w{Õ Ho$ ‘yV© ê$n h¢& JmÝYmar Y¥VamîQ´> H$s
nËZr hmoH$a Kmoa Vm‘{gH$ Xþ¶m}YZ, Xþ…emgZ Am{X XþîQ> H$m¡adm| H$mo OÝ‘
XoVr h¡, Hw$ÝVr Am¡a ‘mÐr nm§S>w H$s n{ËZ¶m± ~ZVr h¢ Am¡a nm§S>w Ho$ AmXoe go
XodVmAm| H$m AmdmhZ H$aHo$ amO{gH$ Ed§ gmpËdH$ nwÌm| H$s ‘mVm ~ZVr h¢&
JmÝYmar àH$Q> ‘| Vmo gmpËdH$ OmZ n‹S>Vr h¡ ³¶m|{H$ dh ~hþYm
Ý¶m¶nyU© dmUr ~mobVr h¡, VWm{n dh nwÌ Ho$ à{V ‘moh go AË¶{YH$ J«ñV
h¡& ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Bgr Xmohao M[aÌ H$mo àH$Q> H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o CÝh| ZoÌm|
na nÅ>r ~m§Y H$a n{V Y¥VamîQ´> H$m A§YmZwH$aU H$aZo dmbr ~Vbm¶m h¡&
Bg ‘mohmÝYVm Ho$ à‘mU CZHo$ M[aÌ ‘| Hw$N> KQ>ZmAm| ‘| ñnîQ> {XIVo h¢&
nhbr KQ>Zm J^©YmaU H$mb H$s h¡& JmÝYmar Bg ~mV go àgÝZ Wr {H$
CgZo Hw$ÝVr go nhbo J^©YmaU {H$¶m h¡ Am¡a CgH$m nwÌ amOHw$‘mam| ‘|
Á¶oîR> ahH$a amÁ¶ H$m CÎmam{YH$mar ahoJm& {H$ÝVw O~ Cgo Hw$ÝVr H$mo
nhbo nwÌ hmo OmZo H$s gyMZm {‘br Vmo Xþ…I go {d‘y‹T> hmo CgZo CXañW
J^© na MmoQ> H$aHo$ ZîQ> H$a S>mbZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m& n[aUm‘ ñdê$n EH$
A{dH${gV ‘m§g{nÊS> H$m àgd hþAm& H$WmZwgma ì¶mg Zo Cg {nÊS> H$mo
EH$ gm¡ EH$ Qw>H$‹S>m| ‘| ~m§Q>H$a K‹S>m| ‘| CZH$m n[anmofU {H$¶m {OZgo Hw$N>
g‘¶ ~mX Xþ¶m}YZ Am{X gm¡ nwÌ Am¡a EH$ nwÌr H$m OÝ‘ hþAm& Y¥VamîQ´>-
JmÝYmar H$s 101 gÝVmZm| Ho$ OÝ‘ H$s ¶h JmWm Cn{ZfXm|, (H$R>. 2.3.16, N>mÝX
8.6.6, àíZ 6, ~¥hXm. 4.2.3) Ho$ Cg à{gÕ ‘§Ì H$m àVrH$mË‘H$ {MÌU
h¡, {Og‘| H$hm J¶m h¡ - "eV§ M EH$m öX¶ñW ZmL>¶…...' AWm©V² {MÎm
H$s EH$ gm¡ EH$ (EH$ gm¡=AZoH$), d¥{Îm¶m± h¢ {OZ‘| go EH$ na‘oída H$s
Amoa D$Üd©Jm‘r Ed§ eof g§gma H$s Amoa AYmoJm‘r h¡& H${WV 101 g§VmZm|

‘| ^r EH$ {dH$U© Ho$ {gdm¶ AÝ¶ g^r XþîQ> Am¡a nmnr Wo, Ho$db {dH$U©
H$mo Y‘© H$m kmZ Wm--OwE Ho$ ~mX O~ H$m¡adm| H$s amÁ¶ g^m ‘| Ðm¡nXr H$mo
An‘m{ZV {H$¶m Om ahm Wm, dh hr AHo$bm {ZS>a ¶wdm Wm {OgZo Ðm¡nXr Ho$
àíZm| H$mo Y‘m©ZHw $y b Kmo{fV {H$¶m Wm, O~{H$ ^rî‘, ÐmoU, Y¥VamîQ´> O¡go
~wOJw © MwnMmn ~¡R>o aho (Ðï>ì¶… -‘hm^maV, g^m nd©, A. 681)& am‘H$Wm ‘| ^r
amdU H$m EH$ nwÌ àhñV Y¥VamîQ´> Ho$ nwÌ {dH$U© Ho$ ñd^md H$m d{U©V {H$¶m
J¶m h¡& (ÐîQ>ì¶…-‘mZg Xmohm H«$. 6 go 8 VH$)
JmÝYmar H$s nwÌm| Ho$ à{V ‘mohmÝY Ñ{îQ> Ho$ Am¡a H$B© CXmhaU h¢&
nwÌ Xþ¶m}YZ, Xþ…emgZ Am¡a ^mB© eHw${Z H$mo CgZo nm§S>dm| Ho$ {déÕ fS²>¶§Ì
aMZo Ho$ {déÕ CÝh| Z Vmo g‘PmZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m Am¡a Z eHw${Z H$mo
AnZo JmÝYma Xoe Mbo OmZo H$m {ZX}e {X¶m& Am¡a O~ ¶wÕ ‘| g^r nwÌ
‘ma S>mbo J¶o Vmo CgZo BgH$m gmam Xmof lrH¥$îU Ho$ ‘ËWo Bg{bE ‘‹T> H$a
CÝh| emn {X¶m {H$ CÝhm|Zo ¶wÕ go {daV hmoVo AOw©Z H$mo JrVm H$m kmZ
{X¶m Wm Omo CgHo$ nwÌm| Ho$ {dZme H$m H$maU ~Zm&
Hw§$Vr H$mo CÀM amOg JwUm| go gånÝZ ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡& nwÌm| Ho$ à{V
‘moh Hw§$Vr H$mo ^r h¡, {H$ÝVw dh Vm‘{gH$ Zht h¡& dh Y¡¶©nyd©H$ Xþ…Im| H$mo
PobVo hþE B©ída nam¶U hmo nwÌm| H$m nmbZ H$aVr hþB© V~ VH$ CZH$mo gmW
{bE dZ Am¡a Jm±dm| ‘| ^Q>H$Vr ahVr h¡ O~ VH$ do amÁ¶ H$m {hñgm àmßV
Zht H$a boVo& qH$Vw O~ ¶w{Y{îR>a ÚyV H«$s‹S>m ‘| amÁ¶ hmaH$a ^mB¶m| Am¡a
Ðm¡nXr Ho$ gmW dZdmg J«hU H$aVo h¢ Vmo Hw§$Vr hpñVZmnwa ‘| hr ahVr h¢&
BgHo$ nyd© H$s EH$ KQ>Zm CZHo$ {demb öX¶ H$m EH$ AX²^wV CXmhaU
àñVwV H$aVr h¡& bmjmJ«h Ho$ A{¾H$m§S> go ~M {ZH$bZo Ho$ ~mX dh nwÌm|
Ho$ gmW EH$MH«$ ZJa ‘| EH$ {ZY©Z ~«m÷U Ho$ Ka Ho$ EH$ ^mJ ‘| ah ahr
Wr& EH$ {XZ Hw§$Vr H$mo nVm bJm {H$ Cg Jar~ ~«m÷U n[adma ‘| go {H$gr
EH$ ì¶{³V H$m Cg ZJa Ho$ amjg emgH$ ~H$mgwa H$m Amhma ~ZZo H$m
H«$‘ Am J¶m Wm {Oggo ~ÀMm| g{hV n{V-nËZr ~hþV Xþ…Ir Wo& Xþ…I H$m
H$maU kmV hmoZo na Hw$ÝVr Zo CZHo$ ñWmZ na nwÌ ^r‘ H$mo Bg{b¶o ôO
{X¶m {H$ ¶m Vmo ^r‘ Cg amjg H$mo ‘ma hr S>mboJm Am¡a ¶{X Eogm Z ^r

hmo gH$m Vmo ^r Cg n[adma H$mo ~MmZo Ho$ {bE AnZo nm±M ‘| go EH$ nwÌ
H$m ~{bXmZ H$aZm CgH$m Y‘© hmoJm&
‘mÐr Ho$ ~mao ‘| A{YH$ {ddaU Vmo CnbãY Zht h¡, qH$Vw dh KQ>Zm
d{U©V h¡ {Og‘| do n{V (nmÊSw>) H$s ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ {bE AnZo emar[aH$ gm¡ÝX¶©
H$mo CÎmaXm¶r ‘mZVo hþE CÝhm|Zo gVr hmoZo H$m {ZíM¶ {H$¶m Am¡a AnZo
~mb-nwÌm| H$m ^r ‘moh Z H$aVo hþE CÝh| Hw$ÝVr H$mo gm¢n H$a {MVm ‘| ^ñ‘
hmo JBª& ¶h KQ>Zm CZH$s gmpËdH$ ‘mZ{gH$ pñW{V H$s ÚmoVH$ h¡&
BZ ñÌr nmÌm| H$s Mm[a{ÌH$ {deofVmAm| H$s {ddoMZm Ho$ A{V[a³V
J«ÝW Ho$ H$WmH$ma d¡eånm¶Z ‘w{Z H$s BZHo$ ~mao ‘| {Q>ßnUr H$m h‘Zo
CëboI {H$¶m Wm, Cg na ^r {dMma H$aZo go BZ nmÌm| Ho$ {ÌJwUr pñW{V
Ho$ ~mao ‘| h‘mar Cnamo³V YmaUm H$s hr nw{îQ> hmoVr h¡& ‘w{Z Zo JmÝYmar,
Hw$ÝVr Am¡a ‘mÐr H$mo H«$‘e… ‘{V, {g{Õ Am¡a Y¥{V Xo{d¶m| H$m AdVma
H$hm h¡ (1.67.60)& BZ eãXm| Ho$ AW© na {dMma H$a| Vmo kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$
‘Z Am¡a H$m‘Zm go Ow‹S>r ~w{Õ H$mo "‘{V' H$hm OmVm h¡& AV… JmÝYmar H$mo
‘w{Z Zo ^r {ZåZ amO{gH$/Vm‘{gH$ ~w{Õ H$m {Zê$nU ‘mZm h¡& ‘w{Z Zo
Hw$ÝVr H$mo {g{Õ H$hm h¡ Am¡a {g{Õ H$m AW© h¡ ào¶ AWm©V² ^m¡{VH$ g‘¥{Õ
H$s C{MV gmYZm| go àm{ßV& Bgo hr amO{gH$ ~w{Õ H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡&
A~ ‘mÐr H$mo Omo Y¥{V H$hm J¶m h¡ Cgo g‘P|& ‘Zw Zo Y¥{V H$mo Y‘© Ho$ Xg
bjUm| ‘| go EH$ {JZm¶m h¡ Am¡a BgH$m AW© h¡ pñWa-{MÎmVm, àem§VVm,
em§V-{MÎm hmoZm& ‘mÐr Ho$ ~mao ‘| Omo Wmo‹S>m gm Cnamo³V M[aÌ h‘mao
gm‘Zo h¡, ¶o JwU CgHo$ AZwê$n h¢&
5. ~w{ÕJV MoVZm Ho$ {ÌJwUr ñdê$n--Y¥VamîQ´>, nm§Sw>, {dXþa
D$na AZwÀN>oX-2 ‘| H$hm Om MwH$m h¡ {H$ ì¶mg g‘{îQ> MoVZm H$m
OrdZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñ’w${Q>V hmoZo dmbm ñdê$n h¡& Bg ì¶mg MoVZm Am¡a
{ÌJwUmË‘H$ hþB© àH¥${V go ¶o VrZm| "{Z¶moJO' nwÌ H«$‘e… V‘g, aOg
Am¡a gVmoJwUr ~w{Õ H$mo {Zé{nV H$aVo h¡& O¡gm {H$ AZwÀN>oX-3 ‘| H$hm
J¶m h¡, BZ nmÌm| ‘| JwUm| H$m {dH$mg Vmo H«$‘e… {ZåZ go CÀM H$s Amoa
hþAm h¡, qH$Vw àH¥${V H$r {H«$¶mË‘H$ e{º$, Bg MaU ‘|, Bgr H«$‘ ‘|
KQ>Vr hþB© {XImB© JB© h¡& ¶o XmoZm| ~mV| BZ nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌ {MÌU ‘| {XImB©
XoVr h¢&
Y¥VamîQ´>
Bg nmÌ H$mo OÝ‘m§Y ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡ {OgH$m g§Ho$V h¡ {H$ ¶hm± ~w{Õ
BVZr g§Hw${MV h¡ {H$ AnZo ñdmW© go nao OmH$a Cgo Hw$N> {XImB© Zht XoVm
AWdm dh XoIZm Zht MmhVr& ^rî‘, {dXþa Am¡a AÝ¶ H$B© ‘hmË‘mAm| H$s
gbmh go Y¥VamîQ´> Y‘m©MaU H$s Amoa ‘w‹S>Zo H$m à¶mg Vmo H$aVm h¡, {H$ÝVw
pñWa dh AnZr Vm‘{gH$Vm na hr hmoVm h¡& Á¶oîR> nwÌ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU dh
amÁ¶ H$m CÎmam{YH$mar Wm, {H$ÝVw ^rî‘ Zo CgH$s A¶mo½¶Vm ({Ogo
H$hmZr ‘| A§YËd H$hm h¡) Ho$ H$maU amÁ¶ qghmgZ na nmÊSw> H$mo ~¡R>m¶m&
¶h ~mV Y¥VamîQ´> Ho$ ‘Z H$mo H$MmoQ>Vr ahr, qH$Vw dh ~o~g Wm& g§¶moJde
^m½¶ Zo nbQ>m Im¶m Am¡a Hw$N> g‘¶ ~mX nmÊSw>, {OZH$s amOH$mO ‘|
g§^dV… é{M Zht Wr, n{ËZ¶m| g{hV Y‘© bm^ hoVw dZm§Mb ‘| {H$gr
Aml‘ ‘| Mbo J¶o Vmo amÁ¶ H$s ~mJS>moa Y¥VamîQ´> H$mo H$m¶©H$mar amOm Ho$
ê$n ‘| gm¢nr JB©& nm§Sw> H$s Agm‘{¶H$ ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ ~mX ‘mÐr Vmo gVr hmo JB©
Am¡a Hw$ÝVr nm±Mm| nwÌm| Ho$ gmW hpñVZmnwa bm¡Q>r Vmo Y¥VamîQ´> H$mo AnZo nwÌ
H$mo boH$a ¶h qMVm gVmZo bJr {H$ Eogm Z hmo {H$ nm§Sw> Ho$ nwÌ ¶w{Y{îR>a,
Omo {H$ Hw$é n[adma Ho$ g^r amOHw$‘mam| ‘| Á¶oîR> Wm, H$mo ^{dî¶ ‘|
CÎmam{YH$mar ~Zm {X¶m Om¶, AV… CgZo {~Zm ^rî‘ Am{X H$s gh‘{V
{b¶o, Xþ¶m}YZ H$mo ¶wdamO Kmo{fV H$a {X¶m& BVZo go dh AmídñV Zht
hþAm, ³¶m|{H$ nm§Mm| nm§Sw>-nwÌ AnZo gX²JwUm| Ho$ H$maU bmoH${à¶ hmoVo Om
aho Wo AV… CÝh| amñVo go hQ>m XoZo Ho$ {b¶o dh AnZo nwÌm| H$mo JwnMwn
àmoËgm{hV H$aZo bJm ¶Ú{n dh Bg ~mV H$mo AË¶ÝV JwßV aIVm Wm&
gd©àW‘ ~bdmZ ^r‘ H$mo ~m±Y H$a ZXr ‘| Sw>~mZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m J¶m
Am¡a Bg‘| g’$b Z hmoZo na nyao nm§Sw> n[adma H$mo g‘mßV H$aZo H$s
Xþ¶m}YZ, Xþ…emgZ, ‘m‘m eHw${Z Am¡a H$U© H$s MÊS>mb Mm¡H$‹S>r Zo EH$
^¶§H$a fS²>¶§Ì aMm& dmaUmdV ZJar ‘| hmoZo dmbo, AmOH$b Ho$ qghñW
g‘mZ, ‘obo ‘| Cg ~ma amO n[adma H$s Amoa go Hw§$Vr g{hV nm§S>dm| H$mo

{ÔdmZo H$s ¶moOZm ~ZmB© JB©& Y¥VamîQ´> Zo Bg gå~ÝYr A{YgyMZm
H$adm Xr Am¡a amO-n[adma Ho$ R>haZo Ho$ {bE EH$ ‘hb ~Zdm¶m J¶m&
{dídgZr¶ godH$m| go ‘hb H$mo ÁdbZerb nXmWm] H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$
{Z{‘©V {H$¶m J¶m Am¡a Bgr àH$ma H$s dñVwAm| go Cgo gOm¶m J¶m& qH$Vw
Mm¡H$ÝZm ahZo dmbo {dXþa H$mo Bg JwßV ¶moOZm H$s I~a bJ JB© Am¡a
CÝhm|Zo ‘hb go ~M {ZH$bZo Ho$ {bE CgHo$ {ZH$Q> EH$ JwßV gwa§J H$m
{Z‘m©U H$adm {X¶m& O~ nm§S>d n[adma dhm± ahZo bJm Vmo ¶w{Y{îR>a VWm
^r‘ H$mo gyMZm XoH$a gwa§J H$m ‘w±h ‘hb ‘| Imob {X¶m J¶m& Xþ¶m}YZ H$m
{dñdñV ‘§Ìr nwamoMZ ¶moOZm H$mo {H«$¶mpÝdV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o dhm±
ñdmJVm{YH$mar Ho$ ê$n ‘| {Z¶w³V Wm& Cgo {dXþa H$s ¶moOZm H$m nVm hr
Z Mbm Am¡a dh ‘hb ‘| AmJ bJdmVm CgHo$ nyd© hr nm§S>dm| Zo EH$ {XZ
em‘ H$mo EH$ ^ì¶ ^moO H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m Am¡a Xoa amV O~ nwamoMZ
Am{X Jhar {ZÐm ‘| Wo nm§S>d Hw§$Vr H$mo boH$a Jw’$m ‘| Mbo J¶o Am¡a ^r‘ Zo
‘hb Ho$ Mmam| Va’$ AmJ bJmH$a dh ñd¶§ ^r ’y${V© go gwa§J ‘| Mbm J¶m
Am¡a ¶o bmoJ gwa{jV dZ ‘| {ZH$b J¶o& Bg àH$ma nm§S>d Vmo qOXm ~M
J¶o, qH$Vw bmoJm| H$mo BÝh| Obm XoZo H$s e§H$m Y¥VamîQ´> na Adí¶ hmo JB©&
AV… O~ nm§S>dm| Ho$ Or{dV hmoZo H$s ~mV, Ðm¡nXr ñd¶§da Ho$ ~mX, OJ
Om{ha hþB© Vmo Y¥VamîQ´> H$mo AnZm H$b§H$ Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE amÁ¶ ‘|
AmZÝXmoËgd ‘ZmVo hþE nm§S>dm| H$mo hpñVZmnwa {bdm bmZm n‹S>m& V~
lrH¥$îU Ho$ X~md go amÁ¶ H$m N>moQ>m gm {nN>‹S>o BbmHo$ H$m amÁ¶ nm§S>dm| H$mo
{X¶m J¶m, {H$ÝVw O~ dh BbmH$m gwgånÝZ hmo J¶m Vmo Cgo ^r OwE H$s
Mmb MbH$a nwZ… h{W¶m {b¶m J¶m& Cg g‘¶ ^r {dXþa Zo {damoY {H$¶m,
qH$Vw Y¥VamîQ´> H$s Bg‘| gh‘{V ahr& dñVwV… Vmo Y¥VamîQ´> nm§S>dm| Ho$
{déÕ ha gm{Oe ‘| em{‘b Wm, qH$Vw OZVm {déÕ Z hmo Om¶o Bg S>a
go dh ôX Z Iwb Om¶o ¶h gmdYmZr ~aVZo H$m nyam à¶mg H$aVm Wm&
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo CgHo$ XmoJbo M[aÌ H$mo AZoH$ KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ dU©Z ‘| àH$Q>
{H$¶m h¡& ¶hm± h‘ Ho$db Eogr Xmo KQ>ZmAm| H$m CëboI H$a|Jo&
OwAo ‘| eHw${Z O~ AnZr H$nQ> Mmb go OrVVm Wm Vmo Y¥VamîQ´> Ho$

Mohao na Omo àgÝZVm N>m OmVr Wr Am¡a CX²Jma {ZH$bVo Wo CgH$m dU©Z
nR>Zr¶ h¡& Bgr àH$ma H$s ¶wÕ g‘m{ßV Ho$ ~mX H$s EH$ KQ>Zm H$m J«§WH$ma
Zo dU©Z {H$¶m h¡ Omo Y¥VamfQ´> Ho$ H$nQ> Am¡a Ûof H$mo àH$Q> H$aVr h¡&
g§O¶, {dXþa Am¡a ì¶mg Zo nwÌ emoH$ go Xþ…Ir Y¥VamîQ´> H$mo AZoH$ àH$ma
go g‘Pm¶m& V^r ¶w{Y{îR>a ^r ^mB¶m| Am¡a lrH¥$îU g{hV CZgo {‘bZo
Am¶o Am¡a Hw$bZme Ho$ emoH$ ‘| em{‘b hmo MwnMmn I‹S>o hmo J¶o& Y¥VamîQ´>
Zo nhbo ¶w{Y{îR>a H$mo nmg ~wbmH$a Jbo bJm¶m, qH$Vw dh AmqbJZ
ñZohnyU© Zht Wm& BgHo$ ~mX CÝhm|Zo ^r‘ H$mo AnZo nmg ~wbm¶m, qH$Vw
lrH¥$îU Zo CZHo$ hmd^md XoIH$a ^r‘ H$mo Vmo EH$ Va’$ hQ>m {b¶m Am¡a
H$‘ao ‘| aIr EH$ à{V‘m H$mo CZHo$ nmg I‹S>m H$a {X¶m& Y¥VamîQ´> Zo à{V‘m
H$mo ^r‘ g‘PH$a N>mVr go bJmH$a BVZo Omoa go H$gm {H$ bmoho H$s à{V‘m
Mya-Mya hmo JB©& ^r‘ Vmo ~M J¶m qH$Vw Y¥VamîQ´> H$s Xþ^m©dZm àH$Q> hmo JB©&
BgHo$ ~mX ^r nm§S>dm| Zo Y¥VamîQ´> VWm JmÝYmar Ho$ à{V ì¶dhma ‘| AmXa-
gå‘mZ H$s H$moB© H$‘r Z AmZo Xr, {H$ÝVw CZH$m ‘Z amO‘hb ‘| Zht
bJm& EH$ {XZ do VrW©¶mÌm na {ZH$b J¶o Am¡a {’$a Zht bm¡Q>o&
nm§Sw>
aOmoJwUr àH¥${V ê$nm A§~m{bH$m Ho$ nwÌ Wo nm§Sw>& BÝh| O~ amOm
~Zm¶m J¶m Vmo CÝhm|Zo ~‹S>r Hw$ebVmnyd©H$ amÁ¶ H$m g§MmbZ Am¡a g§dY©Z
{H$¶m& qH$Vw CZH$m ‘Z Zht bJm Am¡a do AnZr XmoZm| npËZ¶m| - Hw§$Vr
VWm ‘mÐr H$mo gmW boH$a dZ ‘| EH$ Aml‘ ‘| Mbo J¶o Am¡a dht gmYw-
gm OrdZ OrZo bJo& dht Hw§$Vr go CÝh| VrZ nwÌ-- ¶w{Y{îR>a, ^r‘ Am¡a
AOw©Z VWm ‘mÐr go Xmo nwÌ-- ZHw$b Am¡a ghXod, H$s àm{ßV hþB©& CZHo$
Bg àH$ma Ho$ gmYw-g‘ OrdZ ‘| CÀM amOg JwUm| H$m à^md ñnîQ>
{XIVm h¡&
dñVwV… H$hmZr H$mo àVrH$mË‘H$ ñdê$n XoH$a AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~ZmZo
hoVw J«§WH$ma Zo, àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$, Bg‘| Cg H$mb ‘| àM{bV emn VWm
‘§Ìm| go XodVmAm| Ho$ AmdmhZ Am{X ~mV| Omo‹S> H$a Bgo Iy~ amoMH$ Am¡a
{deof g§Xoe àofH$ ~Zm¶m h¡& H$hm J¶m {H$ nmÊSw> Zo EH$ ~ma ‘¡WwZaV EH$

{haZ-Omo‹S>o na Vra Mbm H$a EH$ {haZ H$mo ‘ma S>mbm Wm Omo F${f n{V-
nËZr Wo {OÝhm|Zo nm§Sw> H$mo emn Xo {X¶m {H$ amOm nm§Sw> ^r a{V gwI Zht
^moJ| AÝ¶Wm CZH$s ‘¥Ë¶w VwaÝV hmo Om¶oJr& ñnîQ> hr F${f H$m h[aU
~ZH$a H«$s‹S>maV hmoZo H$s ¶h ~mV nyU©V… H$mën{ZH$ h¡ Am¡a nmÊSw> nwÌm| H$mo
Xod g§VmZ ~VmH$a AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ g§Xoe XoZo Ho$ {b¶o Bgo Abm¡{H$H$ ~Zm¶m
J¶m h¡& h‘mam Vm{H©$H$ ‘Z ¶{X Bg àH$ma Ho$ dU©Zm| H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZo ‘|
{damoY H$aVm hmo Vmo h‘ Abm¡{H$H$ dU©Zm| H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a ^r H$hmZr Ho$ ‘yb
gÝXoe H$mo J«hU H$a gH$Vo h¢& gmam§e ¶h {H$ nm§Sw> H$mo gmpËdH$Vm H$s
Amoa ~‹T>Zo dmbo amO{gH$ JwUm| go ¶w³V nmÌ H$mo I‹S>m {H$¶ J¶m h¡&
{dXþa
~hþYm XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ gVmoJwUr ì¶{³V ‘| Xÿgam| H$mo gVmoJwUr
AmMaU H$s Amoa ào[aV H$a gH$Zo dmbm à^md H$‘ hr hmoVm h¡& ZoV¥Ëd H$m
¶h JwU gËdJwUr ì¶{³V¶m| ‘| {~abo ‘| hr {XImB© XoVm h¡& BgH$m AW© ¶h
h¡ {H$ A{YH$m§e gVmoJwUr ì¶{³V¶m| H$s ~w{Õ Am¡a ‘Z Vmo gVmoJwUr hmo J¶o
hmoVo h¢ AWm©V² kmZ e{³V CZHo$ ‘Z-~w{Õ ‘| Vmo CVa MwH$s hmoVr h¡ qH$Vw
CZHo$ ì¶{º$Ëd ‘| VoOpñdVm AWm©V² AmË‘~b A^r BVZm gj‘ Zht hmo
nmVm h¡ {H$ dh AÝ¶m| H$mo gËdJwU ‘| {H«$¶merb H$a gHo$& {dXþa Ho$ ñdê$n
‘| h‘mao g‘j Bg àH$ma Ho$ hr EH$ gVmoJwUr qH$Vw VoOpñdVm {dhrZ
ì¶{³V H$m à{V‘mZ (model) àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
{dXþa AnZo gVJwUm| Ho$ H$maU hr Y¥VamîQ´> Ho$ emgZ ‘| ^rî‘ Ûmam
‘§Ìr ~Zm¶o J¶o Wo qH$Vw CZH$s ZoH$ gbmh Y¥VamîQ´> VWm Xþ¶m}YZ Am{X Zo
H$^r Zht gwZr& OwE Ho$ {bE ¶w{Y{îR>a H$mo Am‘§ÌU ôOo OmZo Ho$ g‘¶ {dXþa
Zo nhbo Y¥VamîQ´> H$mo Am¡a {’$a ¶w{Y{îR>a H$mo ^r OwE Ho$ Iob Ho$ {déÕ ~hþV
g‘Pm¶m Wm, qH$Vw {H$gr Zo Zht gwZm& do ~‹S>o Ý¶m¶{à¶, Y‘©emñÌm| Ho$
kmVm, Am¡a Y‘m©Ë‘m Wo VWm Bgr H$maU nm§S>dm| go {deof ñZoh aIVo Wo Am¡a
H$B© ~ma CÝhm|Zo CÝh| g§H$Q>m| go ~Mm¶m& bmjmJ«h ‘| nm§S>dm| H$mo ObmH$a ‘adm
S>mbZo dmbo fS²>¶Ì§ go CÝh| Or{dV ~MmZo ‘| CZH$s ~w{Õ‘Îmm nyU© Am¡a
{ZUm©¶H$ ^y{‘H$m H$s MMm© h‘ nhbo H$a hr MwH$o h¢&
Xod nwÌ nm§S>d
nyd© H$WmAm| H$m gma H$WZ
boI‘mbm Ho$ àW‘ A§H$ ‘| h‘Zo ^rî‘ H$s CËn{Îm Xodr J§Jm Am¡a
amOm emÝVZw go hmoZo H$s H$Wm H$s àVrH$mË‘H$ {ddoMZm Bg ê$n ‘| H$s Wr
{H$ J§Jm àH¥${V Ho$ àmapå^H$ D$Om© ê$n H$mo, amOm emÝVZww nwê$f VÎd Ho$
emÝV ê$n H$mo, VWm ^rî‘ CZgo CËnÞ dgwAm| (AWm©V² Anam àH¥${V ê$n
^y{‘ Am{X AmR> VÎdm|) ‘| AmR>d| VÎd "Ah§H$ma' H$mo {Zê${nV H$aVo h¢&
boI‘mbm Ho$ Xÿgao ^mJ ‘| h‘Zo àH¥${V-nwê$f Ho$ {ÛVr¶ MaU,
V¥Vr¶ MaU Am¡a MVwW© MaU Ho$ ê$nmÝVaU dmbr H$WmAm| H$s {ddoMZm¶|
àñVwV H$s Wt& Xÿgao ê$nmÝVaU Ho$ AÝVJ©V àH¥${V Ho$ ñWyb ê$n H$mo
gË¶dVr go, nwê$f Ho$ D${O©V ê$n H$mo ‘h{f© namea go VWm CZgo CËnÞ
ì¶mg H$mo OrdZ VÎd go {Zê${nV ‘mZm Wm& Vrgao MaU H$mo dhm± h‘Zo
{ÌJwUmË‘H$ ‘mZ{gH$ OJV H$s CËn{Îm Am¡a Mm¡Wo MaU H$mo {ÌJwUr ~w{Õ
ê$nm àH¥${V H$m {MÌU ‘mZH$a Hw$éd§e Ho$ d{U©V B{Vhmg H$mo g‘PZo H$m
à¶mg {H$¶m Wm&
Bg A§H$ ‘| VWm AmJm‘r Hw$N> A§H$m| ‘| h‘ nm§Md| MaU H$m
AÜ¶¶Z H$a|Jo {OgHo$,AÝVJ©V H$m¡ad-nm§S>dm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘Zwî¶ H$s Amgwar
Am¡a Xodr d¥{Îm¶m| H$m {Zê$nU hþAm h¡&
1. ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ nm§M H$moe : CZ‘| kmZ D$Om© H$m ñVa Am¡a ‘mÌm
‘Zwî¶ ‘| MoVZm Ho$ {d{^Þ ñVam| H$mo nm§M H$moem| Ho$ ê$n ‘| d{U©V
{H$¶m J¶m h¡& ¶o nm§M H$moe h¢-1.AÝZ‘¶, 2. àmU‘¶, 3.‘Zmo‘¶, 4.
{dkmZ‘¶ Am¡a 5.AmZÝX‘¶&
AÞ‘¶ H$moe go Ame¶ h¡ MoVZ eara, àmU‘¶ H$moe h¡ eara H$mo
Or{dV aIZo dmbr ídgZ, nmMZ Am{X àUm{b¶m±, ‘Zmo‘¶ H$moe h¡-
BÀN>m Am¡a g§H$ën H$aZo dmbm ‘Z& {dkmZ‘¶ H$moe Ho$ AÝVJ©V kmZ Ho$
Xmo ñVa AmVo h¢-1. ~w{Õ Omo ~mhar gyMZmAm| H$mo J«hU H$aVr h¡ Am¡a

CZH$m {díbofU H$aHo$ {ZU©¶ H$aVr h¡, 2. àkm ¶m Cƒ kmZ, Omo Hw$N>
A{YH$ {dH${gV ì¶{º$¶m| ‘o {H«$¶merb hþAm XoIm OmVm h¡& BZHo$ A{V[aº$
H$moB© EH$ {dabo ì¶{º$ ‘| MoVZm H$m EH$ Am¡a gdm©oƒ ñVa ^r OmJ«V hþAm
XoIm OmVm h¡ {Ogo AmZÝX‘¶ H$moe Zm‘ {X¶m J¶m h¡& JrVm ‘| Bgo
lrH¥$îU (‘hoída) Ho$ ê$n ‘| d{U©V {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
gm‘mÝ¶ ì¶{º$ ‘| MoVZ D$Om© H$m {dVaU BZ H$moem| ‘| KQ>Vo H«$‘
‘o hmoVm h¡& AÞ‘¶ Am¡a àmU‘¶ H$moem| ‘| Bg D$Om© H$s ‘mÌm gm‘mÝ¶V:
BVZr n¶m©á hmoVr h¡ {H$ eara Am¡a CgH$s àm{UH$ {H«$¶m¶| Am‘Vm¡a na
nyU©V: ì¶dpñWV MbVr ahVr h¢, qH$Vw ‘Z Am¡a ~wpÜX Ho$ ñVa na Eogr
pñW{V Zht hmoVr& g^r ‘Zwî¶m| ‘| BZ ñVam| na MoVZ D$Om© H$s gm‘Ï¶©
n¶m©á Zht h¡ Am¡a EH$ g‘mZ ^r Zht h¡& Omo A^r ‘Zmo-~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg
Ho$ AnojmH¥$V {ZMbo MaU ‘| h¢, CZ‘| ¶h kmZ D$Om© AkmZ ê$nm àH¥${V
H$s {H«$¶me{º$ H$mo ^br àH$ma {Z¶§{ÌV Zht H$a nmZo Ho$ H$maU Cg ì¶{º$
Ho$ H$m¶© Vm‘{gH$ (AWm©V² AkmZ-naH$) hmoVo h¢, O~{H$ A{YH$ {dH${gV
‘Zwî¶m| ‘| Bg MoVZm H$s gm‘Ï¶© BVZr n¶m©á hmo OmVr h¡ {H$ CZHo$ ‘Z/
~w{Õ amO{gH$ AWdm gmpËdH$ JwUm| go ¶wº$ hmo OmVo h¢& H$Wm ‘| àW‘
àH$ma Ho$ (V‘g²) ‘Zwî¶m| H$mo H$m¡adm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| Am¡a CƒVm àmá ‘Zwî¶m|
H$mo nm§S>dm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| {Zê${nV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
2. X¡dr-JwUr ‘Zwî¶ H$o MoVZm ñVam| H$m {Zê$nU nm§S>dm| Ho$ ê$n ‘|
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Cnamoº$ H$moem| ‘o go àË¶oH$ ‘o {H«$¶merb D$Üd©‘wIr
MoVZm H$mo {Zê${nV H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$-EH$ {d{eï> nmÌ H$s aMZm H$r h¡&
Bg àH$ma, AÞ‘¶ H$moe H$s MoVZm H$mo ¶w{Y{ð>a go, àmUm‘¶ H$moe H$s
MoVZm H$mo ^r‘ go, ‘Zmo‘¶r MoVZm H$mo AO©wZ go, Ed§ {dkmZ‘¶r MoVZm
Ho$ XmoZmo§ ñVam| H$mo ZHw$b-ghXod go {Zê${nV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
‘hm^maV H$Wm H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {b¶o h‘| Bg VÏ¶ H$mo EH$ jU Ho$
{b¶o ^r {dñ‘¥V Zht hmoZo XoZm Mm{h¶o {H$ H$Wm Ho$ ¶o nmÌ ì¶{³V Zht
daZ² ‘mZdr¶ d¥{Îm¶m| H$m {ZénU h¢& nm§M nmÊS>d ^r gË¶‘mJ© na MbZo
dmbo ì¶{³V Ho$ nm§M H$moem| H$s d¥{Îm¶m| H$m {Zê$nU h¢&
nm§Mm| nm§S>dm| H$s CËn{Îm Xod e[º$¶m| (XodVmAm|) go ~VmB© JB© h¡&
dñVwV: na‘mË‘ e{º$ Ho$ {OZ A§em| go àH¥${V H$s {deof aMZmAm| ‘| Eogo
{OZ {d{eï> JwUm| H$m àmH$Q²>¶ hmoVm h¡ Omo ì¶{º$ Am¡a g‘{ï> Ho$ {dH$mg ‘|
ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢,CZH$mo XodVm H$hm J¶m h¡& Eogr e{º$¶m± g‘{ï> ñVa na
^r {H«$¶merb h¢ Am¡a ì¶{ï> ñVa na ^r, AV: Cº$ àH$ma H$s g‘{ï>JV
e{º$¶m| H$mo ^r XodVm H$hm J¶m h¡ Am¡a ì¶{º$ AWdm {H$gr N>moQ>r BH$mB©
‘| M¡VÝ¶ e{º$ H$mo ^r XodVm H$hm J¶m h¡ O~ Cg BH$mB© H$m dU©Z Cggo
N>moQ>o A§em| go gå~ÝY ~VmZo {H$ {bE {H$¶m Om ahm hmo (ÑîQ>ì¶: ~¥hXm.3.9.1,
CgH$s ì¶m»¶m hoVw boIH$ H$m boI, "JrVm go OwS>o' n{ÌH$m A§H$ 4,2004 Ed§
{MÝ‘¶mZÝX H¥$V JrVm ^mî¶, íbmoH$ 3.11, ’w$Q>-ZmoQ>)& ¶hm± g‘{ï> ñVa na
{d{eï> H$m¶© àoaH$ e{º$¶m| H$mo XodVm H$hm J¶m h¡ Am¡a gX²JwUr ì¶{º$ ‘|
BZHo$ A§em| H$mo nm§S>dm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| d{U©V {H$¶m J¶m h¡& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, X¡dr
gånXm H$mo àmá ì¶{º$ Ho$ àW‘ Mma H$moem| ‘| {H«$¶m àoaH$ MoVZ e{º$ H$mo
H$Wm ‘| nm§S>dm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| {Zê${nV {H$¶m J¶m h¡ (Am¡a nm§Md| AmZÝX‘¶
H$moe pñWV MoVZ e{º$ H$m {Zê$nU ^JdmZ lrH¥$îU Ho$ ê$n ‘| hþAm h¡)&
3. nm§S>d nmÌm| Ho$ àVrH$mW© H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZo dmbo Hw$N> g§Ho$V
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo nm§S>dm| H$o Cº$ àVrH$mË‘H$ AW© H$mo B§{JV H$aZo
Ho$ {bE J«§W ‘| BZ nmÌm| Ho$ {d{eï> JwUm| H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZo dmbr KQ>ZmAm|
H$m Vmo dU©Z {H$¶m hr h¡, Hw$N> Eogo g§Ho$Vm| H$m ^r dU©Z {H$¶m h¡ Omo CZHo$
Cnamoº$ AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ AW© H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZo ‘| ~hþV ghm¶H$ h¢& àW‘
h‘ BZ Hw$N> "g§H§o$Vm|' H$m Am¡a níMmV² nmÌm| go gå~pÝYV KQ>ZmAm| H$m
AÜ¶¶Z H$a|Jo&
{OZ Hw$N> à‘wI "g§Ho$Vm|' na h‘mam Ü¶mZ J¶m h¡ do h¢-1. XodVmAm|
Ho$ Zm‘ {OZHo$ ¶o nwÌ ~Vbm¶o J¶o h¢, 2. CZ e§Im| Ho$ Zm‘ Omo nm§S>dm| Am¡a
lrH¥$îU Zo ‘hm^maV ¶wÜX àmaå^ hmoZo go nyd© ~Om¶o Wmo (JrVm -1.15,
16), 3. BZ nmÌm| Ho$ AW©~moYH$ Zm‘, 4. dZdmg Ho$ Voahd| df© (AkmV
dmg H$mb) ‘| amOm {damQ> Ho$ ¶hm§ ñdrH$ma {H$¶m J¶m godm H$m¶©, 5.
{h‘mb¶ H$s ApÝV‘ ¶mÌm ‘| BZHo$ {JaZo/JbZo H$m H«$‘, 6. dZdmg

H$mb H$s do Hw$N> KQ>Zm¶| {OZ‘| ¶w{Y{ð>a, ^r‘, AO©wZ H$s narjm¶| CZHo$
{nV¥-Xodm| Ûmam br J¶r Am¡a BZHo$ g’$b hmoZo na CÝh| A{V[aº$ ~b
àXmZ {H$¶m J¶m, Am¡a 7. J«§W Ho$ àdº$m gyVOr H$s {Q>ßn{U¶m± Am¡a
aM{¶Vm ñd¶§ ì¶mgOr Ûmam ÐþnX H$mo BZHo$ Am¡a Ðm¡nXr Ho$ nyd© OÝ‘ H$m
Xe©Z H$amZm& BZ‘| go Hw$N> à‘wI H$s {ddoMZm¶| ZrMo àñVwV h¢ -
3.1 Amdm{hV XodVm Am¡a CZH$m H«$‘
amOm nm§Sw> H$s Amkm go nwÌ àm{á hoVw H§w$Vr Zo Am¡a níMmV² ‘mÐr Zo
{OZ Xodm| H$m ‘ÝÌmdmhZ {H$¶m Am¡a {Og H«$‘ ‘| {H$¶m Cg‘| ‘hm^maVH$ma
H$m {ZpíMV hr EH$ {deof g§Xoe {Z{hV h¡& gd© àW‘ "¶‘' XodVm H$m
AmdmhZ {H$¶m J¶m Omo àW‘ ÑîQ>çm AmíM¶©OZH$ bJVm h¡& d¡{XH$
XodVmAm| ‘| A{¾, dê$U, dm¶w, BÝÐ Am{X Am¡a nm¡am{UH$ XodVmAm| ‘| {ed,
JUoe, gy¶©, {dîUw H$mo Omo ‘hÎd àmá h¡ d¡gm ¶‘ H$mo Zht& {’$a ^r O~
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Hw§$Vr Ûmam AmhÿV VrZ Xodm| ‘| ¶‘ XodVm H$mo àW‘ ñWmZ
XoVo hþE ¶w{Y{ð>a H$mo CZH$m nwÌ ~Vm¶m h¡ Vmo h‘| Bg na g‘w{MV {dMma
H$aZm hmoJm&••
¶‘ XodVm go ¶w{Y{ð>a : •àmMrZ H$mb ‘| "¶‘' H$mo na‘mË‘ em{º$
H$m EH$ {d{eï> H$m¶© g§nmXZ H$aZo dmbm A§e ‘mZm J¶m h¡ ¶h Z{MHo$Vm,
gm{dÌr, Am¡a Bg ¶w{Y{ð>a àg§J go ñnï> h¡& Z{MHo$Vm H$s Am¡a gm{dÌr
H$s H$WmAm| (Ed§ Hw$N> AÝ¶ nm¡am{UH$ H$hm{Z¶m|) Ho$ AmYma na Am‘
YmaUm ¶h h¡ {H$ do ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ XodVm h¢ qH$Vw ‘hm^maV Ho$ Bg àg§J go dh
YmaUm ‘ob Zht ImVr ³¶m|{H$ ¶hm± Vmo CÝh| OÝ‘-àXmVm Ho$ ê$n ‘| d{U©V
{H$¶m J¶m h¡& qH$Vw ¶{X h‘ ¶h ‘mZ| {H$ "¶‘' na‘mË‘ e{º$ H$m Eogm
A§e h¡ Omo àH¥${V H$mo Eogr j‘Vm àXmZ H$a XoVm h¡ {H$ dh nwZê$Ën{Îm
{H«$¶m Ûmam earam| H$s à{VH¥${V¶| ~OmVr ahVr h¡ Vmo ¶h YmaUm JrVm ‘|
^JdmZ Ho$ Cg dMZ H$m ^r ñnîQ>rH$aUm H$a XoVr h¡ {H$ "‘¡ Ord OJV
H$m àgd Am¡a àb¶ h°y§'(7.6), VWm Cnamoº$ VrZm| H$WmAm| ‘| "¶‘' H$s
Bg ^y{‘H$m H$mo ^r ñnï> H$a XoVr h¡ {H$ "¶‘'OrdmË‘m H$mo OÝ‘/‘aU
AWm©V² nwZO©Ý‘ H$s gw{dYm CnbãY H$amH$a dh CgHo$ AmÜ¶mpË‘H$
CËWmZ H$m ‘mJ© Imob XoVm h¡& A~ ¶h ì¶{º$ Ho$ kmZ Am¡a H$‘© e{º$ na
{Z^©a H$aVm h¡ {H$ dh ¶‘ XodVm Ûmam CnbãY H$amB© JB© Bg nwZO©Ý‘
à{H«$¶m H$m g‘w{MV Cn¶moJ H$a nmVm h¡ ¶m Zht&
Bg àH$ma, ¶‘ go ¶w{Y{ð>a H$s CËn{Î H$s H$hmZr OrdmË‘m H$mo
eara AWm©V² AÞ‘¶ H$moe CnbãY H$amZo dmbr X¡{dH$ ì¶dñWm H$m dU©Z
H$aVr h¡&
dm¶w XodVm go ^r‘ : dm¶w XodVm AWm©V² Ordm| H$mo àm{UH$ e{º$
àXmZ H$aZo dmbr na‘mË‘ e{º$& ¶{X h‘ àm{UH$ e{º$ Ho$ ‘yb H$s Vbme
H$a| Vmo dh h‘| dm¶w AmYm[aV O¡d-amgm¶{ZH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ MH«$ ‘| {‘bVm
h¡& dZñn{V¶| àH$me-g§íbofU {H«$¶m Ûmam àm{U¶m| Ho$ {bE ImÚ gm‘J«r
H$s CËn{Îm dm¶w ‘| CnpñWV AàmU-dm¶w (Co2) go H$aVo hþE àmUdm¶w
(O2) N>mo‹S>Vo h¢ Am¡a àmUr Cg ImÚ gm‘J«r go dm¶w ‘| CnpñWV àmUdm¶w
H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo hwE nwZ: AàmUdm¶w Am¡a àm{UH$ D$Om©/e{º$ CËnÞ
H$aVo h¢& Bg àH$ma, àH$me D$Om© H$mo àm{UH$ D$Om© ‘| ~XbZo H$m H$m¶©
dm¶w gånÞ H$aVr h¡& AV: àm{UH$ ~b Ho$ ‘yV© ê$n ^r‘ H$mo dm¶w nwÌ
~VmZm h‘mao dV©‘mZ ^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ go nwï> VÏ¶m| Ho$ ^r AZwHy$b ~¡R>Vm
h¡& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|,àmU‘¶ H$moe ‘| {H«$¶merb MoVZm H$m {Zê$nU ^r‘ Ho$
ê$n ‘| Omo {H$¶m J¶m h¡ dh gd©Wm C{MV {gÕ hmoVm h¡&
BÝÐ Xod go AOw©Z: ‘Z ‘| {H«$¶merb MoVZm H$m g‘{ï>JV ê$n h¡
BÝÐ& ‘Z Ho$ Xmo {H«$¶m-H$bmn ‘mZo J¶o h¢- BÀN>m Am¡a g§H$ën& BÝht
{H«$¶m-H$bmnm| H$s g‘pîQ>JV Xod-e{º$ h¡ BÝÐ& XodJwUr ì¶{º$ Ho$ ‘Zmo‘¶
H$moe ‘| Omo MoVZ e{º$ {H«$¶merb h¡ Cgo AO©wZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {M{ÌV {H$¶m
J¶m h¡& AV: AO©wZ H$mo BÝÐ nwÌ {Zé{nV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
ì¶{º$ Ho$ AmJm‘r {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ‘Zg MoVZm gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU©
h¡, Bg ~mV H$mo ‘hm^maV ¶wÕ ‘| AO©wZ H$s ^y{‘H$m go B§{JV {H$¶m J¶m
h¡& qH$Vw ‘Z H$s e{º$ ì¶{º$ Ho$ Am¡a g‘{ï> Ho$ CËWmZ Ho$ {bE H$maJa
V^r hmo gH$Vr h¡ O~ ¶h e{º$ lrH¥$îU ê$n kmZ gÎmm Ho$ {ZX©oeZ ‘|
H$m¶© H$ao O¡gm {H$ ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo JrVm àH$aU H$mo àñVwV H$aHo$ ñnï>
g§Xoe {X¶m h¡& dñVwV: ‘Zg MoVZm gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVo hþE ^r Bgo
AmË‘kmZ go ¶wº$ ‘mJ©Xe©H$ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Bg{bE hmoVr h¡ {H$ ì¶{º$Ëd
Ho$ {d{^Þ ñVam| ‘| go eara (AÞ‘¶ H$moe Am¡a àmU‘¶ H$moe) ñVa na
MoVZm Zo àH¥${V na {dO¶ ñWm{nV H$aHo$, Cgo {Z¶§{ÌV H$aHo$, BZ ñVam|
H$mo n¶m©á ñd-nmo{fV ~Zm {b¶m h¡ {H$ÝVw ¶h H$m¶© A^r ‘mZ{gH$ ñVana
nyU© Zht hþAm h¡& dV©‘mZ ¶wJ Ho$ à»¶mV ‘Zrfr Oo. H¥$îU‘y{V© Zo Bgr
VÏ¶ H$mo Bg ê$n ‘| ì¶º$ {H$¶m h¡ {H$ h‘mao ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa na A^r
H$m’$s Aì¶dñWm h¡ {OgH$m AdbmoH$Z H$aHo$ h‘| dhm± ì¶dñWm (AWm©V²
kmZ e{º$) ñWm{nV H$aZm h¡& Bgr ~mV H$mo àH$Q> H$aZo Ho$ {bE
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo AO©wZ Ho$ aW na lrH¥$îU H$mo gmaWr ~Zm H$a ~¡R>m¶m h¡&
ApídZr Xodm| go ZHw$b-ghXod : ZHw$b Am¡a ghXod H$mo ‘mÐr Ho$
¶‘b nwwÌ ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡, ¶‘b AWm©V² EH$ gmW CËnÞ& h‘ {dJV A§H
‘| H$h MwHo$ h¡ {H$ Hw§$Vr Cƒ amOg JwUr Am¡a ‘mÐr gmpËdH$ JwUr àH¥${V
H$mo {Zê${nV H$aVr h¢& BgHo$ gmW hr ApídZr Xodm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| ¶h OmZZm
‘hÎdnyU© hmoJm {H$ EH$ Vmo BZ Xodm| H$mo ^r J«ÝWm| ‘| ¶‘b ‘mZm J¶m h¡,
Xÿgao do AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ kmZ Ho$ àXmVm ‘mZo J¶o h¢& ‘hm^maV ‘| hr d¡{XH$
‘ÝÌm| H$m gÝX^© XoVo hþE BÝh| "nmabm¡{H$H$ CÞ{V Ho$ gmYZ' Am¡a "kmZàXmVm'
(1.3.58 VWm 67) H$hm J¶m h¡& dñVwV: AÝ¶Ì BÝh| Ohm± ZoÌ-Á¶mo{V
àXmVm Ho$ ê$n ‘| d{U©V {H$¶m J¶m h¡ dhm± ^r ZoÌ-Á¶mo{V H$m AW© h¡ kmZ
Á¶mo{V& BZ VÏ¶m| Ho$ àH$me ‘| h‘Zo ‘mÐr Am¡a ApídZ Xodm| go CËnÞ
ZHw$b-ghXod H$mo OrdmË‘m H$mo CnbãY Mm¡Wo H$moe--{dkmZ‘¶ H$moe--
H$s MoVZm H$m àVrH$ ‘mZVo hþE BÝh| AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ kmZ Ho$ Xmo ñVam| H$m
{Zê$nU ‘mZm h¡& AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ kmZ Ho$ ¶o Xmo ñVa h¢- namoj kmZ Am¡a
Anamoj kmZ Omo H«$‘e… ZHw$b Am¡a ghXod H$mo {Zê${nV H$aVo h¢& namoj kmZ
dh h¡ Omo h‘ Xÿgam| go gwZH$a AWdm J«ÝWm| go nT>H$a ~w{Õ ‘| YmaU H$aVo
h¢, VWm Anamoj kmZ dh h¡ Omo ì¶{º$ H$mo AZw^y{V ñVa na àmá hmo OmVm
h¡& ¶h Xÿgam kmZ hr ñWmB© hmoVm h¡& Bg {df¶ na Am¡a A{YH$ MMm© h‘
AJbo àH$aU-"e§Im| Ho$ Zm‘m|' H$s {ddoMZm Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$a|Jo&

3.2 e§Im| Ho$ Zm‘ : AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ AW© Ho$ g§Ho$VH$
¶wÕ àmaå^ hmoZo go nyd© Xþ¶m©oYZ H$mo CËgm{hV H$aVo hþE ^rî‘
{nVm‘h Zo gd© àW‘ e§I ~Om¶m Wm Am¡a AÝ¶ H$m¡adm| Zo ^r e§I, T>mob,
ZJmao Am{X ~Om H$a CËgmh H$m àXe©Z {H$¶m Wm& V~ lrH¥$îU, nm§Mmo
nmÊS>dm|, Am¡a BZHo$ nj Ho$ AÝ¶ ¶moÜXmAm| Zo ^r àWH$ àWH$ e§I
~OmH$a à{VCÎma {X¶m Wm& Bg dU©Z ‘| ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Ho$db lrH¥$îU
Am¡a nm§Mm| nmÊS>dm| Ho$ e§Im| Ho$ Zm‘ d{U©V {H$¶o h¢, AÝ¶ {H$gr Ho$ Zht&
lrH¥$îU Zo nm§MOÝ¶, ¶w{Y{ð>a Zo AZÝV{dO¶, ^r‘ Zo nm¡ÝS´>, AO©wZ Zo
XodXÎm, ZHw$b Zo gwKmof, Am¡a ghXod Zo ‘{UnwînH$ Zm‘ dmbo e§I ~Om¶o
(JrVm-1.15, 16)& ¶hm± ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo e§Im| Ho$ Zm‘ XoH$a BZ nmÌm| Ho$
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ àVrH$mW© H$m hr g§Ho$V {H$¶m h¡&
¶w{Y{ð>a H$m e§I AZÝV{dO¶ : ¶w{Y{ð>a Ho$ e§I H$m ¶h Zm‘
dñVwV: CZH$s nhMmZ AÞ‘¶ H$moe ‘o §pñWV MoVZm Ho$ ê$n ‘| ~VbmZo Ho$
{bE H$s h¡& ¶wÜXm| ‘o {dO¶ H$s Ñ{ï> go Vmo ¶h Zm‘ AO©wZ Ho$ e§I Ho$ {bE
Cn¶wº$ hmoVm& {H$ÝVw AÞ‘¶ H$moe AWm©V² ñWyb eara pñWV MoVZm ê$n
¶w{Y{ð>a H$o e§I H$m ¶h Zm‘ Cn¶wº$ {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ O~ h‘ Bg VÏ¶ na
Ü¶mZ XoVo h¡ {H$ eara Ho$ j{VJ«ñV hmoZo AWdm amoJJ«ñV hmoZo na Bg MoVZ e{º$
H$s {dO¶ Ho$ n[aUm‘ ñdê$n hr ì¶{º$ ñdñW hmo OmVm h¡& ³¶m|{H$ amoJmUmwAm|
go ¶h ¶wÕ Vmo gVV MbVm ahVm h¡, AV: eara ‘| {H«$¶merb e{º$ Ho$ Bg
H$m¶© H$mo "AZÝV{dO¶' Zm‘H$ e§I ’y$§ H$Zo H$m àVrH$ ~ZmH$a ¶w{Y{ð>a H$s
nhMmZ earaJV gmpËdH$ MoVZm Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$amB© JB© h¡&
^r‘ H$m e§I nm¡ÊS´> : nm¡ÝS´> (=nwÝS´>+AU) Zm‘ bmb a§Jdmbr
dñVwAm| (¶Wm Bg a§J H$m JÞm, H$‘b, {VbH$) Ho$ {bE à¶wº$ hmoVm h¡&
AÜ¶mpË‘H$ {MÌU ‘| Zrbm a§J AZÝV na‘ gÎmm ê$n na‘mË‘m H$m
({dîUw/lrH¥$îU/lram‘ ZrbdUm© h¢), nrbm a§J MamMa g¥{ï> H$m (^JdmZ
{dîUw/lram‘/lrH¥$îU nrVmå~a YmaU H$aVo h¢), bmb a§J godm-H$‘©
ê$n, àm{UH$ ~b H$m àVrH$ h¡ (lram‘ Ho$ godH$ hZw‘mZ VWm ^JdmZ
{ed Ho$ godH$ ^¡ad Ho$ Vmo gånyU© eara hr {gÝXÿa nmoV H$a bmb ~Zm

{X¶o OmVo h¡, n{V godm d«Vr ‘{hbm¶| ^r {ga ‘| bmb ‘m§J (nQ²>Q>r) Am¡a
^º$ bmoJ bbmQ> na bmb {VbH$ YmaU H$aVo h¢)& AV: ^r‘ Ho$ e§I H$m
nm¡ÊS´> Zm‘ OrdmË‘m H$s gmpÎdH$ àmU e{º$ H$m ÚmoVH$ h¡& Bg àH$ma ^r‘
H$mo àmU‘¶ H$moe H$s gmpÎdH$ MoVZm H$m àVrH$ {Zé{nV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
AO©wZ H$m e§I XodXÎm : ¶h Bg VÏ¶ H$mo àH$m{eV H$aVm h¡ {H$
‘Zwî¶ H$mo AÝ¶ àm{U¶m| H$r Anojm Omo {deof ‘Zmo-~m¡pÜXH$ e{º$ {‘br
h¡ dh X¡{dH$ AZwJ«h h¡ Am¡a BgH$m Cn¶moJ kmZ ¶wº$ H$‘© (^{º$) ‘| H$aVo
hþE na‘mË‘ àm{á H$aZo ‘| h¡, O¡gm {H$ JrVm ‘| ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îU Zo AO©wZ
H$mo H$hm hr h¡& ³¶m|{H$ ‘Zmo-~m¡pÕH$ MoVZm H$m ñWmZ ‘Zmo‘¶ H$moe h¡
AV: e§I Ho$ Zm‘ go AO©wZ H$mo ‘Zmo‘¶ H$moe pñWV MoVZm Ho$ ê$n ‘|
{Zé{nV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
ZHw$b H$m e§I gwKmof Am¡a ghXod H$m e§I ‘{U nwînH$ : gwKmof H$m
AW© h¡ CÎm‘ eãX AWm©V² gwZm hþAm CÎm‘ kmZ Am¡a ‘{U-nwînH$ H$m AW©
h¡ gwÝXa àH$me AWm©V² AZw^yV-kmZ& ¶o XmoZm| hr {dkmZ‘¶ H$moe Ho$
ñVa h¢ Am¡a AÜ¶mË‘ kmZ Ho$ à^mJ h¢& AÝ¶Ì BÝh| AàË¶j Am¡a àË¶j,
AWdm na-g§doXr Am¡a ñd-g§doXr kmZ H$hm J¶m h¡& BZHo$ g‘{ï> ê$nm|
H$mo ApídZr Xod H$hm J¶m h¡ Am¡a gd©Wmm EH$ hr g§dJ© H$m ~VbmZo hoVw
BZ Xodm| H$mo ^r Eogm ¶w½‘r¶ ~Vbm¶m J¶m h¡ Omo gXm gd©Xm gmW hr ahVo
h¢, ‘mZmo Ow‹S>o hþE h¢& ì¶{ï> ñVa na {Zé{nV H$aZo hoVw ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo
BÝh| ‘mÐr (gmpËdH$ ~w{Õ) Ûmam Cº$ Xod e{º$¶m| H$mo AmhÿV H$aZo na àmá
hþE ¶w½‘ nwÌ ~Vbm¶m h¡& ¶o XmoZm| AÜ¶mË‘ kmZ Ho$ Xmo ñVam|--gwZm hþAm
~w{ÕJV kmZ (ZHw$b) Am¡a AZw^yV kmZ (‘Ur Ho$ g‘mZ ñd àH$m{eV
kmZ, ghXod)- H$mo {Zê${nV H$aVo h¢& Bg {Zê$nU ‘| h‘ EH$ ‘hÎdnyU©
g§Xoe ^r XoI gH$Vo h¢& g‘{ï> ñVa na kmZ Ho$ XmoZm| ñdê$nm| (ApídZ
Xodm|) H$mo A{^Þ ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ÝVw ì¶{º$ ‘| AdV[aV hmoZo na kmZ Ho$
¶o XmoZm| ñVa Cg ê$n ‘| Ow‹S>dm± Zht ahVo-¶wp½‘V hmoVo hþE ^r ZHw$b H$mo
C‘« ‘| d[að> Am¡a ghXod H$mo H${Zð> ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡ {OgH$m AW© h¡ {H$
AÜ¶mË‘ kmZ H$m AdVaU nhbo ~w{Õ ‘| Am¡a ~mX ‘| AZw^d ‘| hmoVm h¡&

lrH¥$îU H$m e§I nm§MOÝ¶ : ì¶{³Ëm ‘| Cnamoº$ nm§M MoVZ ñVam|
H$mo g§Mm{bV H$aZo dmbm ‘yb VËd, CÝh| OrdZ XoZo dmbr gÎmm lrH¥$îU
h¢, AV: CZHo$ e§I H$m Zm‘ nm§MOÝ¶ ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡& CÝho Bgr íbmoH$
(JrVm 1.15) ‘o§ öfrHo$e ^r H$hm J¶m h¡& (nm#mOÝ¶§ öfrHo$e:) Am¡a
öfrHo$e eãX H$m AW© h¡ "AmZÝX H$m ñdm‘r' dñVwV: Cg gÎmm H$m àH¥${V
‘wº$ ewÕ ñdê$n AmZÝX hr h¡& JrVm (14.27) ‘| ^r BgHo$ {bE "gwIñ¶
à{Vð>m' AWm©V² ""AmZÝX hr {OgH$s nhMmZ h¡'' Eogm H$hm J¶m h¡&
àË¶oH$ Ord {OgH$s àm{á hoVw Or{dV ahZm MmhVm h¡ dh ¶hr gwI/
AmZÝX h¡ ^bo hr dh gwI {H$VZo hr bKw ê$n ‘| Cgo àmá hþAm hmo& ‘Zwî¶
Ûmam CgHo$ ewÕ emídV ñdê$n H$s ImoO hr AÜ¶mË‘ nW h¡& ì¶{º$ ‘|
MoVZ gÎmm H$s Cg gdm©oƒ pñW{V H$mo hr AmZÝX‘¶ H$moe H$hm J¶m h¡&
3.3 nm§S>dmo§ H$m ‘aU H«$‘
‘hm^maV Ho$ "‘hmàñWm{ZH$ nd©'(Hw$b 18 ‘| go 17 d| nd©) ‘|
Ðm¡nXr g{hV nm§S>dm| H$s {h‘mb¶ ‘| JbZo H$s EH$ ahñ¶‘¶r H$Wm d{U©V
h¡ Omo nm§S>dm| H$s nhMmZ Bg boI ‘| d{U©V n§MH$moem| H$s MoVZm Ho$ ê$n ‘|
H$amVr h¡& Bg H$Wm ‘| BZ nmÌm| Ho$ ‘aZo H$m Omo H«$‘ h¡ dh Cggo R>rH$
CbQ>m h¡ Omo BZHo$ OÝ‘ H$m Wm& g~ go H$‘ Am¶w H$s Ðm¡nXr g~ go nhbo
‘¥Ë¶w H$mo àmá hmoVr h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ ~mX Am¶w Ho$ ~‹T>Vo H«$‘ ‘| ghXod,
ZHw$b, AO©wZ Am¡a ^r‘ ‘¥Ë¶w H$mo àmá hmoVo h¢& V~ AHo$bo ¶w{Y{ð>a H$s
BÝÐXod Am¡a ¶‘Xod go Hw$N> K§Q>m| VH$ EH$ dmVm© MbVr ahVr h¡ {OgHo$
A§V ‘| ¶‘ CÝh| Xoh-^md go ‘wº$ hmoZo H$m Cnm¶ ~VmVo h¢& ¶h dU©Z
AnZo ^m¡{VH$ ê$n ‘§o ^r Am¡a AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ AW© ‘| ^r BZ nmÌm| H$s
n§MH$moem§o ‘| pñWV MoVZm ñVam| Ho$ ê$n ‘| nhMmZ H$s nw{ï> H$aVm h¡& O~
ì¶{º$ ñd^m{dH$ ‘¥Ë¶w H$mo àmá hmoVm h¡ Vmo gd© àW‘ CgH$m kmZ, níMmV²
‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mH$bmn Am¡a {’$a ‘m§gno{e¶m| H$s e{º$ g‘má hmoVr h¡&
{H$ÝVw hX¶ Am¡a ídmg ~ÝX hmoZo, {Ogo h‘ ‘¥Ë¶w H$hVo h¢, Ho Hw$N> K§Q>m|
~mX VH$ ^r H$mo{eH$mAm| ‘|(AÞ‘¶ H$moe ‘|) MoVZm ~Zr ahVr h¡ Am¡a
Bgr H$maU eara ‘o AnKQ>Z (decomposition) {H«$¶m¶| ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ H$B©

K§Q>mo ~mX àmaå^ hmoVr h¢& {d{^Þ ñVam| na MoVZm õmg H$m ¶h H«$‘ nm§S>dm|
H$s n§MH$moer¶ MoVZm Ho$ ê$n ‘| nhMmZ H$s nw{îQ> H$aVm h¡&
Cº$ ‘aU H«$‘ H$s AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ {ddoMZm ^r n§mS>dm| H$s Cº$ nhMmZ
H$s nw{ï> H$aZo dmbr h¡& ‘aU H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ AW© "gm§gm[aH$ bmbgmAm|
H$s g‘m{á' {b¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&ghXod Am¡a ZHw$b, {OZH$s nhMmZ
h‘Zo AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ kmZ Ho$ ñVam| Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$s Wr, BZ‘| gm§gm[aH$
dmgZmAm| H$s g‘m{á gd© àW‘ hmoZm ghO ñdm^m{dH$ h¡& {’$a g‘m{á H$m
H«$‘ hmoJm AOwZ© go {Zé{nV ‘mZ{gH$ (‘Zmo‘¶ H$moe H$s) MoVZm, níMmV²
^r‘ ê$n àmU‘¶ H$moe H$s MoVZm Am¡a g~ go A§V ‘| H«$‘ Am¶oJm ¶w{Y{ð>a
ê$n AÞ‘¶ H$moe go g§~pÝYV Xoh^md H$s g‘m{á H$m& Xoh^mmd H$s g‘m{ßV
Vmo H$B© OÝ‘m| Ho$ à¶mg Ho$ ~mX hr g§^d hmoVr h¡, Eogm H$hm J¶m h¡&
Bg àg§J Ho$ Xmo dU©Z ¶hm± Bg boI Ho$ {df¶ go grYo gå~pÝYV
Zht hmoVo hþE ^r amoMH$ Am¡a AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ Ñ{ï> go ‘hÎdnyU© hmoZo go CZH$s
{ddoMZm H$aZm C{MV hmoJm& EH$ h¡, Bg ¶mÌm ‘| Hw$Îmo H$m gmW ahZm& dh
Hw$Îmm AÝV VH$ ¶w{YpîR>a Ho$ gmW ahVm h¡& BÝÐXod ñdJ© ‘| Hw$Îmo H$m àdoe
d{O©V ~VmVo h¢ qH$Vw ¶w{Y{îR>a Cgo Z Ë¶mJVo hþE ñdJ© hr N>mo‹S> XoZo H$s
ÑT>Vm ~VbmVo h¢& Xÿgam dU©Z ¶h h¡ {H$ ¶‘ Xod, Z{MHo$Vm H$s H$hmZr
dmbr ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVo hþE, ¶hm± ¶w{YpîR>a H$mo ‘w{º$ H$m ‘mJ© ~VmVo h¢--
{ÌbmoH$Jm‘r J§Jm ‘| ñZmZ& ¶hm± Hw$Îmm g§^dV: CZ ^moJ d¥{Îm¶m| H$m àVrH$
h¡ {OZHo$ ag H$mo OrdmË‘m H$m {ZåZ ê$n, AÞ‘¶ earaJV MoVZm, N>mo‹S>
Zhr§ nmVr (JrVm-2.59), ¶Ú{n J«§W ‘| Hw$Îmo H$mo Y‘© H$m ê$n ~Vm¶m J¶m
h¡ {OgH$m Jy‹T> ^md Y‘© H$s Bg n[a^mfm ‘| {N>nm h¡ {H$ "Yma¶{V B{V
Y‘©…'& ^moJ d¥{Îm¶m| H$mo Xoh-MoVZm O~ VH$ YmaU {H$¶o ahVr h¡ V~ VH$
‘w{³V Zht {‘b gH$Vr Am¡a ¶w{Y{îR>a H$mo ^r "¶‘Xod' BÀN>mZwgma ‘Zwî¶
eara YmaU H$aVo ahZo H$m "daXmZ' XoVo h¢ Am¡a "J§Jm ñZmZ' Ho$ ê$n ‘|
‘w{³V H$m ‘mJ© ^r ~VmVo h¢& {ÌbmoH$Jm‘r J§Jm h¡ B©ída H$s {ÌJwUr ‘m¶m
{Og‘| ^«‘U H$amH$a (¶hm± Bgo AdJmh ¶m ñZmZ H$hm J¶m h¡) öX¶ñW
B©ída OrdmË‘m H$mo AÝVV: ‘w{º$ àmá H$am XoVm h¡ (JrVm-18.61)&

¶w{Y{ð>a Am¡a ^r‘ : D$Üd©Jm‘r ì¶{º$Ëd
Ho$ àW‘ Xmo H$moe
nm§Mm| nm§S>dm| Ho$ àVrH$mW© H$mo B§{JV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ‘hm^maV ‘| {OZ
gm‘y{hH$ dU©Zm| H$m g§¶moOZ hþAm h¡ CZ‘| go Hw$N> H$s {ddoMZm h‘ nhbo
H$a MwHo$ h¢& A~ h‘ BZ nmÌm| Ho$ ì¶{º$JV JwUm| Ho$ AmYma na Cg
{Zê$nU H$s {ddoMZm H$a|Jo& gd©àW‘ h‘ ¶w{Y{ð>a Am¡a ^r‘ H$mo AnZo
AÜ¶¶Z H$m {df¶ ~Zm aho h¢ VWm AmJo AO©wZ Am¡a ZHw$b-ghXod H$m
AÜ¶¶Z H$a|Jo&
¶w{Y{ð>a : AÞ‘¶H$moe pñWV D$Üd©Jm‘r MoVZm H$m {ZénU
àVrH$mW© Ho$ AZwê$n hr Zm‘
¶w{Y{ð>a eãX H$m AW© "¶wÕ ‘| pñWa' ^r Cnamoº$ àVrH$mW© Ho$
AZwê$n h¡& OrdmË‘m H$s MoVZ e{º$ Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hr eara Or{dV ahVm
h¡, Zht Vmo ^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ Ho$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwgma Vmo {dKQ>Z hmoZm
ñdm^m{dH$ à{H«$¶m h¡& eara AWm©V² AÞ‘¶ H$moe ‘| OrdmË‘m BZ {dKQ>ZH$mar
e{º$¶m| go Am¡a amoJmUwAm| go gVV ¶wÕ H$aVo hþE eara H$mo ~ZmE aIVm
h¡& AV: eara ‘| OrdmË‘m H$s Bg {H«$¶merbVm Ho$ n[aàoú¶ ‘| CgH$m
¶w{Y{ð>a Zm‘ gd©Wm Cn¶wº$ h¡&
Á¶oð> hmoZo H$m AW©
Bg H$moe H$s ‘hÎmm ¶w{Y{ð>a Ho$ ê$n ‘| Bg àH$ma Xem©¶r J¶r h¡
{H$ ¶w{Y{ð>a nm§S>dm| ‘| g~ go Á¶oð> h¢& Mmam| N>moQ>o ^mB© {deof JwUm| ‘| CZgo
loð> hmoVo hþE ^r CZH$s Amkm ‘| ~§Yo ahVo h¢& ì¶{º$ Ho$ àmU, ‘Z ^r eara
Ho$ AZwê$n H$m¶© H$aVo h¢& eara ñdñW hmoZo na hr àmU, ‘Z ñdñW ahVo
h¢&
¶w{Y{ð>a Ho$ ê$n ‘| OrdmË‘m H$s AÞ‘¶ H$moedmbr pñW{V H$mo
B§{JV H$aZo Ho$ {bE CZHo$ AZoH$ Cƒ JwUm| Ho$ ‘Ü¶ EH$ {dnarV JwU
~VbmH$a ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo h‘mam Ü¶mZ Cg Amoa AmH${f©V {H$¶m h¡& CÝho§

OyAm(ÚyV) H$m BVZm XrdZm ~Vbm¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ Cg g‘¶ ‘mZmo do
{ddoH$hrZ hr hmo OmVo h¢& do OyAm ‘| Zo Ho$db n¡V¥H$ amÁ¶ hma OmVo h¢,
daZ² ^mB©¶m| H$mo, ñd¶§ H$mo Am¡a Ðm¡nÐr H$mo ^r hmaH$a XmgËd ‘| OH$‹S>dm
XoVo h¢& n[aUm‘ ¶h hmoVm h¡ {H$ Ðm¡nXr H$mo âr g^m ‘| Ho$e nH$‹S>H$a
KgrQ> H$a bm¶m OmVm h¡, Xþ¶m©oYZ CÝh| dó {dhrZ H$aZo H$m Xþ:emgZ H$mo
{ZX©oe XoVm h¡ Am¡a A^Ð AmdmhZ H$aVm h¡, H$U© Xþ¶m©oYZ H$m hr nj boVm
h¡ Am¡a Xþ:emgZ Ðm¡nXr H$mo Z¾ H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& Ho$db B©ídar¶
M‘ËH$ma go Ðm¡nXr H$s bmO ~MVr h¡& {dS>§~Zm ¶h {H$ Eogm {dH$Q>
An‘mZ ^moJH$a ^r ¶w{Y{ð>a OyAo H$m ‘moh Zht Ë¶mJ nmVo& JmÝYmar Ho$
H$hZo na Y¥Vamï´> nm§S>dmo§ H$mo XmgËd go ‘wº$ H$aVo hþE hmam hþAm amÁ¶ Am¡a
gån{Îm bm¡Q>m XoVo h¢ {H$ÝVw Xþ¶m©oYZ Ho$ AmdmhZ na Hw$N> {XZ ~mX hr
¶w{Y{ð>a {’$a OyAm IobVo h¢ Am¡a amÁ¶ VWm gån{Îm hmaH$a n[adma
g{hV Voah df© H$m nwZamdV©Zr¶ dZdmg ^moJVo h¢& Voahd| df© Ho$ AkmVdmg
‘| ^r do OyAo Ho$ à{ejH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| hr amOm {damQ> Ho$ ¶hm± godH$ ~ZVo
h¢& dñVwV: ¶w{Y{ð>a Ho$ ê$n ‘| OrdmË‘m H$s àW‘ àmH¥$V pñW{V H$mo àH$Q>
H$aZo Ho$ {bE hr ¶w{Y{ð>a H$mo OyAo H$mo Eogm XrdmZm ~Vbm¶m J¶m h¡& Bg
H$WZ Ho$ ñnï>rH$aU hoVw h‘| àmMrZ ^maVr¶ gm{hË¶ ‘| {dnwbVm go d{U©V
OyAo Ho$ àVrH$mW© H$m Iwbmgm H$aZm Amdí¶H$ hmoJm&
OyAm àVrH$ h¡ O‹S> àH¥${V Ho$ "g§¶moJ' {Z¶‘ H$m
d¡{XH$ Am¡a nm¡am{UH$ gm{hË¶ ‘| OyAo Ho$ AZoH$ àg§J/C„oI
XoIZo H$mo {‘bVo h¢& dñVwV: ^maVr¶ ‘Zr{f¶m| Zo O‹S> àH¥${V Ho$ EH$
‘hËdnyU© {Z¶‘ H$mo OyAo Ho$ àVrH$ Ûmam ì¶º$ {H$¶m h¡& OyAo H$m Iob
g§¶moJ (¶ÑÀN>m, X¡d¶moJ) AWm©V² {dkmZ H$s ^mfm ‘| g§^mdZm/àm{¶H$Vm
(probability) Ho$ {Z¶‘ H$m àVrH$ h¡& CZ F${f¶m| Am¡a qMVH$m| Zo O‹S>
OJV Ho$ Bg {Z¶‘ H$s nhMmZ H$aHo$ O‹S> go MoVZ H$s {dH$mg ¶mÌm Ho$
àmapå^H$ MaU ‘| O‹S> H$s dar¶Vm ~VbmZo Ho$ {bE OyAo H$mo Hw$N> d¡{XH$
‘ÝÌm| ‘| Am¡a nm¡am{UH$ H$hm{Z¶m| ‘| ñWmZ {X¶m h¡& (gÝX^m] g{hV {ddoMZm
hoVw Ñï>ì¶ hmoJm boIH$ H$m boI "àH¥${V Ho$ gå^mì¶Vm {Z¶‘ Ho$ AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ joÌ ‘|

AZwà¶moJ', ~«÷mË‘ e{º$, A§H$ Zdå~a 2004, C³V boI Ho$ gma-gmam§e H$s
OmZH$mar hoVw Bg boI Ho$ AÝV ‘| Hw$N> gÝX^© gy{MV h¢)& {dH$mg Ho$ Cƒ MaUm|
‘| OyAm gd©Wm d{O©V ‘mZm J¶m h¡& Bgr H$mo B§{JV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Xrnmdbr
H$s A‘mdñ¶m dmbr amÌr Ho$ A{V[aº$ AÝ¶ {XZm| Ho$ {bE OyAo H$mo d{O©V
{H$¶m J¶m h¡ (ñH$ÝX nwamU-2.1) AV: ¶w{Y{ð>a H$mo OyAo H$m A§Y-^º
~Vbm H$a MoVZm OmJaU H$s Bg àW‘ pñW{V H$mo B§{JV {H$¶m J¶m h¡
{Og‘| ì¶{º$ OrdZ H$mo OyAo Ho$ Iob H$s Vah boVm h¡& g§Ho$V {X¶m J¶m
h¡ {H$ Eogo ì¶{º$ H$s MoVZm A^r ‘w»¶V: AÞ‘¶ H$moe ‘| hr {H«$¶merb
h¡&$
‘hËdnyU© h¡ OrdZ ‘| bú¶ H$m kmZ hmoZm
OyAo Ho$ Ûmam EH$ Amoa Vmo ¶w{Y{ð>a H$s MoVZm pñW{V H$mo àmW{‘H$
MaU dmbr ~VmB© J¶r h¡, {H$ÝVw Xÿgar Amoa CZHo$ M[aÌ H$mo ~hþV Cƒ
JwUm| go gnÞ ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡& CZH$s ghZerbVm, Ñ‹T>Vm Am¡a YraVm
Am{X Cƒ JwU CÝh| gË¶ go {S>JZo Zht XoV&o do OyAo Ho$ n[aUm‘ ñdê$n àmá
{df‘ n[apñW{Ëm¶m| ‘| qH${MV ^r {dM{bV Zht hmoVo Am¡a ~‹S>r YraVm go CZ
n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo ñdrH$maVo hþE gË¶mMaU na hr CZH$s Ñ{ï> Ho$pÝXV ahVr
h¡& nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌ ‘| Bg àH$ma Ho$ {damoYr JwUm| H$m {X½Xe©Z H$amZm
‘hm^maVH$ma H$s {deofVm h¡, {OgH$s MMm© h‘ nhbo H$a MwH$o h¡& ¶hm± h‘
nwZ: H$hZm Mmh|Jo {H$ ì¶{º$ Ho$ Hw$N> JwU CgHo$ ‘yb ñd^md go AWm©V² nyd©
OÝ‘m| ‘o§ CgH$s {dH$mg ¶mÌm Ho$ {Og ‘wH$m‘ (n‹S>md) na dh nhþ±Mm h¡
Cggo, Am¡a Hw$N> dV©‘mZ OÝ‘ ‘| MwZo J¶o nW go {ZYm©[aV hmoVo h¢&
¶w{Y{ð>a Ho$ Cƒ JwUm| H$m AmYma CZH$s gË¶ {Zð>m h¡& ¶h {Zð>m
V^r ~ZVr h¡ O~ ì¶{º$ H$mo OrdZ Ho$ dmñV{dH$ bú¶ H$m kmZ hmo Am¡a
Cg‘| Cg Y‘© nW na MbZo H$m Ñ‹T> g§H$ën hmo& ¶w{Y{ð>a Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd ‘|
nm§S>dm| H$s Y‘©nW na MbZo H$s {Zð>m hr CÝh| lrH¥$îU Ho$ ê$n ‘| X¡dr
ghm¶Vm H$m hH$Xma ~ZmVr h¡& BZ nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌ Ûmam EH$ ‘hËdnyU©
g§Xoe ¶h [X¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ ì¶{º$ H$mo ¶[X bú¶ H$m kmZ Am¡a Cg Amoa
MbZo H$m CgH$m g§H$ën Ñ‹T> hmo Vmo Cgo X¡dr ghm¶Vm ^r Adí¶ {‘bVr

h¡ Am¡a CgH$m OrdZ g’$b hmoZm gw{ZpíMV h¡&
Y‘m©ê$‹T> ì¶{³V Ho$ ghm¶H$ Xod ñd¶§ ~Z OmVo h¡
ì¶{º$ H$m ‘yb ñd^md (CgH$s MoVZm {dH$mg H$s pñW{V) Hw$N> ^r
hmo qH$Vw ¶{X CgH$m Y‘© nW na MbZo H$m g§H$ën n¸$m hmo Vmo Xod
e{º$¶m± ñd¶§ hr CgHo$ {bE ghm¶H$ ~Z OmVr h¢& Bg VÏ¶ H$mo ‘hm^maVH$ma
Zo AZoH$ KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go àH$m{eV {H$¶m h¡& nm§S>dm|(Am¡a Ðm¡nXr) H$mo
lrH¥$îU H$s ‘XX Am¡a Aml¶ CZH$s Bgr ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ H$maU {‘bVr h¡&
¶w{Y{ð>a, ^r‘, AOwZ© H$mo AnZo AnZo ñd^md H$m AZwgaU H$aVo hþE
Y‘©nW na MbZo na, CZH$s n¡VH¥ $/AJ«O Xod e{º$¶m| go narjmonamÝV
Amerdm©X Am¡a ~b àmá hmZo H$s KQ>ZmE± ^r Bgr VÏ¶ H$mo COmJa H$aVr h¢&
¶w{Y{ð>a H$s erbVm, YraVm Am¡a Ý¶m¶{à¶Vm H$s narjm ¶‘ ñd¶§
¶j ê$n ‘| ‘m¶mdr gamoda H$s aMZm H$aHo$ boVo h¢& ^r‘ Am{X g^r ^mB©
¶j Ho$ àíZm| H$s Cnojm H$a ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ nme ‘| ~§Y OmVo h¢, qH$Vw ¶w{Y{ð>a
Cg AÑí¶ e{º$ (¶j) Ho$ à{V nyU© gå‘mZ {XImVo hþE CgHo$ g^r
~m¡{ÕH$ àíZm| Ho$ ghr CÎma XoH$a Cgo gÝVwï> H$a XoVo h¢& V~ ¶j Ûmam
{H$gr EH$ ^mB© H$mo Or{dV H$a XoZo H$m daXmZ XoZo na do AnZo ghmoXa
^mB© dra AO©wZ AWdm ‘hm~br ^r‘ H$mo Or{dV H$a XoZo H$s àmW©Zm Z
H$aVo hþE ‘mÐr nwÌ ZHw$b H$m OrdZ ‘m§JVo h¢& CZH$s Bg Ý¶m¶{à¶Vm go
àgÞ hmoH$a ¶j ê$n ¶‘ àH$Q> hmoH$a Z Ho$db g^r ^mB©¶m| H$mo nwZOu{dV
H$a XoVo h¢, daZ² ¶w{Y{ð>a H$mo Jbo bJmH$a g’$bVm H$m Amerdm©X XoVo h¢&
KQ>Zm Ho$ dU©Z go ¶h ^r B§{JV {H$¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ ^bo hr {H$gr Zo nyd©
OÝ‘m| ‘| MoVZ OmJ««{V H$s ~hþV D±$Mr gr‹T>r àmá Z H$s hmo (A^r AÞ‘¶
H$moe dmbr hr CgH$s pñW{V hmo), {H$ÝVw Bg OÝ‘ ‘| ghr ‘mJ© na MbZo
H$s CgH$s H¥$V-g§H$ënVm Ho$ H$maU dh {ZíM¶ hr ghr nW na h¡&
‹(‘m‘² {h nmW© ì¶nm{lË¶, ¶o A{n ñ¶w… nmn¶moZ¶… JrVm-9.32) ¶w{Y{ð>a
Ho$ OrdZ-M[aÌ go h‘o§ ¶h g§Xoe {X¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ ì¶{º$ H$s nyd© pñW{V
Hw$N ^r hmo, ¶{X OrdZ Ho$ bú¶ H$m kmZ hmo Omdo Am¡a Cg Amoa MbZo H$m
CgH$m g§H$ën >Ñ‹T> hmo Om¶ Vmo CgH$m OrdZ g’$b hmoZm gw{ZpíMV h¡,
O¡gm {H$ JrVm Ho$ Bg CX²K¥V íbmoH$ ‘| §H$hm J¶m h¡&
dm¶wnwÌ ^r‘ … àmU‘¶ H$moe H$s MoVZ e{º$
dm¶wXodVm g‘{ï>JV àmU H$mo {Zê${nV H$aVo h¡§ Am¡a ^r‘ ì¶{º$ H$s
àmU e{³Ëm H$mo& àmU AÞ‘¶ H$moe H$s àUm{b¶m| H$mo g§Mm{bV H$aZo
dmbr e{º$ h¡& àmU hr eara ‘| ~b H$m g§Mma H$aVm h¡ Am¡a ^r‘ ~b Ho$
‘yV© ê$n h¢& ³¶m|{H$ emar[aH$ ~b Am¡a ^moOZ H$m ghO gå~ÝY h¡, AV:
^r‘ H$mo {dnwb Amhmar Am¡a ‘hm~bembr ~Vbm¶m J¶m h¡& ~MnZ go hr
^rfU H$‘© H$aZodmbm hmoZo go BZH$m Zm‘ "^r‘H$‘m©' Am¡a ~hþ^moOr hmoZo
Ho$ H$maU "d¥H$moXa' (ô{‹S>¶o Ho$ noQ> dmbm, ~hþV ImD$) Zm‘ n‹S>m& bmjmJ¥h
‘| ^ñ‘ hmoZo go ~M {ZH$bZo Ho$ ~mX Hw§$Vr g{hV nm§S>dm| H$mo Hw$N> g‘¶
{^jmÝZ na {Zdm©h H$aZm n‹S>m Wm& dU©Z h¡ {H$ CZ {XZm| {^jm ‘| Omo Hw$N>
CnbãY hmoVm, Hw$ÝVr ‘m± CgH$m AmYm ^mJ ^r‘ H$mo XoH$a eof AmYo ‘|
eof nwÌm| Am¡a AnZm noQ> âVr Wt& do gwñdmXþ Am¡a nm¡{ï>H$ ^moOZ ~ZmZo
Ho$ ^r {deofk Wo Am¡a dZdmg Ho$ Voahd| AkmVê$n go ahZo dmbo df© ‘|
amOm {damQ> Ho$ ¶hm± CÝhm|Z| Omo godm H$m¶© MwZm dh nmH$embm H$m Wm&
^r‘ ‘hmZ ~bembr Wo qH$Vw CÝhm|Zo AnZo ~b H$m h‘oem gwXn¶moJ
hr {H$¶m& bmjmJ¥h H$s KQ>Zm Ho$ ~mX nm§S>dm| Zo ‘mVm g{hV {Og ~«m÷U
Ho$ Ka Aml¶ bo aIm Wm CgH$mo ~H$mgwa amjg H$m ^ú¶ ~ZZo go ~MmZo
Ho$ {bE ‘mVm H$s Amkm go ^r‘ CgHo$ EdO ‘| J¶o Am¡a Cg amjg H$mo
‘maH$a Jm§d dmbm| H$s Cg {dnXm H$m A§V {H$¶m& ^r‘ Zo ‘„¶wÕ ‘| AOo¶
Oamg§Y H$mo, {~Zm eó Ho$db emar[aH$ ~b go VWm {h{S>å~mgwa Am¡a
‘hm~br H$sMH$ H$m H$m‘ V‘m‘ H$a {X¶m Wm&
BZ g~ dU©Zm| Ûmam ^r‘ H$mo àmUH$moe ‘| {H«$¶merb OrdmË‘m H$s
Eogr e{º$ H$m ‘yV© ê$n {M{ÌËm {H$¶m J¶m h¡ Omo gXm Y‘© nmbZ ‘| VËna
h¡&
dm¶wnwÌ ^r‘ H$mo ÌoVm¶wJ Ho$ AnZo AJ«O ndZnwÌ hZw‘mZ go
Amerdm©X Am¡a ~b àmá hmoZo H$s EH$ amoMH$ H$Wm ^r ‘hm^maV ‘| d{U©V

h¡ (dZnd©-A.146 go 151)& Bg H$Wm H$m VmËn¶© ¶h g§Xoe XoVm h¡ {H$
O¡go àmUe{º$ ¶m ~b Ho$ AdVma hZw‘mZ Ho$ OrdZ H$s gmW©H$Vm na‘oída
Ho$ Y‘©ñWmnZm dmbo H$m¶© ‘| ñd¶§ H$mo g‘{n©V H$a XoZo ‘| Wr, (do
"am‘H$mO H$[ado H$mo AmVwa' Wo) , Cgr àH$ma ì¶{º$ Ho$ ~b H$s gmW©H$Vm
na‘oída H$m¶© ‘| (OJV H$mo loð> ~ZmZo ‘|) AnZm ¶moJXmZ H$aZo ‘| h¡&
ì¶{º$ ‘| Eogo hr ~b H$mo ^r‘ Ûmam {Zê${nV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& ì¶{º$ ¶{X
AnZo ~b H$m Eogm gXþn¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE H¥$V g§H$ën hmo Vmo Cgo X¡dr
Amerdm©X ñd‘od àmá hmoVm h¡, ¶hm± ^r ¶h AmídmgZ Bg àg§J Ûmam {X¶m
J¶m h¡&
ÑîQ>ì¶ … OyE Ho$ AÜ¶mË‘ gå~ÝYr d¡{XH$/nm¡am{UH$ gÝX^© … F$JdoX
g§{hVm (1.41.9) ‘| ÚyV Ho$ Aj (nmgm| Ho$ g‘wÀM¶ ¶m goQ>) Ûmam ì¶{³V H$s
‘Zmo~m¡{ÕH$ MoVZm Ho$ ñVam| H$mo B§{JV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& EH$ AÝ¶ ‘ÝÌ (2.29.5) ‘|
ÚyV ê$n ^Q>H$md Ho$ ajm hoVw àmW©Zm H$s JB© h¡& EH$ gånyU© AÜ¶m¶ (gyº$ 10.14)
^r ÚyV Ûmam OrdZ ‘| hmoZo dmbo ^Q>H$md na Am¡a Cggo ~Mmd hoVw àmW©Zm na
Ho$pÝÐV h¡& AWd©doX (7.52.1 go 9, 7.114.3, 12.3.46 Am¡a 52 ‘| ^r Bgr
àH$ma H$s àmW©Zm¶| {H$ h‘mao H$‘© ÚyV ‘| Z Mbo Om¶|, g§J«{hV h¢& A{½Z nwamU
(25.7.49) ‘| AWd©doX Ho$ {df¶ H$mo {dñVma {X¶m J¶m h¡& ñH$ÝX nwamU (1.1.34
d| AÜ¶m¶) ‘| {ed-nmd©Vr H$s ÚyV H«$s‹S>m go, VWm ‘hm^maV ‘| Zb-X‘¶pÝV H$s
H$WmAm| go ^r ÚyV ê$n àH¥${V Ho$ Omb go ‘w³V hmoZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$mo B§{JV
{H$¶m J¶m h¡&)

AO©wZ Am¡a ZHw$b-ghXod … D$Üd©Jm‘r ì¶{º$Ëd
Ho$ ‘Zmo‘¶ Ed§ {dkmZ‘¶ H$moe
BÝÐnwÌ AO©wZ … ‘Zmo‘¶ H$moe ‘| {H«$¶merb MoVZm
AO©wZ ‘Zmo‘¶ H$mof ‘| {H«$¶merb OrdmË‘m H$s MoVZ e{º$ Ho$
àVrH$ h¢& do XodamO BÝÐ Ho$ nwÌ h¢& nwamUm| ‘| BÝÐ H$mo g‘{ï>JV ‘Z H$m
A{Yn{V Xod ‘mZm J¶m h¡& ‘Zwî¶ H$mo ‘Zmo‘¶ H$moe H$s Omo j‘VmE± àmá
hþB© h¢ CÝh| AO©wZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {M{ÌËm {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
‘Zmo‘¶ H$moe AWm©V ‘Z H$s VrZ j‘VmE± à‘wI h¢--BÀN>m, g§H$ën
Am¡a {dMma& BZ j‘VmAm| Ho$ H$maU hr ‘Zwî¶ AÝ¶ àm{U¶m| go loð> h¡
Am¡a dh AHo$bm AWdm gm‘y{hH$ ê$n go {Og bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aZm
MmhVm h¡ Cgo dh BZHo$ Ûmam àmá H$a boVm h¡& AO©wZ BZ JwUm| H$m hr ‘yV©
ê$n h¡&
bú¶ Ho$ à{V EH$mJ«Vm … YZw{d©Úm H$s narjm--{M{‹S>¶m H$s Am±I
H$m bú¶ hmoZo na Am±I Ho$ A{V[aº$ Am¡a Hw$N> Z {XIZo dmbr ‘Z…pñW{V
Ûmam, Am¡a Ðm¡nXr ñd¶§da ‘| XþîH$a bú¶ ôXZ Ho$ {dab H$m¡eb Ho$ ê$n
‘| Xem©¶m J¶m h¡&
EH$ bú¶Vm Ho$ gmW Ñ‹T> g§H$ëne{º$ Ho$ CXmhaU BÝÐ go {Xì¶mó
Am¡a ‘hmXod e§H$a go nmewnV àmá H$aZo hoVw {h‘mb¶ OmH$a Vnñ¶m H$aZo
H$s KQ>ZmE°§ h¢& BÝÐ Zo àH$Q> hmoH$a AO©wZ H$s EH${Zð>Vm H$s narjm boZo
Ho$ {bE ñdJ© Ho$ AZwn‘ gwIm| H$m àbmo^Z {X¶m {H$ÝVw AO©wZ Zo H$hm-"‘¢
^mB©¶m| Am¡a Ðm¡nXr H$mo dZ ‘| N>mo‹S>H$a Am¶m hÿ±& ‘wPo Aóm| Ho$ A{V[aº$
Am¡a Hw$N> Zhr Mm{h¶o&' Bgr àH$ma ‘hmXod e§H$a go ^r CÝhm|Zo {Xì¶mó
Ho$ A{V[aº$ Am¡a HwN> Zht ‘m§Jm& BZ Xodm| Ûmam br JB© narjm ‘| AO©wZ Ho$
g’$b hmoZo na BÝh| {Xì¶mó Vmo {‘bo hr, g’$bVm Ho$ {bE Amerdm©X ^r
{‘bo&
‘Zmo‘¶ H$moe H$s Vrgar j‘Vm {dMma e{º$ H$m CXmhaU JrVm H$s

^y{‘H$m ‘| ñnï> h¡& dhm± AO©wZ {ddoH$ Amoa kmZ go nyd©dmbr, H$V©ì¶mH$V©ì¶
Ho$ gmoM {dMma dmbr, pñW{V ‘| h¡& lrH¥$îU ^r Cgo {dMma Ho$ ñVa na hr
‘mJ© Xe©Z àXmZ H$aVo h¢& do gm§»¶ AWm©V² ì¶{º$ Ho$ {d{^Þ ñVam| H$m
{díbofU (JrVm 2.13 go 25) Am¡a ¶moJ AWm©V² ì¶{º$ H$m g‘{ï> go Omo
Z¡g{J©H$ A{^Þ gå~ÝY h¡ Cgo g‘PmH$a H$V©ì¶~moY H$amVo h¢ (JrVm
2.47 go 53, AÜ¶m¶ 3,4 {deofV… 3.10 go 15) Bgr Ñ{ï> H$mo ~w{Õ ‘| Am¡a
H$‘© ‘| CVmaZo H$s ~mV gånyU© JrVm H$s {df¶dñVw h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ {bE
AOw©Z H$mo hr Cn¶wº$ nmÌ ‘mZm J¶m ³¶m|{H$ dh ‘Zmo‘¶ H$moe (psyche)
H$m ‘yV© ê$n h¡&
nm¡ê$f ê$n AO©wZ Ho$ {hO‹S>m ê$n YmaU H$aZo H$m VÎdmW©… {damQ>
ZJa ‘| AkmV dmg H$mb ‘| AO©wZ ~¥hÞbm Zm‘ go {hO‹S>m ~ZH$a {damQ>
H$Ý¶m CÎmam g{hV {ó¶m| H$mo Z¥Ë¶-g§JrV {gIbmZo Ho$ H$m‘ na {Z¶wº$
hþAm Wm& ¶h ~mV ~‹S>r {d{MÌ bJVr h¡& nm¡ê$f ê$n AO©wZ Ûmam ¶h ê$n
Am¡a H$m¶© J«hU H$aZo Ho$ dU©Z go ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo H$m¡Z go VÎd H$mo B§{JV
{H$¶m h¡? Bg ñdm^m{dH$ àíZ Ho$ g‘mYmZ hoVw ì¶m»¶mH$mam| Am¡a H$WmH$mam|
Zo Hw$N> H$hm{Z¶m± H$hr h¢ qH$Vw do g‘mYmZ àñVwV H$aZo H$s Anojm
VH©$erb ‘Z H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ CbPm XoVr h¢& AV… ¶hm± h‘| ‘hm^maV Ho$
AmYma na hr g‘mYmZ ImoOZo H$m à¶mg H$aZm hmoJm&
àW‘ h‘ AO©wZ Ho$ gånyU© M[aÌ Am¡a "AO©wZ' Zm‘ Ho$ AW© na
{dMma H$a|& AO©wZ=AO©(àmá H$aZm)+CZZ² (D§$MmB©) D§$MmB© J«hU H$aZo
dmbm& AO©wZ H$m nyam M[aÌ ^r Bgr AW© H$mo à{V{~på~V H$aVm h¡& {ejm
J«hU H$aZo ‘|, dMZ nmbZ H$aZo ‘|, nm¡éf ‘|, draVm ‘|, g‘w{MV {dMma
H$aZo ‘|, lrH¥$îU O¡gm {‘Ì MwZZo ‘|, ¶m| H$h| {H$ àË¶oH$ ‘mZdr¶ JwU ‘|
dh gdm©{YH$ D§°$MmB© àmá H$aVm h¡& Bg n[anoú¶ ‘| {damQ> ZJa ‘| AO©wZ
Ûmam Znw§gH$Vm J«hU H$aZo na h‘ {dMma H$a|&
{damQ> ZJa ‘| AO©wZ H$m Zm‘ ~¥hÞbm h¡ {OgH$m AW© h¡ "{dñVma
H$mo àmá hþAm Za' (~¥hÞbm=~¥hV+ Zb/Za)& dñVwV… {damQ> ZJa ‘|
AOw©Z ê$n ‘ZmoMoVZm {dñVma H$mo àmá hmo MwH$s h¡ Am¡a gm‘mÝ¶ àOZZ-
B©fZm (H$m‘dmgZm) dmbr pñW{V go dh D$na CR> MwH$s h¡& Bg gå~ÝY
‘| ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Hw$N> KQ>ZmAm| H$m dU©Z {H$¶m h¡ Omo Bg H$WZ H$s nw{ï>
H$aVr h¢&
BÝÐn«ñW na emgZ Ho$ g‘¶ EH$ {XZ AO©wZ H$mo EH$ ~«m÷U Ho$
Jm¡-YZ H$s ajm H$aZo Ho$ {bE AnZo eó CR>mZo Ho$ {bE ¶w{YpîR>a-Ðm¡nXr
Ho$ ‘hb ‘| àdoe H$aZm nS>m& Bggo nyd© ZmaX Ho$ H$hZo na nm±Mmo ^mB©¶m|
Ho$ ~rM ¶h {Z¶‘ ~Zm Wm {H$ àË¶oH$ ^mB© Ho$ gmW Ðm¡nXr EH$-EH$ df©
ahoJr Am¡a Cg H$mb ‘| AÝ¶ H$moB© ^mB© Ðm¡nXr Ho$ H$j ‘| àdoe Zht H$aoJm&
{Z¶‘ ^§J Ho$ àm¶píMV ñdê$n AO©wZ Zo 12 df© H$s dZ¶mÌm na OmZo H$m
{ZíM¶ {H$¶m& ¶w{Y{ð>a Zo AOw©Z Ho$ Bg {ZíM¶ H$mo {Z¶‘ H$r ^mdZm Ho$
AZwê$n Zht ‘mZm qH$Vw AO©wZ Zht ‘mZo& do VrW© Xe©Z H$aVo hþE J§JmÛma
(dV©‘mZ h[aÛma) nhþ§Mo& J§Jm ‘| ñZmZ H$aVo g‘¶ ZmJ amOHw$‘mar Cbynr
Zo AO©wZ H$m haU H$a {b¶m& n[aUm‘V… AO©wZ H$mo EH$ amÌr Ho$ {bE
Cggo {ddmh H$aZm n‹S>m(nwÌ hþAm BamdmZ)& V~ AZoH$ VrWmªo H$m Xe©Z
H$aVo hþE do ‘{Unwa nh§þMo& dhm± Ho$ amOm {MÌdmhZ H$s BH$bm¡Vr nwÌr
{MÌm§JXm go {ddmh H$aZo H$s CZH$s BÀN>m hþB©& amOm Zo Bg eV© Ho$ gmW
nwÌr H$m {ddmh H$a {X¶m {H$ AO©wZ {MÌm§JXm H$mo Am¡a CgH$mo hmoZo dmbo
nwÌ H$mo AnZo Xoe Zht bo Om gH|$Jo& AO©wZ dhm± 3 df© aho (nwÌ hþAm
d^«wdmhZ)& níMmV² ^«‘U H$aVo hþE do ÛmaH$m nhþ§Mo& dhm± dgwXod nwÌr
(lrH¥$îU ~bam‘ H$s ~{hZ) gw^Ðm H$mo OrdZ gmWr ~Zm¶m(nwÌ hþAm
A{^‘Ý¶w)& BZ VrZ {ddmhm| ‘| H«${‘H$ {dH$mg H$s EH$ PbH$ ñnï>
{XIVr h¡& ¶o {ddmh àH¥${V ào[aV dmgZm Ho$ H«$‘e… V‘, aO, gV ê$nm|
H$mo ì¶º$ H$aVo h¢& {damQ> ZJa ‘| AO©wZ H$s H$m‘-‘w{º$ dmbr gdm}ÀM
AdñWm H$mo Xem©¶m J¶m h¡& AkmVdmg H$s Ad{Y g‘má hmoZo na O~
amOm {damQ> H$mo AnZo nwÌ go ¶h nVm Mbm {H$ H$m¡adm| go Jm¡Am| H$mo
~¥hÞbm ê$n AO©wZ Zo Nw>‹S>m¶m Wm Am¡a CZHo$ ¶hm± nm§S>d N>X²‘ ê$n YmaU
H$aHo$ n[aMmaH$m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| ah aho Wo Vmo amOm Zo j‘m ¶mMZ H$aVo hþE nwÌr
CÎmam H$mo AO©wZ go ã¶mhZo H$m àñVmd {H$¶m qH$Vw AO©wZ Zo Cg {ddmh

àñVmd H$mo AnZo {bE ñdrH$ma Z H$aVo hþE nwÌ A{^‘Ý¶w Ho$ {bE ‘mo‹S>
{X¶m& ñnï> hr ¶h KQ>Zm AO©wZ H$s gVmoJwUr, H$m‘ go nao H$s, AdñWm
H$s ÚmoVH$ h¡ {Ogo ~¥hÞbm Zm‘ Am¡a ôf go B§{JV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
Cnamoº$ {ZîH$f© H$s nw{ï> Bg ~mV go ^r hmoVr h¡ {H$ {damQ> ZJa Ho$
AkmVdmg go nyd© BÝÐ Am¡a ^JdmZ e§H$a go {Xì¶mó àmá H$aZo hoVw
AO©wZ XrK©H$m{bH$ Vnñ¶m g’$bVm nyd©H$ nyU© H$a MwH$m Wm& H$m‘dmgZm
go Cna CR>o {~Zm Eogm Vn H$aZm g§^d Zht h¡&
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo dmñVd ‘| AO©wZ Ho$ M[aÌ {MÌU Ûmam Z Ho$db
‘Zmo‘¶ H$mof H$mo {Zê${nV {H$¶m h¡, daZ² CgHo$ {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$
gånyU© Pm§H$s h‘mao g‘j àñVwV H$s h¡&
ApídZr Xodm| Ho$ nwÌ ZHw$b-ghXod … ‘Zwî¶ H$mo àmß¶ kmZ-
{dkmZ H$s e{º$¶m±
d¡{XH$ Am¡a nm¡am{UH$ gm{hË¶ ‘| ApídZ Xodm| H$mo ¶‘b(Ow‹S>dm±)
‘mZm J¶m h¡& BZ ¶‘b Xodm| Ho$ EH$b AmdmhZ go ‘mÐr H$mo ZHw$b Am¡a
ghXod Xmo ¶‘b nwÌ gmW CËnÞ hþE Wo& h‘ XoI MwHo$ h¢ {H$ ‘mVm ‘mÐr
nam àH¥${V H$s ÚmoVH$ h¢& ApídZ Xod {H$g e{º$ Ho$ ÚmoVH$ h¡, A~ Bg
na {dMma H$a|&
‘hm^maV ‘| hr ^y{‘H$m H$WmAm| Ho$ AÝVJ©V Cn‘Ý¶w H$s H$Wm h¡&
Cgo A§YËd go C~maZo hoVw Jwê$ Zo ApídZrHw$‘ma Xodm| H$s F$½doX Ho$
‘ÝÌm|dmbr ñVw{V H$aZo H$m {ZX©oe {X¶m V~ Cn‘Ý¶w Zo Omo ñVw{V H$s h¡
Cg‘| CÝh| "nmabm¡{H$H$ CÞ{V Ho$ gmYZ' (1.3.58), "n§M^yVm| H$m
(~m¡{ÕH$) kmZ' (íbmoH$ 64), Am¡a "gZmVZ gË¶ H$m kmZ'(íbmoH$
67) H$amZodmbo H$hm h¡&
ApídZ (Aíd+BZ²) H$m eãXmW© h¡ KmoS>m| H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo
dmbm& H$R>mon{ZfX (1.3.4) H$s à{gÕ C{º$ h¡ "BpÝÐ¶m{U h¶mZ² Amhÿ…'-
BpÝÐ¶m| H$mo Kmo‹S>o H$hm OmVm h¡& BpÝÐ¶| 11 h¢ {OZ‘| ½¶mahdt BpÝÐ¶ ‘Z
h¡ Am¡a Bg‘| kmZopÝÐ¶m| Am¡a H$‘©opÝÐ¶mo§ na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZo H$s j‘Vm h¡

Am¡a ‘Z na ~w{Õ go Am¡a ~w{Õ na naV… (AË¶ÝV nao-AZw^y{V H$Vm©
e{º$ go AWdm àkm Ûmam {Z¶ÝÌU hmoVm h¡ (JrVm 3.42)& AV… ApídZ
Xod ‘Z na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZo dmbr "~w{Ó Am¡a àkm' e{º$ H$mo {Zê${nV
H$aVo h¢&
ApídZm¡ eãX doX (F$-1.34) ‘| {ÛdMZ ‘| à¶wº$ h¡ Am¡a Zm‘ Xg«
VWm ZmgË¶ H$ho J¶o h¢& Cn‘Ý¶w H$s Cnamoº$ ñVw{V ‘| ^r BÝh| BÝht Zm‘m|
go gå~mo{YV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& ZHw$b "Xò' H$m A§e h¡ Am¡a ghXod "ZmgË¶'
H$m& "Xò' eãX H$m (d¡{XH$ g§ñH¥$V ‘|) AW© h¡ "XjVm bmZo dmbm' Am¡a
"ZmgË¶ H$m AW© h¡ Omo AgË¶ Zht h¡' AWm©V² "gË¶'& AV… d¡{XH$
gÝX^© go ¶o Xod Xmo àH$ma H$s kmZ e{º$¶m| Ho$ àVrH$ h¡§ Am¡a ¶o ¶w½‘ Xod
kmZ e{º$ Ho$ {OZ Xmo ê$nm| H$mo {Zê${nV H$aVo h¢ CZH$s {d{eï> nhMmZ
h‘ Bg àH$ma H$a gH$Vo h¢-
ghXod "ZmgË¶' Ho$ A§e h¢ AV… ¶h gË¶ H$s AZw^y{V H$amZodmbr
àkm MoVZm h¡ {OgHo$ ~mao ‘| JrVm Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ H$‘©¶moJ H$s {g{Õ Ho$
CnamÝV Cg kmZ H$mo VÎdXeu Jwê$ go àmá H$aZm hmoJm(4.34)& Xÿgao
^mB© ZHw$b XjVm àXmZ H$aZo dmbo d¡{XH$ Xod "Xò' Ho$ A§e hmoZo go ¶h
gm§gm[aH$ H$m¶mªo ‘| XjVm àXmZ H$aZo dmbr ~m¡{ÕH$ kmZ e{º$ H$mo
{Zê${nV H$aVo h¢& ¶hm± kmZ Ho$ gå~ÝY go 'XjVm' H$m {deof AW© h¡ Omo
JrVm ‘| g‘Pm¶m J¶m h¡& JrVm ‘| EH${Zð>, g‘Ëd (holistic gånyU©Ëd
na pñWV) ~w{Õ H$mo ¶moJ H$hH$a (2.41 go 48) ¶moJ H$mo H$‘mªo ‘|
Hw$ebVm AWm©V² XjVm H$hm J¶m h¡(2.50)& g§ñH¥$V ‘| "g‘'H$m EH$
AW© g‘mZ Adí¶ h¡, {H$ÝVw ¶hm± Xÿgam AW© "Hw$b/gånyU©/¶moJ(Q>moQ>b)
A{^àoV h¡, 'Omo g‘{ï> eãX ‘| {Z{hV h¡ Am¡a ¶hr ¶hm± Cn¶wº$ h¡&
dñVwV… g‘Ëd ~w{Õ Am¡a ~w{Õ¶moJ H$m AW© h¡ {Z…ñdmW©/gd©{hV ‘| aV
~w{Õ& Bg àH$ma H$s ~w{Õ hmoZo na Omo H$‘© hm|Jo CZgo ~ÝYZ Zht hmoJm,
daZ² do ì¶{º$ Ho$ gr{‘V Ah§H$ma (ego) Ho$ JbZ ‘| ^r ghm¶H$ hm|Jo&
Bgr H$mo "H$‘mªo ‘| Hw$ebVm/XjVm' H$hm J¶m h¡& BgH$m VmËn¶« ¶h h¡ {H$
ZHw$b Cg {Zð>mdmZ ~w{Õ H$mo {Zê${nV H$aVo h¢ Omo ñdmW© go ào[aV Z

hmoH$a gd© {hVH$mar H$‘mªo H$m AWm©V² H$‘©¶moJ H$m AmYma h¡&
BZ g§Ho$VmWmªo H$s nw{ï>,BZ nmÌm| Ho$ e§Im| Ho$ Zm‘m| go Vmo hmoVr hr h¡
{OgH$s {ddoMZm h‘ nhbo H$a MwHo$ h¢, {damQ> ZJa ‘| AkmVdmg Ho$ g‘¶
BZ nmÌm| Ûmam J«hU {H$¶o J¶o godm joÌm| go ^r hmoVr h¡& ¶hm± ZHw$b H$m
Zm‘ J«§{WH$ h¡ Am¡a dh Aídm{YH$mar h¡& Aíd ê$n BpÝÐ¶m| H$m {Z¶§ÌU
(J«§WZ) ~w{Õ Ûmam hmoVm h¡& ghXod Jm¡Am| Ho$ A{YH$mar h¢ Am¡a ¶hm± BÝhm|Zo
Vm§{Vnmb (Jm¡ajH$)Zm‘ J«hU {H$¶m h¡& Jm¡ H$m EH$ AW© h¡"àH$me {H$aU'
¶m "kmZ apí‘'& AV… ghXod kmZ-apí‘¶m| Ho$ ajH$ h¡ AWm©V² do
AZw^y{VOÝ¶ kmZ H$mo {Zê${nV H$aVo h¢&
{ZîH$f© ¶h {H$ ZHw$b Am¡a ghXod ‘Zwî¶ H$mo àmß¶ {dkmZ‘¶
H$moe AWm©V² kmZ e{º$ H$s Xmo pñW{V¶m|--~w{ÕOÝ¶ kmZ (nag§doXr
kmZ, Xÿgam| go gwZH$a àmá kmZ H$mo), Am¡a AZw^y{VOÝ¶ kmZ (ñdg§doXr
kmZ) H$mo H«$‘e… {Zê${nV H$aVo h¢&

gy¶©nwÌ H$U© … Ah‘² ê$n OrdmË‘m
H$m An[an³d ê$n
(H${Vn¶ à{gÕ gm{hpË¶H$ H¥${V¶m|--CXmhaUmW© "‘¥Ë¶wÄO¶'--
‘| H$U© Ho$ M[aÌ H$mo ~hþV D±$MmB© àXmZ H$s JB© h¡& gm‘m{OH$ AÝ¶m¶ go
nr{‹S>V ‘mZH$a {H$¶m J¶m dh EH$ göX¶ {MÌU h¡& dh àñVw{V h‘mar
g§doXZmAm| H$mo OJmVr ^r à~b ê$n go h¡, {H$ÝVw h‘mam ‘V h¡ {H$ dhm±
‘hm^maV H$m H$U© Zht h¡& ‘hm^maV h‘‘| AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ OmJ«{V hmo Bg hoVw
go {bIm J¶m J«ÝW h¡& ‘hm^maV H$m H$U© gy¶© H$m nwÌ h¡ Am¡a {Xì¶ H$dM
VWm Hw§$S>bm| g{hV CgH$m OÝ‘ hþAm h¡ {OgH$s ‘mZdr¶ ì¶m»¶m Z Vmo
dhm± H$s JB© h¡ Am¡a Z d¡gm {H$¶m OmZm g§^d hr Wm& dñVwV… ¶o
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ àVrH$ h¢& dñVwV… ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo H$U© Am¡a AÝ¶ nmÌm| H$s
aMZm AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ gË¶m| H$mo àH$m{eV H$aZo Ho$ hoVw go H$s h¡& h‘|
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ J«ÝWm§o ‘| d{U©V nmÌm| Ho$ AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ AWmªo H$m AÝdofZ
H$aZm Mm{h¶o {OgH$m EH$ jwÐ à¶mg h‘ ¶hm± H$a aho h¢&)
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo H$U© Ho$ ê$n ‘| {Og nmÌ H$mo àñVwV {H$¶m h¡ dh
{d{MÌVmAm| H$m ‘hmg§J‘ h¡& dh gy¶© H$m nwÌ h¡, {Xì¶ H$dM Am¡a Hw$ÊS>b
g{hV CgH$m OÝ‘ hþAm h¡& Cgo ~m{bH$m Hw$ÝVr H$mo gy¶© Zo {~Zm CgH$s
BÀN>m Ho$ AnZo VoO go àXmZ {H$¶m Wm Am¡a VËH$mb CËnÞ Cg ~mbH$
H$mo Hw$ÝVr Ho$ Ûmam Ë¶mJ {X¶m OmH$a dh g‘mO Ho$ EH$ {nN>‹S>o "gyV'
n[adma Ûmam nmbm J¶m Wm& gy¶© nwÌ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU dh draVm, nm¡éf,
XmZerbVm Am{X H$B© ‘hmZ JwUm| go Vmo gånÝZ hþAm {H$ÝVw gm§ñH¥${VH$
n[adoe go d§{MV n[adma ‘| nmbZ nmofU Ho$ H$maU g§¶moJde {‘br
n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo ghO ê$n go ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg dh
Zht H$a nmVm h¡ Am¡a B©î¶m©-Ûof go âH$a Xwï>m| H$s Q>mobr ‘o| em{‘b hmo
AY‘© H$m nmofH$ ~Z OmVm h¡& h‘ {dMma H$ao§ {H$ Bg ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ nhby
Ho$ A{V[aº$ Bg nmÌ Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo ³¶m Hw$N> AmÜ¶mpË‘H$
VÏ¶m| na ^r àH$me S>mbm h¡?
H$U© Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go Hw$N> AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ VÏ¶m| na àH$me
Cº$ àíZ H$m CÎma nmÌ H$mo àVrH$ ‘mZZo na {‘b nmVm h¡ Am¡a Bg
hoVw go hr ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo CgHo$ OÝ‘ H$s H$Wm H$mo Abm¡{H$H$ ñdê$n
àXmZ {H$¶m h¡& dñVwV… ¶hm°§ gy¶© H$mo na‘mË‘m H$s Aì¶¶ AZÝV MoVZ/
kmZ e{º$ H$m àVrH$ ~Zm¶m J¶m h¡ Am¡a H$U© Ho$ Ûmam na‘mË‘m Ho$ A§e
go EH$ An[an³d Ah‘² ê$n OrdmË‘m Ho$ àmXþ^m©d H$mo {Zê${nV {H$¶m J¶m
h¡& g¥{ï> ‘| na‘mË‘m H$s MoVZ e{º$ Ho$ O¡{dH$ {dH$mg Ho$ ê$n ‘| OmJaU
Ho$ H«$‘ ‘| OrdmË‘m Ho$ CX²^d Ho$ àmW{‘H$ MaU H$mo H$U© Ho$ OÝ‘ H$o$ê$n
‘| {Zê${nV [H$¶m J¶m h¡& MoVZm ‘| Ah‘² AWm©V² "‘¢ h±ÿ' Bg ^md H$s
OmJ«{V hr ‘mZd H$mo AÝ¶ àm{U¶m| H$s Anojm Bg ê$n ‘| loð> ~ZmVr h¡ {H$
Bg Ho$ H$maU eara H$s ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ gmW OrdmË‘-MoVZm {dbrZ Zht hmoVr
Am¡a nwZO©Ý‘ à{H«$¶m Ûmam OrdmË‘m H$mo {dH$mg nW CnbãY hmoVm h¡&
‘Zwî¶ ê$n ‘| OrdmË‘m H$s {dH$mg ¶mÌm ^r àH¥${V ‘mVm Ho$ gamoH$ma go
AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡& ‘mVm Ho$ Xþbma go d§{MV hmoZo na OrdmË‘m H$m ~moY {dH$mg
H¡$go ~m{YV hmo OmVm h¡, Bgo H$U© Ho$ M[aÌ go àX{e©V {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
H$U© eó {dÚm ‘|, draVm ‘o| Am¡a nm¡éfVm ‘| AO©wZ go H$‘ Zht Wm
Am¡a Hw$N> JwUm| ‘| Vmo Cgo A{ÛVr¶ {Zê${nV {H$¶m J¶m h¡, CXmhaUmW©
XmZerbVm ‘|& {H$ÝVw g§ñH$ma {ejm go d§{MV ahZo Ho$ H$maU CgH$m Ah‘²
BVZm An[an³d ah J¶m {H$ CgHo$ H$maU CgHo$ Cƒ JwUm| H$m Cn¶moJ Z
Vmo CgHo$ ñd¶§ Ho$ OrdZ H$mo Am¡a Z hr {H$Ýht AÝ¶ Ho$ OrdZ H$mo CƒVm
àXmZ H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmo nm¶m& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| H$U© Ho$ Ah§H$ma H$s
VwbZm ^rî‘ Ho$ Ah§H$ma, {OgH$s {ddoMZm h‘ boI‘mbm Ho$ àW‘ ^mJ ‘|
H$a MwHo$ h¢, go H$aZm h‘mao {b¶o Cn¶moJr hmo gH$Vm h¡&
H$U© Am¡a ^rî‘ ‘mZd ‘| Ah‘² Ho$ àmapå^H$ Am¡a A§{V‘ MaU
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo H$U© Am¡a ^rî‘ BZ Xmo M[aÌm| Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go ‘Zwî¶
Ho$ Ah§H$ma ‘w{º$ nW H$o Xmo AÝË¶ N>moa H$m {Zê$nU {H$¶m h¡& ¶o XmoZm| nmÌ
OrdmË‘m ê$n Ah‘² VÎd H$s {dH$mg ¶mÌm Ho$ àmapå^H$ Am¡a ApÝV‘ {gam|
H$m {MÌU H$aVo h¢& Bg ¶mÌm H$m àmaå^ JhZ Ah§H$ma go hmoVm h¡ Omo
H$U© H$s pñW{V go {Zê${nV H$s JB© h¡ Am¡a AÝV H$mo ^rî‘ H$s pñW{V go&
^rî‘ na Ah§H$ma H$m BVZm PrUm AmdaU ah J¶m Wm {H$ ¶wÕ Ho$ Zd|
{XZ lrH¥$îU Ho$ EH$ g§Ho$V â go Xÿa hmo J¶m Wm& g§Ho$V Wm lrH¥$îU Ûmam
AnZr eó Z CR>mZo H$s à{Vkm Vmo‹S>Zm& O~ lrH¥$îU Zo AOw©Z H$s ajm
hoVw AnZr àVrkm Vmo‹S>H$a eó CR>m¶m Vmo ^rî‘ H$mo kmZ hmo J¶m {H$ ‘¢
(^rî‘) AnZr à{Vkm Ho$ Ah§H$ma ‘| ’§$gH$a H¡$go AY‘u H$m¡ad nj H$m
g§ajU H$a ahm h±y O~{H$ lrH¥$îU Zo Y‘© nj H$s ajm Ho$ {b¶o Am¡a ‘wPo
(^rî‘ H$mo) ^r Ah§H$ma go ‘wº$ hmoZo H$m g§Ho$V XoZo Ho$ {bE, {~Zm EH$
jU H$m {dbå~ {H$¶o, AnZr à{Vkm Vmo‹S> H$a eó CR>m {b¶m Wm& BgHo$
~mX ^rî‘ Zo {H$g àH$ma AnZo H$V©ì¶ H$mo nhMmZm BgH$m {ddaU ^rî‘
àH$aU ‘| {X¶m Om MwH$m h¡&
Xÿgar Amoa, H$U© H$m Ah§H$ma BVZm KZr^yV Wm {H$ CgZo CgH$s
~w{Õ H$mo Z Ho$db Y‘©-AY‘© ‘§o ôX H$aZo ‘o§ Aj‘ ~Zm {X¶m, Cgo amJ
Ûof Ho$ JhZ JV© ‘| ^r YHo$b {X¶m& dh AO©wZ go Ho$db Bg{b¶o Ûof H$aVm
h¡ {H$ AO©wZ go dh AnZo H$mo loð> {gÕ H$aZm MmhVm Wm {H$ÝVw D±$M-
ZrM Om{V ôX H$s gm‘m{OH$ ‘mÝ¶Vm¶| Cgo ‘m¡H$m Zhr§ XoVr§& ¶h Ho$db
EH$ g§¶moJ Wm {H$ AO©wZ H$mo amOHw$‘ma Ho$ ê$n ‘| Am¡a H$U© H$mo gyV-nwÌ
Ho$ ê$n ‘| gm‘m{OH$ ‘mÝ¶Vm {‘br Wr, Am¡a Bg‘| AO©wZ H$s ñd¶§ H$s
H$moB© ^y{‘H$m Zht Wr qH$Vw H$U© H$mo Xmo {^Þ Adgamo§ na EH$, eó H$m¡eb
àXe©Z Ho$ Am¶moOZ na Am¡a Xÿgao, Ðm¡nXr ñd¶§da Ho$ Adga na ^r, Cgo
à{V¶mo{JVm go d§{MV ahZm n‹S>m Wm, Am¡a Bggo CnOo jmo^ Zo Cgo
AH$maU hr AO©wZ Ho$ à{V Ûof go BVZm â {X¶m {H$ ‘hm^maV ¶wÕ
àmaå^ hmoZo Ho$ Hw$N> nhbo O~ Hww§$Vr Zo H$U© Ho$ nmg OmH$a Cgo AnZm nwÌ
hmoZo H$m ahñ¶ ImobH$a AnZo nm±Mm| nm§S>d ^mB©¶m| Ho$ OrdZ H$r ajm H$s
¶mMZm H$s Vmo CgZo Ho$db ¶h dMZ {X¶m {H$ dh AO©wZ H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a
AÝ¶ Mma ^mB©¶m| H$mo Vmo Zht ‘maoJm qH$Vw AO©wZ go {ZU©m¶H$ ¶wÕ Adí¶
H$aoJm {Og‘| ¶m Vmo AO©wZ Or{dV ~MoJm ¶m dh ñd¶§& dñVwV… H$U© Ho$
à{V Omo AÝ¶m¶ hþAm Wm CgH$m H$maU g‘mO H$s JbV YmaUm¶| Wt

{OgHo$ {dê$Õ CgZo H$moB© AmdmO Zht CR>mB© Am¡a AO©wZ Ho$ à{V Vmo Jham
Xmof ‘Z ‘| ~¡R>m¶m hr, nm§S>dm| go eÌwVm aIZo dmbo Xþ¶m©oYZ H$s Mm§S>mb
Mm¡H$‹S>r H$m gXñ¶ ~ZH$a nm§S>dm| Ho$ à{V CZHo$ OKÝ¶ f‹S>¶ÝÌm| ‘| ^r
g{H«$¶ gh¶moJr ~Zm& Bgr àH$ma ^rî‘ H$s, nm§S>dm| Ho$ à{V Z¡{VH$ H$maUm|
go Omo ghmZw^y{V Wr CgH$mo bú¶ H$aHo$ dh ^rî‘ Ho$ à{V ^r Eogm Ûof
aIZo bJm {H$ nhbo amOm {damQ> H$s Jm¡-haU ¶wÕ Ho$ g‘¶ VWm ~mX ‘|
‘hm^maV ¶wÕ Ho$ g‘¶ ^r O~ O~ H$m¡ad goZm Ho$ goZmn{V ^rî‘ aho, dh
H$m¡ad nj Ho$ à{V nyar Vah go d’$mXma ahVo hþE ^r ¶wÕm| ‘| CgZo AnZo
H$mo Xÿa aIm& {ZîH$f© ¶h {H$ CgH$m Ûof BVZm JhZ Wm {H$ CgH$s H$m¡ad
nj Ho$ à{V Omo d’$mXmar Wr Cggo H$ht A{YH$ à~b ^rî‘ Ho$ à{V
CgH$m Ûof Wm& H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Cgo g§¶moJde Omo n[apñW{V¶|
{‘br Wr Cggo CËnÞ jmo^ Zo CgHo$ A§Yo Ah‘ go {‘bH$a CgHo$ ~w{Õ-
{ddoH$ H$mo nyU©V… AmÀN>m{XV H$a {X¶m Wm&
gmam§ e ¶h {H$ Ah§ H $ma ¶{X KZm hmo Vmo g§ ¶ mo J de {‘br
n[apñW{V¶m± Cgo {dM{bV H$a XoVr h¡§ Am¡a Ah§H$ma CgH$o$ ~w{Õ/{ddoH$
H$mo ‹T>H$H$a Cgo AY‘© ê$n nVZ Ho$ ‘mJ© na YHo$b gH$Vm h¡, BgH$m
{MÌU H$U© Ho$ OrdZ M[aÌ ‘| ^br^m§{V hþAm h¡& n[apñW{Vde AnZr
¶mo½¶Vm àXe©Z H$m ‘m¡H$m Z {‘bZo H$s KQ>ZmAm| Zo CgHo$ Ah§H$mar ‘Z H$mo
^r H$Qw>Vm Am¡a amJÛof go Eogm â {X¶m Wm {H$ Xþ¶m©oYZ go CnH¥$V hmoH$a
dh nm§S>dm| Ho$ {dê$Õ Cg XþîQ> Ho$ àË¶oH$ f‹S>¶ÝÌ Am¡a Hw$Mmbm| ‘| à‘wI
gh¶moJr ~Z J¶m& nm§S>dm| H$mo dmaUmdV {Ôdm dhm± bmjmJ¥h ‘| CÝho| Obm
H$a ‘ma S>mbZo Ho$ {KZm¡Zo à¶mg ‘|, OwAo H$m Hy$Q> aMH$a nm§S>dm| go CZHo$
Ûmam {dH${gV {H$¶o J¶o BÝÐàñW Ho$ gm‘«mÁ¶ H$mo byQ> boZo Ho$ f‹S>¶ÝÌ ‘|
CgH$s g{H«$¶ ^y{‘H$m H$mo, Ðm¡nXr Mra haU H$s KQ>Zm ‘| CgH$m gh¶moJ
Am¡a Cg g‘¶ ~mobo J¶oo CgHo$ A{eï> dMZm| H$mo, nmnnyU© VarHo$ go
{Z…eó A{^‘Ý¶w Ho$ dY ‘| CgH$s ^y{‘H$m Am{X Eogr AZoH$m| KQ>ZmAm|
H$mo {M{ÌV H$aHo$ ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo ‘mZd OrdZ Ho$ Bgr nj H$mo COmJa
{H$¶m h¡&

H$U© Ho$ H$dM/Hw$ÊS>bmoo§ H$m àVrH$mW©
H$U© OrdmË‘m Ho$ CX²^d H$m àVrH$ h¡ Bgo B§{JV H$aZo Ho$ {bE
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Xmo A{V[aº$ àVrH$m| H$s ^r aMZm H$s h¡& OÝ‘ go hr H$U©
{Xì¶ H$dM Am¡a Hw$ÊS>bm| go {d^y{fV Wm Omo CgHo$ OrdZ Ho$ {bE AË¶ÝV
‘hËdnyU© Wo ¶h ^r dU©Z {H$¶m J¶m h¡& AmB©¶o BZ àVrH$mWmªo H$m AÝdofZ
H$a|&
H$dM àVrH$ h¡ gwajm H$m& d¡{XH$ Am¡a nm¡am{UH$ gm{hË¶ ‘| AZoH$
àH$ma Ho$ H$dMmo§ Ho$ {bE àmW©Zm¶| h¢ AWdm CZHo$ C„oI h¢ {OZ‘| F$½doX,
AWd©doX, Îm¡Îmar¶ g§{hVm Am¡a Îm¡Var¶ AmaÊ¶H$ Ho$ H$moB© 25 g§X^©
"nwamU {df¶ AZwH«$‘{UH$m' ‘| {d{nZ Hw$‘ma d amYm Jwám Zo g§H${bV {H$¶o
h¢& BZHo$ A{V[aº$ nwamUm| ‘| "Zmam¶U H$dM', "am‘ajm ñVmoÌ' O¡gr
AZoH$ aMZmE§ h¢ {OZHo$ {ZË¶ nmR> ^r {H$¶o OmVo h¢& BZH$m AdbmoH$Z
H$aZo na kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ H$dM àVrH$ h¡ Cg gwajm ì¶dñWm H$m {OgH$s
Amdí¶H$Vm OrdmË‘m H$mo CgH$s {dH$mg ¶mÌm Ho$ àË¶oH$ n‹S>md na hmoVr
h¡& OrdmË‘m O¡go O¡go {dH$mg nW na AJ«ga hmoVm h¡, d¡go d¡go dh nyd©
H$dM H$mo N>mo‹S> Z¶m H$dM YmaU H$aVm h¡& Cgo CgH$s ¶mÌm Ho$ àË¶oH$
n‹S>md na EH$ Z¶m H$dM {‘bVm h¡ {Ogo dh V~ VH$ YmaU H$aVm h¡ O~
VH$ dh AJbr pñW{V àmá H$aZo ¶mo½¶ Z hmo Omdo& Bgo h‘ h‘mao dV©‘mZ
OrdZ Ho$ AZw^d go ^r g‘P gH$Vo h¢& OrdZ Ho$ à{V h‘mar Ñ{ï>/g‘P
^r h‘| EH$ g‘¶ gr‘m Ho$ {bE ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa na gwajm àXmZ H$aVr h¡
Am¡a h‘ Cgo ~XbVo hþE hr OrdZ H$s {dH$mg ¶mÌm ‘| AmJo ~‹T>Vo h¢& Cº$
J«ÝWm| ‘| {OZ AZoH$ H$dMm| H$m dU©Z hþAm h¡ CZ‘| ApÝV‘ H$dM H$mo ~«÷
H$dM H$hm J¶m h¡ {OgH$m VmËn¶© h¡ OrdmË‘m H$mo ~«÷^md H$s àm{á Omo
Cgo Xþ…IàX g§gma ‘| AmdmJ‘Z Ho$ ^¶ go gXm Ho$ {bE gwajm àXmZ H$a
XoVr h¡& {ZîH$f© ¶h {H$ H$U© H$mo OÝ‘ go hr H$dM àmá hmoZo H$m Omo dU©Z
h¡ CgH$m VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ OrdmË‘m H$mo CgH$s {dH$mg ¶mÌm ‘| O~ O¡gr
AmÝV[aH$ gwajm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡ dh Cgo B©ídar¶ {dYmZmZwgma
{‘bVr OmVr h¡& dñVwV… OrdmË‘m H$mo nwZO©Ý‘ à{H«$¶m H$s Omo gm¡JmV

{‘br h¡ dh ^r CgHo$ AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ bú¶ àm{á hoVw àXmZ
{H$¶m J¶m EH$ H$dM hr h¡&
Hw§$S>b n«VrH$ h¡ OrdmË‘m H$mo Cnamoº$ bú¶ àmá H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o
àXmZ H$s JB© kmZ Am¡a H$‘© H$s Xmo j‘Vm¶|& ^mJdV nwamU (12.11.12)
‘| ^r H$hm J¶m h¡ {H$ ^JdmZ ñd¶§ ^r gm§»¶ (AWm©V² kmZ) Am¡a ¶moJ
‹(AWm©V² H$‘©¶moJ) ê$n Xmo ‘H$amH¥$V Hw$ÊS>b YmaU H$aVo h¢& nX²‘ nwamU
(5.99.18) ‘| H$hm J¶m h¡ {H$ O‹S> Am^yfUm| H$s Cnojm H$aHo$ gË¶ d
Y‘© AWm©V² kmZ Am¡a H$‘© ê$n Hw§$S>bm| H$mo YmaU H$aZm Mm{h¶o& ‘hm^maV
H$s ^y{‘H$m H$WmAm| Ho$ AÝVJ©V d{U©V CÎm§H$ H$s H$Wm ‘| ^r VjH$ ZmJ
(AWm©V² Ah§H$ma) Ûmam Hw§$S>b Mwam boZo, VWm AÝ¶ H$B© nm¡am{UH$ H$WmAm|
‘| ^r Hw§$S>b BÝht e{º$¶m|/j‘VmAm| Ho$ àVrH$ ê$n ‘§o d{U©V {H$¶o J¶o h¢&
H$U© Ho$ M[aÌ Ûmam ‘hm^maVH$ma H$m h‘mao {bE gÝXoe
H$U© Ho$ Hw§$S>b g{hV OÝ‘ boZo Ho$ dU©Z H$m VmËn¶© ¶h h¡ {H$
ì¶{º$ H$mo kmZ Am¡a H$‘© H$s Omo Xmo j‘Vm¶| àmá hþB© h¢ BZ XmoZm| H$m
g‘w{MV Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ hr OrdZ H$mo D$Üd©Jm‘r ~Zm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
{H$gr EH$ Ho$ ^r A^md ‘| OrdZ bú¶À¶wV hmo OmVm h¡& JrVm, ^mJdV,
am‘m¶U, ¶moJdm{eð> g{hV g^r d¡{XH$ ‘mJ© Ho$ J«ÝWm| H$m ¶hr gma h¡
{Ogo ‘hm^maV-JmWm ‘| H$U© Ho$ M[aÌ Ûmam ^r B§{JV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& H$U©
‘| H$‘© H$s AX²^wV j‘Vm h¡& eó {dÚm H$s CgZo Eogr gmYZm H$s h¡ {H$
Bg joÌ ‘| CgH$m H$moB© gmZr Zht h¡ {H$ÝVw kmZ H$mo CgHo$ Ah§H$ma Zo
nyU©V… T>H$ {X¶m h¡ {OgHo$ H$maU Xþï> Xþ¶m©oYZ H$s g§JV ‘| n‹S>H$a dh
AY‘© H$m nmofH$ ~Z J¶m& dñVwV… Bg M[aÌ Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go h‘| ¶h
~Vbm¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ OrdZ ‘| kmZ Am¡a H$‘© H$o$g‘Ýd¶ go hr OrdZ H$mo
ghr {Xem Am¡a g’$bVm àmá hmo gH$Vr h¡ VWm kmZ H$m ^jU H$a boZm
dmbm à~b eÌw h¡ Ah§H$ma {Oggo h‘| gXm gmdYmZ ahZm hmoJm&

Ðm¡nXr Am¡a gw^Ðm … ew^H$‘m© ‘Zwî¶ H$mo ‘m¶m
Am¡a ^{º$ H$s ‘§JbH$mar ^|Q>
Ðm¡nXr H$m M[aÌ {d{MÌVmAm| Am¡a {dnarV JwUm| go ânya h¡& OÝ‘
¶km{¾ go hþAm h¡& ñd¶§da ‘| AO©wZ Zo BÝho OrVm {H$ÝVw {ddmh nm§Mm|
nm§S>dm| go hmoVm h¡& H$^r BÝÐàñW H$s ‘hmamZr ~Zr Vmo hpñVZmnwa H$s
amÁ¶g^m ‘| dra n{V¶m§o, Am¡a ^rî‘, ÐmoU O¡go ‘hmnwéfm| H$s CnpñW{V
‘| Kmoa An‘m{ZV ^r hmoVr h¡& H$^r Y¡¶© Am¡a j‘m H$s ‘y{V© h¡ Vmo H$^r
à{VemoY H$s Z ~wPZodmbr A{¾ h¡& ZrM Xþ…emgZ Ho$ Xþì¶©dhma Am¡a
An‘mZ H$m ~Xbm boZo H$s ^mdZm H$s AmJ H$mo YYH$Vr aIZo Ho$ {bE àU
boVr h¡ {H$ dh AnZo Ho$e V~ VH$ Iwbo aIoJr O~ VH$ H$s Xþ…emgZ Ho$
bhÿ go CÝh| Ymo Z bo& {damQ>ZJa ‘| Xþï> ‘hm~br H$sMH$ H$s Hw$Ñ{ï> H$m
CÎma dh ^r‘ go Cgo ‘adm H$a XoVr h¡& Xÿgar Amoa AnZo nm§M ¶wdm nwÌm|
H$s {ZÐmdñWm ‘| H«y$a hË¶m H$aZodmbo AœËWm‘m H$mo Bg H$maU OrdZXmZ
{XbdmVr h¡ {H$ nwÌm| Ho$ dY H$m O¡gm XméU Xþ…I dh ^moJ ahr Wr dh
AœËWm‘m H$s ‘mVm H$mo Z ^moJZm n‹S>o& Ðm¡nXr M[aÌ H$s BZ {d{MÌVmAm|
H$m ahñ¶ CZHo$ àVrH$mW© go hr ñnï> hmo nmVm h¡&
do amOm ÐþnX H$s ¶k go àmá hþB© nwÌr h¢ Bg{bE ¶kgoZr ^r
H$hbmVr h¢& ÐþnX eãX H$m AW© h¡ VwaÝV nbQ>dma H$aZm& amOm ÐþnX Zo
ÐmoU go hma Am¡a An‘mZ H$m ~Xbm boZo Ho$ {bE hr ¶k {H$¶m Wm {OgH$s
A{¾ go Ðm¡nXr Am¡a Y¥ï>ÚwåZ CËnÞ hþE Wo& Ðm¡nXr Ho$ M[aÌ Ho$ EH$ A§e
‘| ÐþnX H$m dh JwU XoIm Omo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ÝVw gånyU© M[aÌ ahñ¶nyU© hr
~Zm ahVm h¡&
Ðm¡nXr H$m EH$ Zm‘ H¥$îUm ^r h¡ Am¡a dh ^JdmZ H¥$îU H$s ñZo{hb
~{hZ h¡& dñVwV… ¶hm± àH¥${V Ho$ EH$ {^Þ ê$n H$mo Xem©¶m J¶m h¡& àH¥${V
Ho$ ‘mV¥ ê$n H$m dU©Z gd©Ì {‘bVm h¡&dh ^JdV-nËZr ê$n h¡ Omo h‘mar
‘mVm h¡& CgH$m H$m¶© ^JdmZ H$s BÀN>mZwê$n g¥{ï> ‘o àm{U¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U

H$aHo$ CZ‘§o MoVZm OmJ«V H$aZm h¡& Bg hoVw go CgZo àm{U¶m| H$m {dH$mg
H$aVo hþE ‘Zwî¶ H$mo n§MH$moe àXmZ {H$¶o h¢& àH¥${V Ho$ Cg ê$n H$mo Hw$ÝVr
{Zê${nV H$aVr h¡, {H$ÝVw Ðm¡nXr/gw^Ðm Ho$ ê$n ‘| àH¥${V ^JdmZ H$s
~{hZo h¢& Ðm¡nXr n§M nm§S>d ê$n n§MH$moeYmar ‘Zwî¶ H$mo {ddmhr JB© h¢&
Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, ‘Zwî¶ ‘| àH¥${V H$s ^y{‘H$m H$s ì¶m»¶m hoVw
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo CgHo$ ^JdV²-^{JZr ê$n H$s AdYmaUm àñVwV H$s h¡&
BgHo$ ^r Xmo ê$n h¢-Ðm¡nXr Am¡a gw^Ðm& Ðm¡nXr ^JdmZ H$s ñZo{hb ~{hZ
h¡ Vmo gw^Ðm bm‹S>br ‘mV¥Om ~{hZ& ^JdmZ Zo BÝh| ‘Zwî¶ H$mo nËZrê$n ‘|
gm¢nm h¡& ‘Zwî¶ AÝ¶ àm{U¶m| H$s Anojm loð>V‘ j‘VmAm| go ¶wº$ h¡
Bg{bE àH¥${V AnZo Bg nwÌ H$mo AÝ¶ àm{U¶m| Ho$ g‘mZ gXm A§Jwbr
nH$‹S>H$a Zht MbmVr& àH¥${V H$s Omo N>Ì-N>m¶m CgH$mo {‘br h¡ dh
h‘oem ‘mVm O¡gr Z hmoH$a nËZr O¡gr hmo OmVr h¡& nËZr H$s ^y{‘H$m ‘mVm
go Wmo‹S>r {^Þ hmoVr h¡& dh n{V H$mo AnZr ‘{V AZwgma ào[aV Adí¶
H$aVr h¡ {H$ÝVw AÝVVmoJËdm n{V Ho$ {ZU©¶mZwgma H$m¶© H$mo gånÞ H$aZo
‘| gh¶moJ XoVr h¡& Ðm¡nXr Am¡a gw^Ðm ê$n àH¥${V ^r ì¶{º$ H$s CZ d¥{Îm¶m|
H$mo hr D$Om© n«XmZ H$aVr h¡ {OZH$mo ì¶{º$ ‘hËd XoVm h¡& ¶hr nËZr ê$n
‘| CZH$s ^y{‘H$m¶| h¢&
Ðm¡nXr Am¡a gw^Ðm H$s ^y{‘H$mE± ^r {^Þ h¢& Ðm¡nXr AOw©Z g{hV
nm§Mm| nm§S>dm| H$s nËZr h¡ AWm©V² dh ì¶{º$ Ho$ nm§Mm| H$moem§o Ho$ {bE àoaH$
e{º$ h¡& AO©wZ ê$n ‘Z Ho$ {bE Ðm¡nXr Am¡a gw^Ðm Xmo àoaH$ e{º$¶m± h¡&
Ðm¡nXr ‘m¶m h¡, gw^Ðm H$mo h‘ ^{º$ ‘mZ gH$Vo h¢& ‘m¶m ‘Zwî¶ H$mo g§gma
‘| {ÌJwUr OrdZ OrVo hþE Cgo Yrao Yrao na‘mË‘m H$s Amoa ào[aV H$aVr h¡
(JrVm 7.12, 18.61)& Ðm¡nXr Ho$ M[aÌ ‘| VrZm| JwUm| H$s N>mn ñnîQ> {XIVr
h¡&
ì¶{º$ H$s kmZa{hV pñW{V ‘| ‘m¶m ê$n Ðm¡nXr ì¶{º$ H$mo g§gma ‘|
àd¥Îm H$aVr h¡& dh MoVZm Ho$ àË¶oH$ ñVa (nm§M H$mofm|) ‘| bha CR>mH$a
ì¶{º$ H$mo g§gma ‘| àd¥Îm H$aVr h¡& Ðm¡nXr Ho$ AmMaU ‘| Bgr{bE
~‹S>r {d{^ÞVm¶| {XIVr h¢& Ðm¡nXr ‘| H«$moY h¡, An‘mZ H$m ~Xbm boZo

H$m ^md h¡, H$éUm h¡, X¶m h¡, gmW hr {dn{Îm ‘| AmV© nwH$ma Ûmam
na‘oída H$s àË¶j ghm¶Vm àmá H$a boZo H$s gm‘Ï¶© ^r h¡& ¶h
j‘Vm Mra haU, Xþdm©gm ‘§S>br Ho$ ^moOZ à~ÝY Am{X AZoH$ àg§Jm|
‘| àH$Q> hþB© h¡&
kmZ hmoZo na, B©emdmñ¶ BX§ gd©‘² na Jhar lÕm hmo OmZo na,
ì¶{º$ H$mo àH¥${V H$m Omo Xÿgam ê$n, H$‘© H$s àoaUm XoVm h¡ dh h¡-^{º$
ê$n gw^Ðm& ^{º$ H$m dmñV{dH$ ñdê$n kmZ g{hV H$‘© h¡& ‘hm^maVH$ma
Zo JrVm (12.6 go 12) ‘| ^{º$ Ho$ Bgr ñdê$n H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m h¡&
Bg àoaUm H$m joÌ ³¶m|{H$ ‘Zmo‘¶ H$moe h¡ AV… nam àH¥${V ê$n gw^Ðm
H$mo ^JdmZ Zo AO©wZ H$mo gm¢nm h¡& qH$Vw AO©wZ JrVm H$m kmZ OrdZ ‘|
CVmaZo go nyd© gw^Ðm H$m gmW Ðm¡nXr Ho$ g‘mZ Zht {Z^m nmVo& dZdmg
H$mb ‘| Ðm¡nXr nm§S>dm| Ho$ gmW ahVr h¡ {H$ÝVw gw^Ðm H$mo Bg H$mb ‘|
ÛmaH$m {Ôdm {X¶m OmVm h¡&
Ðm¡nXr Ho$ nm±M n{V hmoZo Ho$ àVrH$mW© H$mo Am¡a JwUm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| CgHo$
àH¥${V ñdê$n H$mo B§{JV H$aZo dmbr EH$ H$hmZr Ûmam ^r ì¶º$ {H$¶m J¶m
h¡& Oå~y-’$b d«V gå~ÝYr Bg H$hmZr ‘| Ðm¡nXr Zo lrH¥$îU Ho$ H$hZo na
AnZo ñdY‘© H$m dU©Z H$aHo$ àmW©Zm H$s Wr Vmo d¥j go Vmo‹S>m J¶m Oå~y-
’$b nwZ… d¥j na bJ J¶m Wm& Ðm¡nXr Zo H$hm Wm {H$,'‘¢ nm§M Xodr
e{º$¶m| H$m AdVma hÿ±& ¶‘ nËZr í¶m‘bm, dm¶w nËZr ^maVr, BÝÐ nËZr
eMr, ApídZ Hw$‘mam| H$s nËZr D$fm, Am¡a ‘hmH$mbr Ho$ A§em| H$mo gpå‘{bV
ê$n h±ÿ& ‘oao àW‘ Mma A§e Vmo nm§M nm§S>dm| H$mo n{V ~ZmH$a g§Vwï> h¢ qH$Vw
‘oam ‘hmH$mbr A§e N>R>o n{V éÐ H$s AmH$m§jm H$aVm h¡ (AWm©V² Xþï>m| H$m
Zme hmoZo na hr ‘oam dh A§e g§Vwï> hmoJm)& gånyU© nm¡am{UH$ gm{hË¶ ‘|
nËZr H$mo àVrH$ ~Zm¶m J¶m h¡ nwéf H$s {H«$¶mH$mar e{º$ H$m& AV…
Ðm¡nXr ì¶{º$ Ho$ nm§Mm| H$moem| H$mo {H«$¶merb ~ZmZo dmbr àm{UH$ e{º$ h¡,
¶hr Xem©¶m J¶m h¡&
Ðm¡nXr-nm§S>dm| Ho$ àVrH$mWmªo H$mo ñnï> H$aVr Hw$N> KQ>ZmE±
{h‘mb¶ H$s ApÝV‘ ¶mÌm … Ðm¡nXr g{hV nm§S>dm| Ho$ {h‘mb¶ ‘|
OmH$a JbZo H$s KQ>Zm H$m Omo dU©Z h¡ dh ^r Cnamoº$ àVrH$mW© H$s nw{ï>
H$aVm h¡& Cg ApÝV‘ ¶mÌm ‘| BZ nmÌm| Ho$ {JaZo H$m Omo H«$‘ d{U©V h¡ dh
Mm¢H$mZodmbm h¡& dh H«$‘ Z Vmo emar[aH$ ~b Ho$ AZwgma h¡ Am¡a Z C‘« Ho$
AZwgma hr AWm©V² eara Ho$ d¥Õ hmoZo Ho$ H«$‘mZwgma& dñVwV… ¶h dU©Z Bg
d¡km{ZH$ VÏ¶ Ho$ AZwê$n Adí¶ h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ H$mo {dH$mg Ho$ {Og H«$‘ ‘|
AÞ‘¶, àmU‘¶, ‘Zmo‘¶ Am{X n§MH$moe {‘bo h¢, ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ g‘¶ CgH$s
R>rH$ CëQ>o H«$‘ ‘| Cº$ {H«$¶mE± ~ÝX hmoVr h¢& g~go nhbo emar[aH$ ~b
AWm©V² ^m¡{VH$ e{º$ jrU hmoVr h¡ V~ ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mE± (‘¥Ë¶weæ¶m na
n‹S>o ì¶{º$ go ~ÝYwOZ nyN>Vo h¢ "‘wP H$mo nhMmZV hmo' N>mÝXmo.-8.6.4-
‘| ^r ¶h H«$‘ d{U©V h¡&) BgHo$ níMmV² àm{UH$ {H«$¶mE± ~ÝX hmoZo na ‘¥Ë¶w
hmoZm à‘m{UV hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ÝVw H$mo{eH$mAm| (AÞ‘¶ H$moe) H$s {H«$¶merbVm
H$B© KÝQ>o ~mX VH$ g‘má Zht hmoVr& Ðm¡nXr Am¡a nm§S>dm| H$s Cg ApÝV‘
¶mÌm ‘| ‘¥Ë¶w àmá H$aZo H$m ^r R>rH$ ¶hr H«$‘ Xem©¶m J¶m h¡& ñnï> hr Bg
dU©Z Ho$ Ûmam ^r ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo nm§Mm| nm§S>dm| H$mo ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ nm§M H$moem|
Ho$ ê$n ‘| Am¡a Ðm¡nXr H$mo BZ H$moem| H$mo {H«$¶merb ~ZmZo dmbr àm{UH$
D$Om© Ho$ ê$n ‘| B§{JV {H$¶m h¡, Omo Bg ¶mÌm ‘| g~go nhbo ‘¥Ë¶w H$mo
àmßV hmoVr h¡&
Ðm¡nXr-nmÊS>dm| H$m Xoodbm¡{H$H$ gå~ÝY … ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Ðm¡nXr-
nm§S>dm| Ho$ àVrH$mW© na CZHo$ Xodbm¡{H$H$ gå~ÝY H$m dU©Z H$aHo$ ^r
àH$me S>mbm h¡ (1.192-196) & O~ ÐþnX H$mo kmV hþAm {H$ nm§S>dm| H$s
‘mVm Ho$ ‘wI go AZOmZo ‘| {ZH$bo eãXm| H$m Ajae… nmbZ H$aZo H$m
AmJ«h aIVo hþE nm§Mmo ^mB© Ðm¡nXr Ho$ gmW {ddmh H$aZo H$m {dMma H$a aho
h¡§ Vmo ÐþnX AË¶ÝV ì¶J« hmo CR>o& CÝhm|Zo ¶w{Y{ð>a H$mo ñnï> eãXm| ‘| H$hm-
"EH$ ór Ho$ EH$m{YH$ n{V hm| Eogm bmoH$ Am¡a doX ‘¶m©Xm XmoZm| Ho$ {déÕ
hmoZo go ¶h H$m¶© AY‘© hmoJm'(1.194.28)& Cgr g‘¶ ‘h{f© ì¶mg Am¶o&
CÝhm|Zo ÐþnX H$mo nm§S>dm| Am¡a Ðm¡nXr H$m Xodbm¡{H$H$ gå~ÝY ~VbmH$a
CgH$m Xe©Z (1.196) H$am¶m& nm§Mm| nmÊS>d nyd© H$mb ‘| ñdJ© Ho$ nm§M
BÝÐ Wo Am¡a Ðm¡nXr CZ nm§Mm| BÝÐm| H$s bú‘r ê$n EH$ nËZr Wr& BÝÐm| ‘|

Ah§H$ma Am OmZo Ho$ H$maU ^JdmZ {ed Zo CÝh| n¥ÏdrbmoH$ ‘| nm§M nm§S>dm|
Ho$ ê$n ‘| Am¡a CZH$s nËZr bú‘r H$mo Ðm¡nXr ê$n ‘| OÝ‘ boZm {ZYm©[aV
{H$¶m Wm& Cg ahñ¶ H$mo OmZ boZo na hr ÐþnX Ðm¡nXr H$m {ddmh nm§Mm|
nm§S>dm| go H$aZo Ho$ {bE VËna hþE Wo&
ì¶mgOr Zo CZ nm§M BÝÐm| Ho$ Zm‘m| H$m ^r C„oI {H$¶m h¡& ¶o Zm‘
^r ì¶{º$ Ho$ AÞ‘¶m{X nm§M H$moem| H$mo B§{JV H$aVo h¢& BÝÐm| Ho$ Zm‘ h¢-
{díd^wH$, ^yVYm‘m, àVmnr BÝÐ{e{d, empÝV Am¡a VoOñdr& {díd^wH$ H$m
AW© h¡ gdm©on^moº$m AWm©V² g~ Hw$N> ImZo dmbm& Bgo eara AWm©V² AÞ‘¶
H$moe Ho$ ê$n ‘| g‘PZm ¶w{º$¶wº$ h¡& Xÿgam BÝÐ h¡ ^yVYm‘m AWm©V²
{OgHo$ Aml¶ go àmUr Or{dV ahVo h¢ AWm©V² àmU& Vrgam h¡ àVmndmZ
BÝÐ "{e{d' AWm©V² ‘hËdnyU© H$ë¶mUH$mar ({e{d) D$Üd© ‘Z& Mm¡Wo Am¡a
nm§Md| BÝÐm§o Ho$ Zm‘ em{ÝV Am¡a VoOñdr {dkmZ‘¶ H$moe Ho$ Xmo ñVam|-
namoj OmZ Am¡a Anamoj kmZ- H$mo B§{JV H$aVo h¢&
nm§Mmo BÝÐ ê$n nm§S>d ì¶{º$ Ho$ nm§M H$moem| Ho$ ñdm‘r (BÝÐ=ñdm‘r)
h¢ Am¡a ñdJ© H$s bú‘r ê$n Ðm¡nXr àH¥${V H$s ^m¡{VH$ e{º$ h¡ Omo ì¶{º$
Ho$ H$moem§o H$mo {H«$¶merb ~ZmVr h¡&
KQ>ZmAm| ‘| ì¶mg Ho$ hñVjon H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ g§Ho$VmW©
J«§W ‘| Cnamoº$ KQ>Zm Ho$ g‘mZ AZoH$ ñWbm| na Eogm dU©Z AmVm
h¡ {H$ ‘h{f© ì¶mg Zo àH$Q> hmoH$a KQ>Zm H$mo Agm‘mÝ¶ ñdê$n XoZo ‘| ñd¶§
hñVjon {H$¶m ¶m ‘mJ©Xe©Z {X¶m& Eogo àg§Jmo H$m dU©Z H$aZo H$m g§Ho$V
¶h h¡ {H$ ¶{X gmYmaU ^m¡{VH$ Ñ{ï> go KQ>Zm g‘P ‘| Zhr Am ahr h¡ Vmo
h‘| Cgo ‘h{f© H$s AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ Ñ{ï> go g‘PZo H$m à¶mg H$aZm hmoJm&

g§gma MH«$ H$mo {Zé{nV H$aZo dmbo nmÌ
Cn{ZfXm| ‘| H$hm J¶m h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî¶m| Ho$ OrdZ H$mo CZHo$ kmZ Am¡a
H$‘© Ho$ ‘mZ go VrZ dJmªo ‘| ~m§Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡-1. ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a AmÜ¶mpË‘H$
{dH$mg H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoZo dmbo (gmpËdH$) nwéf, 2. OÝ‘-‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ MH«$
‘| Ky‘Vo ahZo dmbo (amO{gH$) nwéf, 3. {ZH¥$îQ> H$‘mª/o d¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ AZwê$n
H$‘ {dH${gV ¶mo{Z¶m| ‘| {JaZo dmbo (Kmoa Vm‘{gH$) nwéf&
A^r VH$ {OZ nmÌm| H$m h‘ AÜ¶¶Z H$a MwH$o h¢ CZ‘| go ^rî‘,
nm§S>d Am{X A{YH$m§e nmÌ àW‘ loUr dmbo Wo& Bg boI ‘| h‘ ÐmoUmMm¶©,
ÐþnX Am{X CZ Hw$N> nmÌm| H$m EH$ g§{já AÜ¶¶Z H$a|Jo Omo AnZr VH$ZrH$s
¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ H$maU àW‘ ÑîQ>çm Vmo Cƒ H$mo{Q> Ho$ àVrV hmoVo h¢ {H$ÝVw dmñVd
‘| CÝh| Xÿgar (aOmoJUw r) loUr go D$na Zht aIm Om gH$Vm& Xþ¶m©Yo Z,
Xþ…emgZ, eHw${Z O¡go OÝ‘OmV AWdm H$U© O¡go Hw$g§J{V go ~Zo Xþï> nmÌm|
H$mo h‘| V‘g loUr ‘| aIZm hmoJm&
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Cº$ Vm‘{gH$ nmÌm| go ^r {ZH¥$ï> EH$ Am¡a {ZåZV‘
loUr Ho$ ‘Zwî¶m| H$s Amoa ^r Ü¶mZ AmH${f©V H$aZo Ho$ {bE {OZ Xmo H$mo nmÌ
~Zm¶m h¡ do h¢ AídËWm‘m Am¡a H¥$nmMm¶© {OZ na ‘m¡V Zo ^r H¥$nm Zht H$s&
‘mZdVm Ho$ BZ OKÝ¶ Anam{Y¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg H$s {ZH$Q> ^{dî¶ ‘| gå^mdZm
Zht XoIVo hþE CÝho| AnZo nmn H$m àm¶píMV H$aVo ahZo Ho$ {bE J«ÝWH$ma Zo
A{ZpíMV H$mb Ho$ {b¶o CÝh| Or{dV ahZo Ho$ emn go J«ñV ~Vm¶m&
ÐmoUmMm¶©
‘hm^maV H$s H$Wm H$mo h‘ ewÕ ‘mZdr¶ B{Vhmg Z g‘PVo hþE
CgHo$ AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ VmËn¶© H$mo öX¶§J‘ H$a| Bg hoVw J«W
§ H$ma Zo àË¶oH$ à‘wI
nmÌ H$s CËn{Îm X¡dr¶ M‘ËH$ma go ¶wº$ ~VbmB© h¡& ÐmoUmMm¶© Zm‘H$ nmÌ H$s
CËn{Îm ^r A¶mo{ZO ~VbmB© JB© h¡& ÐmoU AWm©V² nmZr aIZo Ho$ ~aVZ ‘| aI
{X¶o J¶o F${f âÛmO Ho$ dr¶© go Omo ~mbH$ CËnÞ hþAm CgH$m Zm‘ F${f
Zo ÐmoU aI {X¶m Omo ~‹S>m hmoH$a ÐmoUmMm¶© Zm‘ go {d»¶mV hþAm&

‘hm^maV ‘o§ ÐmoUmMm¶© H$mo ^rî‘ {nVm‘h Ho$ ~mX gdm©{YH$ gå‘mZZr¶
Am¡a ‘hÎdnyU© nmÌ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {M{ÌV {H$¶m J¶m h¡, Eogm àW‘ ÑîQ>çm àVrV
hmoVm h¡& {H$ÝVw O~ h‘ d{U©V KQ>ZmAm| H$m gyú‘ AÜ¶¶Z H$aVo h¢, Vmo
h‘mar YmaUm ~Xb OmVr h¡& CZH$s Omo gå‘mZZr¶ pñW{V ~VmB© JB© h¡ dh
CZHo$ A{V {d{eï> eó kmZ Ho$ H$maU Wr, {H$ÝVw Hw$N> d{U©V KQ>Zm¶§o CÝh|
EH$ gm‘mÝ¶ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ g‘mZ {XImVr hþB© h‘mao ‘Z H$mo PH$Pmoa XoVr h¢&
O¡gm {H$ h‘ nyd© ‘| H$h MwH$o h¢, ‘hm^maV J«W § ‘| nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌ {MÌU
H$aZo ‘| boIH$ Zo EH$ {d{eï> e¡br H$m Am{dîH$ma {H$¶m h¡& {Og àH$ma
{H$gr gwÝXa {MÌ nQ>b na EH$ ~XgyaV ~Xa§J Yããmm AWdm ~Xa§J nQ>b na
EH$ gwÝXa N>{d h‘mao ‘Z H$mo VwaÝV Am¡a à^mdr ê$n ‘| AmH${f©V H$aVr h¡,
Bgr e¡br H$m Cn¶moJ J«W§ H$ma Zo nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌ {MÌU ‘| {H$¶m h¡& do àË¶oH$
à‘wI nmÌ ‘| AZoH$ CËH¥$ï> JwUm| Ho$ ‘Ü¶ EH$ AdJwU AWdm AZoH$ AdJwUm|
Ho$ ‘Ü¶ EH$ gwÝXa JwU H$mo C^ma H$a h‘mao ‘Z ‘| Cg JwU H$mo J«hU H$aZo
H$s BÀN>m Am¡a AdJwU go Xÿa ahZo H$s OwJßw gm OmJ«V H$a aho hmoVo h¢&
ÐmoUmMm¶© Ho$ M[aÌ ‘| CÝh| CËH¥$ï> go gm‘mÝ¶ ~ZmZo dmbm dh H$m¡Z gm
AdJwU h¡ Bgr H$m h‘ ¶hm± emoYZ H$a|J&o
CËH¥$ï> JwUm| Ho$ ~rM Amg{º$ ê$n EH$ H$‘r H$m {MÌU
ÐmoUmMm¶© ‘o§ AZoH$ CËH¥$ï> JwU h¢& do AO¶ ¶moÕm h¢& eó {dÚm ‘|
CZH$m H$moB© gmZr Zht h¡& CÝhm|Zo YZwdXo© H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m, ‘w{Z A{¾doe
go Am¾o¶mó H$s {ejm br Amoa ^¥JZw ÝXZ ‘h{f© naewam‘ go ~«÷mó g{hV
g^r {Xì¶móm| H$m {ejU àmá H$aHo$ eómó {dÚm ‘| A{ÛVr¶ ñWmZ àmá
{H$¶m& Bgr H$maU CÝho hpñVZmnwa Ho$ H$m¡ad-nm§S>d amOHw$‘mam| H$mo eómóm|
H$s {ejm XoZo H$m Xm{¶Ëd {‘bm Wm& do Z Ho$db EH$ CÎm‘ {ejH$ {gÕ hþ¶,o
do ^rî‘ Am¡a amOm Y¥Vamï´> Ho$ {dídgZr¶ ~ZH$a amÁ¶g^m ‘o§ ^r CÝhmoZ| o
Cƒ ñWmZ àmá {H$¶m& ‘hËdnyU© ‘m‘bm| ‘| O~ H$^r CZgo nam‘e© {b¶m
OmVm Vmo do Ý¶m¶¶wº$ ~mV H$m g‘W©Z H$aVo, qH$Vw Bg ~mV H$m Ü¶mZ aIVo
{H$ H$ht CZH$s ~mV go amOm Y¥Vamï´> AàgÞ Z hm|, AÝ¶Wm do Mwßnr gmY
OmVo (Ðm¡nXr Mra haU Ho$ g‘¶ CZH$s Mwßnr H$s MMm© h‘ AmJo H$a|J)o & BZ

AZoH JwUm| Ho$ ~rM CZHo$ ì¶{º$Ëd ‘| Omo ¶h ñdmW© go ~§Yo hmoZo H$s EH$
ZH$mamË‘H$Vm Wr, Am¡a h‘ ‘| go ^r A{YH$m§e A^r {Oggo AnZo H$mo ‘wº$
Zht H$a nm¶o h¢, dh ~hþYm Amg{º$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àH$Q> hmoVr h¡& ¶h AÜ¶mË‘
Ho$ amñVo ‘| EH$ ~‹S>r ~mYm h¡& dñVwV… Amg{º$ ^r h‘mao g§H$w {MV Ah‘² ê$n
""‘¢'' H$m hr EH$ ê$n h¡ Omo ""‘oam/‘oa'o ' Ho$ ê$n ‘| dñVwAm|/ì¶{º$¶m| H$mo
AnZo {b¶o Cn¶moJr ‘mZH$a CÝh| nH$‹S>Zm MmhVm h¡& h‘mam ""‘¢'' O~
{H$gr AÝ¶ dñVw/ì¶{º$ H$mo AnZo {b¶o A{YH$ Cn¶moJr ‘mZVm h¡ Vmo dh
nhbr H$mo N>mS‹o >H$a Xÿgar H$mo nH$‹S>Zo H$m nyam à¶mg H$aVm h¡& ÐmoU Ho$ OrdZ
‘| h‘| BgHo$ H$B© CXmhaU {XImB© XoVo h¢&
1. AnZr d§emJV loð>Vm na Amg{º$ Am¡a {’$a ~‹S>o ñdmW© H$s ny{V©
hoVw Bg H$m Ë¶mJ H$a {X¶o OmZo H$s KQ>Zm ÐmoUmMm¶© H$s OrdZr ‘| d{U©V H$s
JB© h¡& ÐmoU H$mo AnZr n¡VH¥ $ loð>Vm na BVZm A{^‘mZ Wm {H$ {nVm Ho$
XohmdgmZ Ho$ ~mX O~ CÝh| X[aÐVm Zo Koa {b¶m Vmo CÝhm|Zo YZmO©Z hoVw godm
H$m¶© H$aZm C{MV Zht g‘Pm ³¶m|{H$ CZH$m {dMma Wm {H$ YZ Ho$ {b¶o
Xÿgam| H$s godm H$aZm AË¶ÝV ZrM H$m¶© h¡& {H$ÝVw O~ do nwÌ Ho$ {b¶o XÿY
H$s ì¶dñWm Zht H$a gHo$ Vmo CÝh| Bg PyR>o Ah§H$ma H$m n[aË¶mJ H$aZm n‹S>m
Wm& naÝVw Cggo nyd© AnZr d§e-loð>Vm Ho$ Cg {dMma Zo CÝh| {H$g ~war
Vah CbPm¶m Bgo ZrMo {bIo KQ>Zm-H«$‘ Ho$ Ûmam ì¶º$ {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
2. do nwÌ (~mbH$ AídËWm‘m) Am¡a npËZ H$mo boH$a AnZo ~më¶H$mb
Ho$ {‘Ì amOm ÐþnX Ho$ ¶hm± J¶o& ÐþnX Am¡a ÐmoU gmW n‹T>o Wo Am¡a ÐþnX go,
Omo CÎma-nm§Mmb amÁ¶ Ho$ amOm n¥fV H$m nwÌ Wm, ÐmoU Zo Eogr Jhar {‘ÌVm
ñWm{nV H$s {H$ EH$ {XZ ÐþnX Zo ÐmoU H$mo n¸$s {‘ÌVm H$m {dídmg {XbmVo
hþE H$hm {H$ ^{dî¶ ‘| ‘wPo (ÐþnX H$mo) O~ amOqghmgZ {‘boJm V~ ÐmoU
amÁ¶ gwI ^moJZo hoVw Am¶|Jo Vmo do CgHo$ hH$Xma hm|J&o H$mbmÝVa ‘| ÐþnX Vmo
amOm ~Z J¶o Am¡a ÐmoU Jar~r H$r EH$ KQ>Zm go AË¶m{YH$ AmhV hþ¶o V~
do ÐþnX Ho$ Cº$ H$WZ H$mo ñ‘aU H$aHo$ Cggo {‘bZo nhþM± &o {Og KQ>Zm Zo
ÐmoU H$mo {dM{bV H$a {X¶m Wm dh ¶h Wr& EH$ {XZ ÐmoU Ka bm¡Q>o Vmo XoIm
{H$ ~mbH$ AídËWm‘m H$mo, {OgZo H$^r XÿY MIm hr Zht Wm, Xÿgao ~mbH$

Cgo XÿY Ho$ Zm‘ go AmQ>m Kwbm nmZr XoH$a {d‘mo{hV H$a aho Wo Am¡a ¶h
~mbH$ Cg nmZr H$mo XÿY g‘P H$a nrH$a hf© go ¶h H$hVm hþAm ZmM ahm
Wm {H$ "Ahm! ‘¢Zo XÿY nr¶m'& ÐmoU Ho$ ‘Z H$mo ~hþV MmoQ> bJr qH$Vw ³¶m|{H$
do YZ Ho$ EodOµ ‘| Xÿgam| H$s godmH$aZm ZrM H$‘© ‘mZVo Wo Bg H$maU d¡gm
Z H$aVo hþE do ÐþnX Ho$ ¶hm± nhþM§ &o qH$Vw ÐþnX Zo ¶h H$h H$a {H$ {‘ÌVm Vmo
~am~a dmbm| ‘o hr ahVr h¡, CÝh| An‘m{ZV H$aHo$ bm¡Q>m {X¶m& V~ ÐmoU
d¡V{ZH$ godm H$^r ^r Z H$aZo H$m {dMma Ë¶mJ H$a hpñËmZmnwa Mbo J¶o& dhm±
AnZo gmbo H¥$nmMm¶©, Omo amOm Ho$ ¶hm± amOHw$‘mam| H$s {ejm Ho$ {b¶o {Z¶wº$
Wo, Ho$ Ka na ahZo bJo& O~ ^rî‘ Am¡a Y¥Vamï´> H$mo ¶h OmZH$mar {‘br {H$
‘h{f© naewam‘ go eómó H$m kmZ àmá {H$¶o hþE ÐmoUmMm¶© hpñVZmnwa ‘o§o hr
ah aho h¢ Vmo CÝhm|Zo ÐmoU go {‘bH$a H$m¡ad-nm§S>d amOHw$‘mam| H$mo {ejm XoZo
H$m gmXa AmJ«h {H$¶m {Ogo ÐmoU Zo ghf© ñdrH$ma H$a {b¶m& Bg àH$ma
n[apñW{V¶m| Zo ÐmoU H$mo AnZo nyd© g§H$ën go hQ>Zo na ‘O~ya H$a {X¶m&
AmJo H$m KQ>Zm H«$‘ ~VbmVm h¡ {H$ A{^‘mZ H$^r hmaVm Zht,
‘m¶mdr ê$n YmaU H$a ‘Zwî¶ H$mo MbmVm ahVm h¡, dh H$^r à{VemoY Vmo
H$^r Amg{º$ H$m ê$n YmaU H$a boVm h¡&
3. amOHw$‘mam| Ho$ {ejU H$mb ‘§o ÐmoUmMm¶© H$s Amg{º$ CÝh| {H$g
àH$ma ZMmVr h¡ Bgo AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ Ñ{ï> go (AWm©V² h‘| AnZo AÝVa ‘|
Pm§H$H$a) XoIZm h‘mao {b¶o lo¶ñH$a hmoJm& amOHw$‘mam| H$mo eómóm| H$m
{ejU XoVo g‘¶ do nwÌ AídËWm‘m H$mo ^r CZHo$ gmW hr {ejU XoVo Wo&
amOHw$‘mam| H$mo nmZr bmZo O¡go H$m¶© go AWdm CÝho§ Iob AmZo H$m H$hH$a
O~ CÝh| ~mha ôO XoVo Cg g‘¶ do nwÌ H$mo Hw$N> {deof {Xì¶móm| H$m kmZ
àXmZ H$aVo Wo& dñVwV… Amg{º$ de AnmÌ H$mo {X¶m J¶m, g§^dV… ~«÷mó
H$m, ¶h kmZ AídËWm‘m go H¡$gm AnH$‘© H$admZo dmbm {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$
CgHo$ ’$bñdê$n, H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ AídËWm‘m AmO ^r àm¶píMV H$s AmJ
‘| Ob ahm h¡&
4. AO©Zw amOHw$‘mam| ‘§o g~ go A{YH$ ‘oYmdr Am¡a H${‘©ð> (H$‘©R>)
Wm, dh erK« bm¡Q> H$a AídËWm‘m H$mo {X¶o OmZo dmbo {deof {ejU ‘|

em{‘b hmo OmVm& CgH$s {deof é{M Am¡a ¶mo½¶Vm go à^m{dV hmoH$a Jwé
ÐmoU Cgo ^r {Xì¶móm| H$s {ejm XoZo bJo& ÐmoUmMm¶© H$s nwÌ Ho$ à{V {deof
Amg{º$ Am¡a {’$a AO©Zw VH$ CgH$m ’¡$bmd dñVwV… ÐmoU Ho$ AÝVg ‘|
CnpñWV ‘¢ Am¡a ‘oam ê$n A{^‘mZ VËd H$m hr H$m¶© Wm& AO©Zw Ho$ à{V
Amg{º$ Ho$ CX¶ H$s {ddoMZm h‘ AJbo {~ÝXþ (H«$. 5) Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$aZo Om
aho h¢&
5. AO©Zw Ho$ à{V ÐmoUmMm¶© H$s Amg{º$ Yrao Yrao Bg H$maU ~‹T>Zo
bJr {H$ CÝh| {dídmg hmoVm J¶m {H$ AO©Zw g§gma ‘| gd©lðo > YZwYa© Ho$ ê$n
‘| {d»¶mV hmoH$a CZH$s (Jwé ÐmoU H$s) ‘{h‘m H$mo ^r ’¡$bm¶oJm& Bg
Amg{º$ H$m {dH¥$V ê$n h‘| EH$bì¶ H$s H$hmZr ‘§o {XIm¶m J¶m h¡& grYo-
gmYo {H$ÝVw à{V^m Ho$ YZr EH$bì¶ H$mo AOwZ© H$s à{g{Õ ‘| g§^m{dV amoS‹ >m
‘mZH$a Cggo XmZ ‘§o A§JRy >m boZo ‘| CÝh| ‘Z ‘| Oam ^r ½bmZr Zht hþB© !
6. O~ amOHw$‘mam| H$m {ejU g‘má hmoVm h¡ Vmo ÐþnX go à{VemoY
boZo Am¡a AO©Zw H$s à{g{Õ ’¡$bmZo, BZ XmoZm| bú¶m| H$s ny{V© hoVw ÐmoU EH$
gmoMr g‘Pr aUZr{V V¡¶ma H$aVo h¢& CÝhm|Zo Jwé X{jUm Ho$ ê$n ‘§o amOm
ÐþnX H$mo ~§Xr ~ZmH$a bmZo H$s MwZm¡Vr aIr& Bg MwZm¡Vr H$mo AO©Zw Zo ghf©
ñdrH$mam Am¡a ÐþnX H$mo ~§Xr ~ZmH$a Jwé ÐmoU Ho$ g‘j àñVw {H$¶m& V~ ÐmoU
Zo ÐþnX H$mo CZHo$ amÁ¶ H$m AmYm ^mJ bm¡Q>mH$a (^mJraW Ho$ X{jU àXoe
H$m amÁ¶ ÐþnX H$mo XoH$a ÐmoU Zo CÎma H$m gånÝZ BbmH$m AnZo A{YH$ma
‘| aI (Am{X nd©, 137) CÝh| ‘wº$ H$aVo hþE H$Q>mj {H$¶m {H$ A~ Vmo h‘
XmoZm| hr ~am~a Ho$ amOm h¢ AV… {‘ÌVm ah gHo$Jr Z? ÐþnX {ZéÎma aho
{H$ÝVw CÝhm|Zo ^r Bg An‘mZ H$m ~Xbm boZo Ho$ {b¶o ‘Z ‘| Ñ‹T> g§H$ën H$a
{b¶m Am¡a {Og àH$ma {H$ ÐmoU Zo {eî¶ (AOwZ© ) Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go ~Xbm {b¶m
Wm, amOm ÐþnX Zo nwÌ Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go ÐmoU go ~Xbm boZo H$m g§H$ën {H$¶m&
Bg ho V w CÝhm| Z o ¶k H$aHo $ Y¥ ï >Úw å Z (Y¥ ï >=gmhgr/Xþ … gmhgr;
ÚwåZ=gm‘Ï¶©dmZ) Zm‘H$ nwÌ VWm Ðm¡nXr Zm‘H$ EH$ nwÌr ^r àmá H$s&
‘hm^maV ¶wÕ Ho$ gmobhd| {XZ ÐmoUmMm¶© A§VV… Y¥ï>Úåw Z Ho$ hmWm| hr ‘mao
J¶o& AO¶r ÐmoU Ho$ ‘mao OmZo H$s KQ>Zm ^r à{VemoY ‘| AmX‘r Ho$ A§Yo hmo

OmZo H$s H$hmZr ~¶m§ H$aVr h¡& BgH$s MMm© h‘ AmJo MaU-8 ‘| H$a|J&o
7. EH$ g‘¶ Wm O~ d§em{^‘mZde ÐmoU Zm¡H$ar H$aZm ZrM H$‘©
‘mZVo Wo qH$Vw O~ amOKamZo ‘| {ejH$ ~Z J¶o Vmo amOm H$m H¥$nmnmÌ ~Zo
ahZo Ho$ {b¶o CÝhm|Zo Y‘© H$mo ^r {~gma {X¶m& O~ OwE Ho$ Iob Ho$ níMmV²
‘hmamZr Ðm¡nXr H$mo hmar hþB© "dñVw' ~VbmH$a CgHo$ gmW Agä¶ Am¡a ZrM
ì¶dhma {H$¶m Om ahm Wm, Ðm¡nXr Zo ^rî‘ g{hV ÐmoUmMm¶© go ^r Ý¶m¶ H$s
Jwhma bJmB© qH$Vw ^rî‘ Zo Jmob‘mb CÎma {X¶m Am¡a ÐmoU Zo Vmo Mwßnr hr gmY
br& BZ ‘hmZw^mdm| Ho$ Bg A¶mo½¶ ì¶dhma H$mo C^ma XoZo dmbr EH$ gh-
KQ>Zm H$m dU©Z ^r H$WmH$ma Zo {H$¶m h¡& Y¥Vamï´> Ho$ JmÝYmar go CËnÞ gm¡
Xþï> nwÌm| Ho$ A{V[aº$ EH$ AÝ¶ nËZr go {dH$U© Zm‘H$ nwÌ ^r Wm& Cg
gË¶{Zð> {ZS>a ¶wdH$ Zo g^m ‘| I‹S>o hmoH$a Ý¶m¶¶wº$ ~mV H$hr& CgZo H$hm
{H$ OwE ‘| ¶w{Y{ð>a Zo nhbo AnZo H$mo Xmd na bJm¶m Wm Am¡a hma H$a do
Jwbm‘ ~Z MwH$o Wo& Jwbm‘ AnZo g^r {ZOr A{YH$ma Imo XoVm h¡ Vmo {’$a
Jwbm‘ Ûmam bJm¶o J¶o Xmdm| H$s d¡YVm hr H$hm± ahr& nyar g^m {Zê$Îma hmo JB©
qH$Vw Xþï> H$U© Zo, CÎma Z XoVo hþE, {dH$U© H$mo S>mQ§ > bJmB© Am¡a hmW nH$‹S> H$a
~mha bo J¶m Am¡a OmVo g‘¶ Xþ…emgZ H$mo nm§S>dm| Ho$ VWm Ðm¡nXr Ho$ ^r dó
CVmaZo H$m {ZX©e o {X¶m & ¶hm± {dH$U© H$s ~mV h‘Zo Bg{b¶o CX²YV¥ H$s h¡
{Oggo ¶h ~mV ñnï> hmo OmVr h¡ {H$ ewÕ ‘Z dmbm ì¶{º$ Ý¶m¶ H$s H¡$gr
gwÝXa {ddoMZm H$a nmVm h¡ O~{H$ AnZo "N>mQo >-o ñd' ‘| ~¡R>o ‘hmZ g‘Po
OmZo dmbo ì¶{º$ Eogm Zht H$a nmVo&
8. ÐmoUmMm¶© {eî¶m| ‘| nm§S>dm| H$mo CZHo$ gX²JUw m| Ho$ H$maU A{YH$
Am¡a AO©Zw H$mo gdm©{YH$ ào‘ H$aVo Wo qH$Vw O~ H$m¡ad-nm§S>d ¶wÕ H$m {ZU©¶
hþAm Vmo ¶h H$hVo hþE {H$ ‘Zwî¶ H$mo AW© H$m Xmg ~ZZm n‹S>Vm h¡, CÝhm|Zo
H$m¡ad nj H$m ZoVË¥ d ñdrH$ma {H$¶m&
9. EH$ ~ma AY‘© nW na n¡a ~‹T>m XoZo na ì¶{º$ AY‘m©MaU Ho$
XbXb ‘| H¡$gm Sy>~Vm OmVm h¡ BgH$m CXmhaU h¡ A{^‘Ý¶w dY H$s KQ>Zm&
AO©Zw -nwÌ dra ~mbH$ A{^‘Ý¶w H$mo gmV ‘hma{W¶m| Ûmam {‘bH$a ‘maZo ‘|
ÐmoUmMm¶© ^r em{‘b Wo& {Z…eó hþE A{^‘Ý¶w H$s hË¶m H$s OmVo g‘¶

CZH$m Y‘m©MaU H¡$gm bwá hmo J¶m Wm?
10. ñdmW© ‘| Sy>~o ì¶{º$ H$s d’$mXmar ^r {H$VZr {N>N>br hmoVr h¡ ¶h
ÐmoUmMm¶© Ho$ ¶wÓ ‘§o ‘mao OmZo dmbr KQ>Zm Ho$ ã¶moao go àH$Q> hmoVr h¡& ¶wÕ Ho$
gmobhd| {XZ goZmn{V ÐmoUmMm¶© nm§S>d goZm H$m ^¶§H$a {dZme H$a aho Wo
Am¡a AO©Zw g{hV H$moB© ^r CÝh| namñV Zht H$a nm ahm Wm& V~ lrH¥$îU Zo
EH$ Cnm¶ ~Vm¶m& CÝh| ÐmoUmMm¶© H$s nwÌ Ho$ à{V Agr‘ Amg{º$ H$m nVm
Wm& CÝh| {dídmg Wm {H$ AídËWm‘m H$s ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ g‘mMma go do {dM{bV hmo
Om¶|Jo Am¡a V~ CÝh| ¶wÓ ‘| OrV nmZm g§^d hmoJm& AV… AídËWm‘m Ho$ ‘mao
OmZo H$s PyR>r I~a ’¡$bm¶r JB© qH$Vw ÐmoUmMm¶© H$mo Bg I~a na {dídmg
Zht hþAm, V~ gXm gË¶ ~mobZo dmbo ¶w{Y{ð>a go nw{ï> H$amZo hoVw CZ na
Xdm~ ~Zm¶m J¶m VWm ^r‘ Zo AnZr goZm Ho$ hr AídËWm‘m Zm‘H$ hmWr
H$mo ‘ma S>mbm Am¡a ¶w{Y{ð>a Zo ÐmoUmMm¶© Ho$ nmg OmH$a D±$Mr AmdmO ‘| Vmo
H$hm "AídËWm‘m hVmo' Am¡a Yrao go H$hm‹ "Z Zamo d Hw$ÄOamo'& Yr‘o H$ho J¶o
Am¡a H$mobmhb ‘| Sy>~ J¶o eãXm| H$mo gwZ Z nmZo Ho$ H$maU ÐmoUmMm¶© gwY-~wY
Imo ~¡R>&o H$V©ì¶ ^ybH$a do eó ’§$o H$ H$a aW ‘| ~¡R> J¶o& Cgr g‘¶ nm§S>d
goZmn{V Y¥ï>Úåw Z Zo, Omo ÐmoU Ûmam WmoS‹ >r Xoa nhbo hr {nVm ÐþnX Ho$ dY H$a
{X¶o OmZo go H«$moY go âm Wm, ÐmoU Ho$ aW na Hy$X H$a Vbdma go CZH$s
JX©Z H$mQ> Xr&
¶hm± d{U©V KQ>ZmH«$‘ ‘o§ EH$m{YH$ g§Xe o {Z{hV h¢& àW‘ h‘ {dMma
H$a| {H$ ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo ¶hm± ÐmoU Ho$ M[aÌ H$mo {H$g a§J go {M{ÌV {H$¶m h¡&
¶hm± ¶h ~Vbm¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ Amg{º$ AmX‘r H$s H$V©ì¶ {Zð>m H$mo ^r H¡$go
Zï> H$a XoVr h¡& Cg g‘¶ ÐmoUmMm¶© H$m¡ad goZm Ho$ goZmn{V Wo qH$Vw nwÌ H$s
‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ g‘mMma go Eogo {dM{bV hþE ‘mZmo nwÌ Zht daZ² goZm H$m A{Yn{V
(amOm) hr ‘ma S>mbm J¶m hmo, ~pëH$ Cg Xem ‘| ^r goZmn{V H$m H$V©ì¶ Vmo
¶h ~ZVm h¡ {H$ AnZo g¡{ZH$m| Ho$ {hV ‘| dh C{MV H$X‘ CR>m¶o& qH$Vw ÐmoU
Vmo Bg àH$ma Ho$ g^r H$V©ì¶m| go CXmgrZ hmoH$a Ho$db nwÌ AídËWm‘m Ho$
à{V Amg{º$ ‘| Sy>~o Wo&
dñVwV… Vmo do AO©Zw g{hV nm§S>dm| Ho$ {déÕ Xþï> H$m¡adm| H$s Amoa go

¶wÕ H$aZo H$mo V¡¶ma hr AídËWm‘m Ho$ H$maU hr hþE Wo& nm§S>dm| H$mo CZHo$
gX²JU w m| Ho$ H$maU do MmhVo Wo qH$Vw b‹S>o H$m¡adm| H$s Amoa go& Bg {ZU©¶ ‘|
CZH$s AnZo ^{dî¶ H$s {MÝVm H$s ^r ³¶m H$moB© ^y{‘H$m Wr,¶h Vmo ñnï>
Zht h¡ qH$Vw AídËWm‘m Ho$ H$maU hr do H$m¡adm| H$s Amoa go b‹S>,o ¶h ~mV
Xþ¶m}YZ Ho$ EH$ H$WZ go {gÕ hmo OmVr h¡& AídËWm‘m Xþ¶m©Yo Z Am{X H$m
JhZ {‘Ì Wm Am¡a ¶wÕ go nyd© Xþ¶m©Yo Z Zo Y¥Vamï´> H$mo O~ AnZr {dO¶ Ho$
à{V CÝh| AmídñV {H$¶m Wm Vmo ÐmoUmMm¶© H$m¡adm| H$s Amoa go hr b‹S>J| o Bg
H$m {dídmg Bgr AmYma na {Xbm¶m Wm {H$ ÐmoU AnZo nwÌ H$s BÀN>m H$m hr
nmbZ H$a|J&o
Cnamoº$ KQ>Zm Ho$ dU©Z ‘| Xÿgam g§Xe o ¶h {Z{hV h¡ {H$ à{VemoY, Omo
{H$ Ah§H$ma go hr CËnÞ hmoVm h¡, CgH$s AmJ nr‹T>r Xa nr‹T>r ^r YYH$Vr
ahH$a gd©Zme H$m H$maU ~Z gH$Vr h¡ ¶{X H$moB© Cgo g‘PXmar go ~wPmZo
dmbm Z Am¶o&
gmam§e Am¡a {Xem~moY
ÐmoUmMm¶©, ÐþnX Am{X nmÌm| Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo h‘|
{ZX©{o eV {H$¶m h¡ {H$ h‘ AnZo AÝXa Pm§H$ H$a XoI| {H$ H$ht h‘ ^r Vmo BZ
nmÌm| Ho$ g‘mZ Ah§H$ma O{ZV Amg{º$ Am¡a à{VemoY O¡go XþJUw© m| Ho$ XbXb
‘| Vmo Zht ’§$go n‹S>o h¢? BZ nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌm| H$m qMVZ H$aVo hþE ¶{X h‘
AnZo ì¶{º$Ëd ‘| BZ nmÌm| H$s nhMmZ H$a boVo h¢ Vmo {’$a BZ go {Zé{nV
AdJwUm| go Nw>Q>H$mao H$m Cnm¶ OmZZo H$s ^r h‘ ‘| dmñV{dH$ {Okmgm OmJ«V
hmoJr& ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo JrVm ‘| lrH¥$îU H$s dmUr ‘| {ZîH$m‘H$‘© Ho$ gmW
na‘mË‘ gÎmm H$m gVV AZw{MÝVZ dmbm Omo gab ‘mJ© ~Vm¶m h¡ Cg na
MbZo H$m g§H$ën ^r ¶{X h‘ ‘| n¡Xm hmo OmVm h¡ Vmo dh h‘mao AmÜ¶mpË‘H$
CËWmZ Ho$ ‘mJ© Ho$ ~ÝX XadmOo IwbZo O¡gm H$m¶© hmoJm&

‘ÐamO eë¶
nyd© boI ‘| h‘Zo aOmoJUw r nmÌm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| ÐmoUmMm¶© H$m {dñVmanydH© $
Am¡a amOm ÐþnX VWm CZHo$ nwÌ Y¥ï>ÚwåZ Ho$ M[aÌm|o H$m g§{já AÜ¶¶Z
{H$¶m& A~ h‘ Bgr H$mo{Q> Ho$ EH$ Am¡a à‘wI nmÌ ‘Ð Xoe Ho$ amOm
eë¶ H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$a|Jo& ‘hm^maV H$m ¶h aOmoJwUr nmÌ ^r h‘mao
AÝXa ~hþYm ‘yV© ê$n YmaU H$a boVm h¡ {Ogo nhMmZ boZm h‘mao {b¶o
~hþV Amdí¶H$ h¡&
eë¶ EH$ àVmnr amOm Ho$ ê$n ‘| d{U©V hþE h¢& ¶o ZHw$b Am¡a
ghXod H$s ‘mVm ‘mÐr Ho$ ^«mVm Wo AV… nm§S>dm| Ho$ ‘m‘m Wo& ñdm^m{dH$
hr nm§S>dm| Zo BÝh| ‘hm^maV ¶wÕ ‘| AnZr ghm¶Vm hoVw {Z‘§{ÌV {H$¶m
Wm& do ~‹S>r ^mar goZm boH$a Am¶o ^r {H$ÝVw ‘mJ© ‘| Xþ¶m©oYZ Zo BZH$m
Am¡a BZH$s goZm H$m Eogm ^ì¶ ñdmJV gËH$ma Am¡a gwI gw{dYm H$s
ì¶dñWm H$s {H$ BÝhmo|Zo Xþ¶m©oYZ H$s Amoa go ¶wÕ ‘| em{‘b hmoZo H$m
{ZíM¶ H$a {b¶m& Xþ¶m©oYZ H$s Cg AVwbZr¶ ì¶dñWm go amOm eë¶
H$mo ¶h {ZíM¶ hmo J¶m {H$ H$hm± Vmo H$m¡adm| H$s dh gmYZ gånÞVm
VWm ^rî‘, ÐmoU, H$U© O¡go AVwbZr¶ ¶moÕmAm| g{hV AZoH$ g‘«mQ>m|
H$m gmW Am¡a H$hm± {JZoMwZo amOmAm| H$m gh¶moJ àmá H$a gH$Zo dmbo
nm§S>d& nm§S>d ^mZoO Adí¶ Wo {H$ÝVw H$m¡ad nj H$s {dO¶ {ZpíMV
OmZH$a CÝhm|Zo AnZm {hV Bgr ‘| XoIm {H$ CÝh| H$m¡adm| H$s Amoa go
b‹S>Zm Mm{h¶o& Xþ¶m©oYZ H$mo AnZo gh¶moJ H$m AmídmgZ XoH$a do ¶w{Y{ð>a
go {‘bo Am¡a IoX ì¶º$ H$aVo hþE H$hm {H$ EH$ ~‹S>r AZno{jV KQ>Zm
KQ>Zo go do Y‘©g§H$Q> ‘| n‹S> J¶o h¢& ‘mJ© ‘| CZH$s goZm H$s Amoa CZH$s
~‹S>r gwÝXa ì¶dñWm hþB© Wr {Ogo ‘¡§Zo Vwåhmar ì¶dñWm g‘PH$a
A{YH$m[a¶m| H$mo nwañH¥$V H$aZm Mmhm Vmo Xþ¶m©oYZ Zo ñd¶§ CnpñWV
hmoH$a Am¡a ¶h H$hH$a {H$ ³¶m ‘¢ Cgo ^mZoO Zht ‘mZVm, ‘wPgo
nwañH$ma Ho$ ê$n ‘| AnZr (H$m¡ad nj H$s) ghm¶Vm H$m dMZ bo {b¶m&
¶w{Y{ð>a ‘m‘m eë¶ Ho$ {ZU©¶ Ho$ nrN>o CZH$s gmoM H$mo ^m§n J¶o Am¡a

CZHo$ {ZU©¶ H$mo C{MV R>hamVo hþE AnZo BZ na‘ ñdmWu ‘m‘m go AnZo
(nm§S>d) nj Ho$ {b¶o ^r ¶h dMZ àmá H$a {b¶m {H$ ¶{X ¶wÕ ‘| H$U©
Am¡a AO©wZ H$m grYm Am‘Zm-gm‘Zm hmo, {OgH$s à~b gå^mdZm Wr,
Vmo Cg g‘¶ eë¶ H$U© H$mo CËgmhhrZ Am¡a {Zame H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ
H$aHo$ nm§S>d nj H$s ‘XX ^r H$a gH$Vo h¢& dñVwV… Bg dMZ go ñdmWu
eë¶ Ho$ ‘Z ‘| ¶h {dMma AmH$ma boZo bJm {H$ H$U© Vmo goZmn{V ^rî‘
Am¡a ÐmoUmMm¶© Ho$ ~mX hr ~ZoJm Am¡a V^r H$U© Am¡a AO©wZ H$m Am‘Zm-
gm‘Zm hmoJm Am¡a ¶{X H$U© ^r AO©wZ Ho$ hmWm| ‘ma S>mbm J¶m Vmo {’$a
Xþ¶m©oYZ CÝh| (eë¶ H$mo) hr goZmn{VËd H$m ^ma gm¡n|Jo Am¡a V~ ¶{X
do ^r‘/AO©wZ H$mo ‘maZo ‘| g’$b hmo gHo$, O¡gm {H$ CÝh| ñd¶§ na
{dídmg Wm, Vmo Bg ‘hm¶wÕ Ho$ {dOoVm Ho$ ê$n ‘| CZH$s pñW{V gdm}ƒ
hmo Om¶oJr, ³¶m|{H$ V~ e{º$eyÝ¶ Xþ¶m©oYZ Vmo Zm‘‘mÌ H$m amOm hmoJm,
do ñd¶§ (eë¶) hr Bg gånyU© ^y-^mJ Ho$ g‘«mQ> ‘mZo Om¶|Jo&
ñnï> hr eë¶ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ¶hm°§ h‘ EH$ A{V ñdmW©{Zð> Am¡a
{gÕmÝVhrZ ì¶{º$Ëd H$m {MÌ XoIVo h¢& dñVwV… ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Bg
nmÌ H$mo ñdmW© ‘| AmH$ÊR> Sy>~r ~w{Õ Ho$ àVrH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ~‹S>o {dñVma go
amoMH$ ~ZmH$a H$U© nd© (87.92 go 110) ‘o {M{ÌV {H$¶m h¡& H$U© Ho$
gmaWr eë¶ h¢ Am¡a AO©wZ Ho$ lrH¥$îU& amoMH$ dU©Z Bg ê$n ‘| àmaå^
hmoVm h¡ {H$ H$U© Ho$ aW H$s ÜdOm na hmWr H$s gm§H$b H$m {MÝh h¡ Am¡a
ÜdOm H$m AmH$ma {dfYa gn© O¡gm Wm, VWm AO©wZ Ho$ aW H$s ÜdOm
na H${nloð> (hZw‘mZ) A§{H$V Wo& gd©àW‘, AO©wZ Ho$ aW H$s ÜdOm
na A§{H$V hþZ‘mZ Zo H$U© H$s ÜdOm na AmH«$‘U H$aHo$ Cgo Vhg-
Zhg H$a {X¶m& {’$a gma{W¶m| ‘| Ñ{ï> ¶wÕ hþAm {Og‘| H¥$îU Ho$
ZoÌê$nr ~mUm| go eë¶ nam{OV hmo OmVm h¡& Cgr g‘¶ H$U© AnZo
gma{W eë¶ go nyN>Vm h¡ {H$ ¶{X AmO aU ‘| AOw©Z go ‘¡§ ‘mam OmD±$
Vmo Vw‘ g§J«m‘ ‘oo§ ³¶m H$amoJo? Bg na eë¶ Zo CÎma {X¶m {H$ Cg
pñW{V ‘| ‘¢ AHo$bm hr Bg aW Ho$ Ûmam lrH¥$îU Am¡a AO©wZ XmoZm| H$m
hr dY H$a S>mby±Jm& dU©Z h¡ {H$ AOw©Z Zo ^r Cgr g‘¶ lrH¥$îU go ¶hr

àíZ nyN>m Vmo lrH¥$îU H$m CÎma Wm {H$ "^bo hr gy¶© AnZo nW go
{dM{bV hmo Om¶o, g‘wÐ gyI Om¶o, A{¾ erVb hmo Om¶o {H$ÝVw H$U©
Vwåh| (AO©wZ H$mo) ‘ma Zht gH$Vm&' ¶hm± eë¶ Am¡a lrH¥$îU ê$n Xmo
gma{W¶m| Ho$ {^Þ gmoM H$m {X½Xe©Z H$am¶m J¶m h¡& lrH¥$îU AO©wZ Ho$
gƒo {hV¡fr gIm h¢ Omo Cgo CËgmh go âH$a {dO¶r ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o
H¥$Vg§H$ën h¢, Xygar Amoa eë¶ AnZo Ah§H$ma (Am¡a ñdmW©) ‘| Sy>~m
hþAm gma{W h¡ Omo MmhVm h¡ {H$ H$U© erK« ‘mam Om¶ Vmo goZmn{VËd H$m
nX Cgo hr {‘b Om¶o&
a{W-gma{W dmbo BZ {MÌm| H$s AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ì¶m»¶m h‘|
H$R>mon{ZfX (1.3.3) Am¡a JrVm (1.14) go àmá hmoVr h¡& XmoZmo§ dU©Zm|
‘| aW àVrH$ h¡ eara H$m, Kmo‹S>o h¢ BpÝÐ¶m±, ‘Z bJm‘ h¡, a{W OrdmË‘m
h¡, {H$ÝVw gma{W H$m àVrH$mW© XmoZm| J«ÝWm| ‘| Wmo‹S>m {^Þ h¡& H$R>mon{ZfX
‘| gma{W H$mo {ddoH$-~w{Õ H$hm J¶m h¡ Am¡a JrVm ‘| OrdmË‘m go CƒVa
gÎmm Ho$ ê$n ‘| lrH¥$îU H$mo ~¡R>m¶m J¶m h¡, Am¡a CÝhm|Zo ñd¶§ AnZm ¶h
n[aM¶ BZ eãXm| ‘o {X¶m h¡-"J{V^©Vm© à^w… gmjr {Zdmg… eaU§ gwöV²'
AWm©V² do OrdmË‘m H$mo na‘² bú¶ VH$ nhþþ§MmZo dmbo, CgHo$ ñdm‘r,
Aml¶ Am¡a {‘Ì h¢ (9.18)& dñVwV… Cn{ZfXm| Ho$ gwà[gÕ "ÛmgwnUm©...'
‘ÝÌ ‘| OrdmË‘m Am¡a Cggo CƒVa gËËmm H$mo d¥j na ~¡R>r Xmo {M{‹S>¶m|
Ho$ ê$n ‘| d{U©V {H$¶m J¶m h¡ {OZ‘| EH$ (OrdmË‘m) Vmo g§gma Ho$
IÅ>o-‘rR>o ’$b ImH$a gwIr-Xþ…Ir hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Xÿgar Ho$db Ñï>m,
OrdmË‘m H$s gIm Am¡a ‘mJ©Xe©H$ h¡& {H$ÝVw ‘hm^maV Ho$ Cnamoº$ {MÌ
‘| AO©wZ-lrH¥$îU dmbo aW Ho$ A{V[aº$ {Og Xÿgao aW H$mo, {Og na
a{W-gma{W Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$U©-eë¶ Amê$‹T h¢, I‹S>m {H$¶m J¶m h¡ Cg‘|
{Z{hV g§Xoe H$mo OmZZm ^r Amdí¶H$ h¡& Bg Xÿgao aW na Hw$g§J{V ‘|
n‹S>H$a ^«ï> nWJm‘r hþB© OrdmË‘m H$mo H$U© Ho$ ê$n ‘| Am¡a ñdmW© ‘| Sy>~r
~w{Õ H$mo eë¶ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {M{ÌV H$aHo$ gd©Zme H$s Amoa bo OmZo dmbr
pñW{V¶m| Ho$ à{V h‘| AmJmh {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
amOm eë¶ Zo H$U© Ho$ aW H$m gma{W ~ZZm H¡$go ñdrH$ma {H$¶m

¶h d¥VmÝV ^r eë¶ H$s ‘mZ{gH$Vm na àH$me S>mbVm h¡& ÐmoUmMm¶© Ho$
~mX O~ 16 d| {XZ H$U© H$mo H$m¡ad goZm H$m goZmn{VËd gm¡§nm J¶m Vmo
CgZo ^¶§H$a ¶wÕ {H$¶m {H$ÝVw dh nmÊS>dm| na H$moB© {ZUm©¶H$ {dO¶
Zht àmá H$a nm¶m& V~ AJbo {XZ (¶wÕ Ho$ 17 d| {XZ) àmV… H$U© Zo
Xþ¶m©oYZ H$mo AnZr ¶moOZm ~VmVo hþE H$hm {H$ AmO ‘¢ AOw©Z H$mo ‘maH$a
nm§S>dm| na {ZUm©¶H$ OrV ñWm{nV H$aZm MmhVm h±ÿ& AOw©Z go ‘¢ {H$gr
^r àH$ma H$‘Omoa Zht h±ÿ& AO©wZ Ho$ nmg ¶{X JmÊS>rd YZwf h¡ Vmo ‘oao
nmg ^r naewam‘Or H$m "{dO¶' Zm‘H$ dh {Xì¶ YZwf h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam
CÝhm|Zo n¥Ïdr Ho$ g^r j{Ì¶m| na B¸$sg ~ma {dO¶ àmá H$s Wr Am¡a
Cg YZwf H$m g§MmbZ ^r CÝhm|Zo Ho$db ‘wPo {gIm¶m Wm& dñVwV…
AO©wZ ‘| Eogr e{º$ ^r Zht h¡ {H$ dh ¶wÕ ‘| ‘oam doJ gh gHo$ qH$Vw
{Og ~mV ‘| ‘¢ AOw©Z go hrZ (H$‘) ah OmVm h±ÿ Am¡a AO©wZ ‘wP go
A{YH$ hmo OmVm h¡ dh ¶h h¡ {H$ AOw©Z H$mo lrH¥$îU O¡gm Hw$eb
aW-g§MmbH$ àmßV h¡ Am¡a ‘wPo d¡gm gma{W àmá Zht h¡& {H$ÝVw Cg
H$‘r H$mo h‘ loð>Vm ‘| ^r ~Xb gH$Vo h¢ ³¶m|{H$ h‘mao nj ‘o§ amOm
eë¶ h¢ Omo "Aíd {dkmZ' ‘| lrH¥$îU go A{YH$ loð> h¡ Am¡a ‘¢
YZw{d©kmZ ‘| AOw©Z go loð> hÿ± (H$U© nd©, AÜ¶m¶-31)& AV… ¶{X
amOm eë¶ ‘oao aW Ho$ g§MmbZ H$m H$m¶© g§^mb b| Vmo h‘mar {dO¶
gw{ZpíMV hmoJr&
V~ Xþ¶m©oYZ Zo eë¶ go H$U© H$m gma{W ~ZZo Ho$ {b¶o àmW©Zm H$s
{Ogo gwZH$a eë¶ ^‹S>H$ CR>o& eë¶ Zo H$hm {H$ Vw‘ ‘oam An‘mZ H$a
aho hmo& ‘¢ Vmo ¶wÕ ‘| H$U© H$mo AnZo g‘mZ ^r Zht {JZVm& amO{f©¶m| Ho$
Hw$b ‘| CËnÞ hþAm ‘¢ Bg ZrM Om{V Ho$ gyV nwÌ H$m gma{W H¡$go ~Z
gH$Vm h±ÿ? Eogm H$h H$a eë¶ amOmAm| Ho$ ~rM go CR>H$a OmZo bJo&
V~ Xþ¶m©oYZ Zo CÝh| ~‹S>o AmXa¶wº$ Am¡a ‘Ywa dMZ ~mobH$a OmZo go
amoH$m Am¡a H$hm {H$ Amn ‘oao VmËn¶© H$mo Zht g‘Po& ‘¢ H$U© H$mo Vmo
AO©wZ go Ho$db eó kmZ ‘| hr loð> ‘mZVm h±ÿ {H$ÝVw Amn Vmo H$U© go
^r loð> h¡ Am¡a (Aíd) {dÚm ‘| Vmo lrH¥$îU go {ÛJwU h¡& H$U© Aíd

{dÚm OmZVm hmoVm Vmo dh AmnH$m gma{W ~ZVm Am¡a AO©wZ H$mo ‘maZo
H$m Xm{¶Ëd ‘¢ {ZíM¶ hr AmnH$mo gm¢nVm& BgHo$ gmW hr Xþ¶m©oYZ Zo
^JdmZ {ed Ûmam {Ìnwamgwa Ho$ dY H$s dh JmWm H$hr {Og‘| bmoH$ g¥ï>m
^½mdmZ ~«÷m Zo {ed Ho$ {Xì¶ aW H$m gma{W ~Z H$a AmH$me ‘| Cg
Agwa Ho$ VrZ XþJmªo na AmH«$‘U H$aHo$ Cg AOo¶ Agwa Ho$ dY {H$¶o
OmZo ‘| ¶moJXmZ {H$¶m Wm& Xþ¶m©oYZ Zo H$hm {H$ ¶wÕ ‘| AmO H$U© ê$Ð
H$s ^y{‘H$m Am¡a Amn Xodm{YXod ~«÷m H$s ^y{‘H$m {Z^m H$a ‘oao Cg
H$m¶© H$mo gånÞ H$a| {OgH$m AmnZo ‘wPo dMZ {X¶m Wm& ¶h ñVw{V
dMZ gwZH$a eë¶ ~hþV àgÞ hþAm Am¡a dh H$U© H$m gma{W ~ZZo Ho$
{b¶o ghf© V¡¶ma hmo J¶m&
qH$Vw O¡go hr aW ¶wÕ ^y{‘ ‘| AmJo ~‹Tm Am¡a H$U© Zo Omoe ‘|
âH$a H$hm {H$ AmO ‘¢ nm§Mmo nm§S>dm| H$m dY H$aHo$ {XImD±$Jm Vmo
eë¶ go ahm Zht J¶m Am¡a CgZo H$hm {H$ H$U©, O~ AO©wZ Am¡a
CZHo$ dra ^mB©¶m| go Vwåhmam gm‘Zm hmoJm V~ Vwåhmar BZ Jdm©o{º$nyU©
~mVm| H$m ImoIbmnZ gm‘Zo Am Om¶oJm& qH$Vw BYa H$U© H$s Jdm©o{º$
~ÝX Zht hþB© Am¡a Xÿgar Amoa eë¶ Ûmam nm§S>dmo§ H$s draVm H$m ~ImZ
Am¡a H$U© H$m Cnhmg {H$¶m OmZm ~‹TVo ~‹TVo Vy-Vy ‘¢-‘¡§ VH$ nhþ±M
J¶m& BVZm hr Zht, eë¶ Zo H$U©- AO©wZ H$s VwbZm gn©-Jé‹S>,
Hw$Îmm-~mK, JrX‹S>-qgh, Myhm-{~bmd, H$m¡dm-h§g Am{X go H$aVo hþE
H$hm {H$ AO©wZ ~b ‘| Am¡a eó kmZ ‘| Vmo Vw‘go H$ht A{YH$ h¡ hr,
‘mZdr¶ JwUm| H$s Ñ{ï> go Vmo Vw‘ Cggo VwbZm ¶mo½¶ ^r Zht hmo
³¶m|{H$ Vw‘ Xþï>Vm Ho$ Am¡a AO©wZ gX²JwUm| H$m ^§S>ma h¡& V~ H$U©
g‘P J¶m {H$ eë¶ ‘| CgHo$ à{V {‘Ì ^md Vmo Wm hr Zht, dh Vmo
Cgo S>amZo Am¡a hVmoËgm{hV H$aZm hr Mmh ahm Wm (39.11, 42.24)&
Eogr pñW{V ‘| H$U© H$m eë¶ Ho$ à{V jmo^ BVZm ~‹Tm {H$ CgZo eë¶
Ho$ Xoe (‘Ð Xoe)Ho$ {Zdm{g¶m| Am¡a dhm± [ó¶m| Ho$ M[aÌm| H$mo {ZÝXZr¶
~VmVo hþE H$hm {H$ {OZHo$ ¶hm± g^r ór-nwéf EH$ Xþgao go H$m‘
gånH©$ Am¡a nmn H$‘m©ªo ‘o {bá ahVo h¢, CZ‘| Y‘© H¡$go ah gH$Vm h¡

(H$U© nd© 40.25 go 30), b‚mm H$mo {Vbm§O{b Xo MwH$s ‘Ð {Zdm{gZr
{ó¶m| Ho$ Vw‘ nwÌ hmo Bgr H$maU Vw‘ ¶hm°§ Eogr ({‘Ì-Ðmoh ¶wº$) ~mV|
H$a aho hmo (40.37go 42)& ‘¢ OmZVm hÿ°§ {H$ lrH¥$îU Am¡a AOw©Z XmoZm|
‘hmZ dra h¡ § {H$ÝVw ‘¢ ^r CZgo H$‘ Zht h±y Am¡a Vw‘ ‘wPo S>am H$a
AnZo H$V©ì¶ go À¶wV Zh§§r§ H$a gH$Vo (42.3)&
H$U© H$mo níMmVmn hmoZo bJm {H$ CgZo ñd¶§ hr eë¶ H$mo AnZo
aW g§MmbZ Ho$ {bE gma{W ³¶m| MwZm? O~ ¶h {dMma CgHo$ ‘Z na
N>mZo bJm Vmo Cgo nhbo H$^r g§¶moJde EH$ ~«m÷U go {‘bo emn H$s
ñ‘¥{V hmo AmB©& n[aUm‘ ¶h hþAm {H$ H$U© ~mha Vmo gmhg àX{e©V H$a
ahm Wm {H$ÝVw AÝXa go dh AnZr {dO¶ Ho$ à{V nyU© AmídñV Zht ah
gH$m, Am¡a eë¶ MmhVm ^r ¶hr Wm ³¶m|{H$ Cgo, O¡gm {H$ h‘ nyd© ‘|
H$h MwHo$ h¢, AnZm {hV H$U© H$m dY hmoZo ‘| hr {XI ahm Wm&
AO©wZ Ûmam H$U© H$m dY H$a {X¶o OmZo Ho$ ~mX AnojmZwê$n eë¶
hr H$m¡adm| Ho$ goZmn{V ~Zo {H$ÝVw do AO©wZ Vmo ³¶m ¶w{Y{ð>a go hr
namñV hmoH$a Ho$db Hw$N> KÝQ>mo§ ‘o hr ‘ma S>mbo J¶o& ¶w{Y{ð>a Ûmam eë¶
dY H$m d¥ËmmÝV ^r h‘mao {b¶o EH$ AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ g§Xoe go ¶wº$ h¡&
O~ H$m¡ad nj H$m goZmn{V eë¶ H$mo ~Zm¶m J¶m Vmo, dU©Z h¡
{H$, CÝho namñV H$aZo H$m Xm{¶Ëd lrH¥$îU Zo ¶w{YpîR>a H$mo gm¢nm& ¶h
~mV {d{MÌ Bgr{b¶o bJVr h¡ {H$ eë¶ EH$ à{gÕ ¶moÕm Wm {OgHo$
dY H$m Xm{¶Ëd AOw©Z H$mo hr {X¶m OmZm ¶w{º$g§JV hmoVm& {H$ÝVw BgHo$
nrN>o Omo AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ g§Ho$V {H$¶m J¶m h¡ Cgo ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo lrH¥$îU
Ho$ eãXm| ‘| B§{JV {H$¶m h¡& lrH¥$îU ¶w{Y{ð>a go H$hVo h¢-
"‘¢ amOm eë¶ H$mo AÀN>r Vah OmZVm h±ÿ& § § § § § ‘¢ ~hþV gmoMZo
na ^r Vwåhmao {gdm¶ AÝ¶ {H$gr ¶moÕm H$mo eë¶-dY Ho$ {b¶o gj‘
Zht XoIVm hÿ§°& § § § § AmnH$mo hr BZ ‘hmaWr eë¶ H$mo ‘maZm h¡ (eë¶
nd© 7.27,30,33)& BgHo$ ~mX O~ AJbo {XZ (¶wÕ Ho$ AR>mahdo {XZ)
àmV… eë¶ Ho$ goZmn{VËd ‘| H$m¡ad goZm Am¡a ¶w{Y{îR>a Ho$ goZmn{VËd
‘| nm§S>d goZm H$m ¶wÕ àma§^ hþAm Vmo Y¥ï>ÚwåZ,{eIÊS>r, ZHw$b-
ghXod, gmpË¶H$s, ^r‘ Am¡a AO©wZ ‘| go H$moB© ^r eë¶ H$m dY Zht
H$a nm ahm Wm& ¶w{Y{ð>a Zo V~ AnZo nj Ho$ BZ g‘ñV ¶moÕmAm| H$mo
~wbmH$a lrH¥$îU Ûmam nyd© g§Ü¶m H$mo H$hr JB© ~mV H$s ì¶m»¶m BZ eãXm|
‘| H$s-"~ÝYwAm|! ^rî‘, ÐmoU, H$U© Am{X Omo dra Xþ¶m©oYZ Ho$ {b¶o
namH«$‘ {XIm aho Wo CZH$mo ‘maH$a Vw‘ bmoJm| Zo AnZo-AnZo {hñgo H$m
H$m¶©nyam {H$¶m& A~ ¶o EH$‘mÌ eof ~Mo ‘hmaWr eë¶ ‘oao {hñgo ‘| n‹S>
J¶o h¢& A~ AmO ‘¢ AnZo {hñgo H$m H$m¶© nyU© H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ
H$é§Jm&'¶h H$hH$a ¶w{Y{ð>a Zo AnZo aW Ho$ Kmo‹S>m| H$m g§MmbZ ñd¶§ hr
H$aVo hþE eë¶ na ~hþV Vrd« AmH«$‘U {H$¶m Am¡a XmoZm| Amoa Ho$ ^¶§H$a
¶wÕ Ho$ ~mX eë¶ H$mo ¶w{Y{ð>a Zo ‘ma {Jam¶m&
¶hm± ñdmW© d¥{Îm Ho$ àVrH$ eë¶ H$m dY gË¶ AmMaU na Ñ‹TVm
Ho$ àVrH$ ¶w{Y{ð>a Ûmam hr g§^d hmoZo H$s ~mV H$mo aoIm§{H$V {H$¶m J¶m
h¡& Bg {~ÝXþ g{hV ^rî‘, ÐmoU, H$U© Am{X AÝ¶ ¶moÕmAm| H$m dY {Og
{Og nm§S>d dra Ûmam AHo$bo ¶m AÝ¶ {H$gr H$m ghmam boH$a {H$¶m J¶m
Am¡a H$m¡ad nj Ho$ ¶o ¶moÕm {H$VZo {XZ Ho$ ¶wÕ Ho$ CnamÝV ‘mao Om gHo$
BgH$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ AW© ³¶m hmo gH$Vm h¡ BgH$m AÜ¶¶Z h‘ AJbo
boI ‘| H$a|Jo&'

Hw$N> {ZåZ H$mo{Q> Ho$ nmÌm| H$s {ddoMZm
Y¥Vamï´> Am¡a CgHo$ nwÌ
Y¥Vamï´> H$s CËn{Îm H$s H$hmZr h‘ Bg boI‘mbm Ho$ {ÛVr¶ A§H$ ‘|
n‹T MwHo$ h¢& ¶h nmÌ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ Vm‘{gH$ ‘Zg H$m {Zê$nU H$aVm h¡m
BgHo$ OrdZ ‘§o kmZ H$m A^md {XIm¶m J¶m h¡ Am¡a Bg VÏ¶ H$mo aoIm§{H$V
H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o Cgo OÝ‘mÝY ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡&
"Y¥Vamï´>' eãX H$m ^mdmW© h¡ dh {Ogo amÁ¶/amï´> H$s ì¶dñWm
H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o (Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ {b¶o) A{YH¥$V {H$¶m J¶m hmo qH$Vw {OgZo
Cg na A{YH$ma O‘m {b¶m hmo& amOm nmÊSw> Ho$ dmZàñW J«hU H$aHo$ dZ
Mbo OmZo na ^rî‘ {nVm‘h Zo VmËH$m{bH$ ê$n go Y¥Vamï´> H$mo amÁ¶ H$m
‘w{I¶m ~Zm¶m Wm qH$Vw Y¥Vamï´> Zo AnZo H$mo amÁ¶ H$m dmñV{dH$ CÎmam{YH$mar
‘mZVo hþE Bg Adga H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ AnZo Á¶oîR> nwÌ Xþ¶m©oYZ H$mo,
amÁ¶ n[afX H$s gh‘{V {b¶o {~Zm, ¶wdamO ~Zm {X¶m, O~{H$ nmÊSw>nwÌ
¶w{Y[ð>a g^r amOHw$‘mam| ‘| Á¶oð>V‘ Wo& BVZm hr Zht, nmÊSw> nwÌm| Ho$
~b, draVm Am¡a ¶mo½¶Vm (^r‘ Ho$ ~b, AOw©Z H$s eómóm| ‘o§ {ZnwUVm,
¶w{Y{ð>a H$s CZH$s Cƒ Mm[a{ÌH$ JwUm| Ho$ H$maU ~‹TVr bmoH${à¶Vm) H$mo
XoIVo hþE nm§S>dm| Ho$ nj ‘| ^{dî¶ ‘| H$^r gÎmm n[adV©Z AWdm CgHo$
~§Q>dmao H$s g§^mdZm H$mo ^m§nVo hþE Y¥Vamï´> Zo AnZo gmbo eHw$Zr, nwÌ
Xþ¶m©Yo Z Am¡a Xþ…emgZ VWm BZHo$ {‘Ì H$U© H$s MÊS>mb Mm¡H$‹S>r Ho$ f‹S>¶ÝÌm|
Ûmam CZH$mo ‘adm S>mbZo Ho$ à¶ËZm| ‘| Jwá ê$n go gh‘{V AWdm g{H«$¶
gh¶moJ ^r {X¶m&
dñVwV… Y¥Vamï´> H$m OÝ‘mÝY hmoZm, {OgHo$ H$maU CÝh| amÁ¶ Z
XoVo hþE bKw ^«mVm nm§S>d H$mo amÁ¶ {X¶m J¶m Wm, EH$ {dewÕ àmH¥${VH$
g§¶moJ H$s Eogr KQ>Zm Wr {Oggo AZoH$ ì¶{º$ nr{‹S>V hmoVo aho h¢ qH$Vw
BgHo$ ~mX ^r do CÎm‘ Am¡a g’$b OrdZ Or boVo h¢, VWm gyaXmg Am¡a
A^r h‘mao g‘¶ Ho$ ‘hmË‘m eaUmZÝXOr O¡go Vmo Cg n[apñW{V H$m
ânya Cn¶moJ AnZr AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ gmYZm H$s {g{Õ ‘| H$a boVo h¢& qH$Vw
Y¥Vamï´> AnZo H$mo V‘g ê$nr AkmZmÝYH$ma go ~mha Zht {ZH$mb nmVm
h¡ Am¡a gånyU© n[adma, Hw$Qw>å~ VWm amï´> Ho$ {dZme H$m H$maU ~Z H$a ~mX
‘| nN>VmVm h¡ (Ñï>ì¶… ÐmoUnd©-A. 24, 85, 86, 114, 135, 183; H$U©nd©-
A.4, 8, 31; órnd©- A.1 íbmoH$ 13 go 15)&
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo amJ-Ûof ‘| Sy>~r CgH$s ~w{Õ H$m {MÌU H$aHo$ h‘|
MoVm¶m h¡ {H$ H$hr h‘ ^r Vmo Cgr àH$ma Ho$ AÝYËd ‘| Vmo Zht n‹S>o hþE
h¢? amOm Y¥Vamï´> H$mo ^rî‘, ÐmoU, {dXþa VWm AZoH$ F${f-‘w{Z Y‘©¶wº$
gbmh XoVo Wo {H$ÝVw CgH$s ‘Zmod¥{Îm Eogr Wr {H$ dh Y‘©¶wº$ ~mVm| Ho$
à{V AmXa ì¶º$ H$aVm Wm {H$ÝVw {ZU©¶ Am¡a H$m¶© H$m {ZînmXZ AnZr
amJ-ÛofmË‘H$ ~w{Ó go hr H$aVm Wm& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| EH$ CXmhaU H$m
C„oI dm§N>Zr¶ hmoJm&
amOHw$‘mam| H$s eómó {ejm g‘má hmoZo na AmMm¶© ÐmoU Zo Jwé
X{jUm Ho$ ê$n ‘o§ nm#mmb Zaoe ÐþnX H$mo ~§Xr ~ZmH$a CZHo$ g‘j àñVwV
H$aZo H$s ~mV H$hr Wr& hpñVZmnwa go goZm boH$a g^r amOHw$‘ma Jwé
ÐmoU H$mo gmW boH$a nm#mmb na AmH«$‘U H$aZo {ZH$bo& ¶wÕ àmaå^ hmoZo
go nyd© Xþ¶m©oYZ Zo H$hm {H$ dh nm§S>dm| H$mo gmW Zht boJm Am¡a H$U© VWm
^mBª¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm go Xþ«nX H$mo ~§Xr ~ZmH$a bo Am¶oJm& ÐmoUmMm¶© Zo Cgo
AZw‘{V Xo Xr qH$Vw dh namH«$‘r ÐþnX Ho$ AmJo Zht R>ha gH$m& V~ ÐmoU
Zo nm§S>dm| H$mo dh H$m¶© gm¢nm& nm§S>dm| Zo nmÄMmb goZm H$mo Vhg-Zhg H$a
{X¶m Am¡a ÐþnX Ho$ aW VH$ nhþ§M J¶o& AXå¶ gmhg Am¡a ’w$Vu H$m n[aM¶
XoVo hþE AOw©Z Vbdma boH$a ÐþnX Ho$ aW na Hy$X n‹S>o Am¡a CÝh| ~§Xr
~ZmH$a JwéÐmoU Ho$ gå‘wI bm I‹S>m {H$¶m& Bg H$m¶© go CËgm{hV hmoH$a
Y¥Vamï´> Zo gm‘«mÁ¶ {dñVma H$m H$m¶© nm§S>dm| H$mo gm¢nm& gm¡dra (dV©‘mZ
gm¡amï´>) go boH$a ¶dZ Xoe (¶yZmZ) VH$,VWm nyd© Ed§ X{jU Ho$ AZoH$
amÁ¶m| H$mo OrVH$a nm§S>dm| Zo Hw$é gm‘«mÁ¶ H$m {dñVma {H$¶m Am¡a Anma
YZ go amÁ¶ H$mo Eogm g‘¥Õ {H$¶m {H$ AO©wZ H$mo bmoJ "YZ‚m¶' Zm‘ go
nwH$maZo bJo&
qH$Vw nm§S>dm| H$s Bg Anyd© g’$bVm Am¡a à{g{Õ go Y¥Vamï´> ‘|

ghgm Xÿ{fV ^mdm| H$m CX¶ hþAm (Am{X nd©-A.138)& do {MÝVm ‘| n‹S> J¶o
{H$ Cº$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘o§ Xþ¶m©oYZ amÁ¶ na AmgrZ Zht hmo gHo$Jm& V~
CÝhm|Zo gX²{dMmadmZ g^mgXm| / ‘hmË‘mAm| H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a H${UH$ Zm‘H$
EH$ Hw${Q>b g^mgX go EH$mÝV ‘| nam‘e© {H$¶m (Am{X nd©-A. 139)&
O¡gr H$s Anojm Wr, Cg Hw${Q>b öX¶ Zo Xþï>VmnyU© gbmh Xr Omo Y¥Vamï´>
H$mo ^br bJr& H${UH$ Zo H$hm {H$ amOm H$mo Mm{h¶o {H$ namH«$‘r eÌw H$mo
AnZo eÌw^md H$m nVm ^r Z MbZo Xo Am¡a ‘m¡¡H$m bJVo hr CÝh| ZîQ>
H$adm Xo& .....nwÌ, {‘Ì, ^mB©, {nVm AWdm Jwé--H$moB© ^r ³¶m| Z hmo, Omo
eÌw Ho$ ñWmZ na Am Om¶± , d¡^d MmhZo dmbm amOm CÝh§o Adí¶ ‘ma
S>mbo& YmoIo go ‘maZm n‹S>o Vmo ^r g§H$moM Z H$ao, Bg Zr{V H$s Cnojm Z
H$ao (íbmoH$ 52, 53) & amOZ! AmnHo$ ^VrOo nm§S>d ~hþV ~bdmZ h¢, AV…
CZgo AnZr ajm hoVw Eogr Zr{V hr H$m‘ ‘| bm¶|o {Oggo AmnH$mo AmJo
nN>VmZm Z n‹S>o (íbmoH$ 92,93)& H«y$a H${UH$ Ho$ CnXoe go àoaUm nmH$a hr
Y¥Vamï´>Zo Hw§$Vr Am¡a nm§Mmo§ nm§S>dm| H$mo dmaUmdV ZJar Ho$ ‘obo ‘| ôOH$a
dhm± bmjmJ¥h ‘| Obm H$a ‘ma S>mbZo H$s eHw${Z Am{X H$s Hw$pËgV ¶moOZm
H$mo {H«$¶mpÝdV H$adm¶m Wm&
Cº$ KQ>Zm àmH¥${VH$ hmXgm Z hmoH$a EH$ Hw$pËgV ¶moOZm Wr Am¡a
Bg‘| Y¥Vamï´> H$s ^y{‘H$m Ho$ ~mao ‘| bmoJm| Ho$ ‘Z ‘| gÝXoh hmo J¶m Wm&
Bgr H$maU O~ Ðm¡nXr ñd¶§da go ¶h OJ Om{ha hmo J¶m {H$ nm§S>d
A{¾H$m§S> go Or{dV ~M J¶o Wo Vmo ^rî‘ Am{X H$s gbmh ‘mZ H$a Y¥Vamï´>
Zo Z MmhVo hþE ^r nm§S>dm| H$mo hpñVZmnwa ~wbm¶m Am¡a {’$a amÁ¶ H$m
~§Q>dmam H$aZm ñdrH$ma H$aHo$ Cg gÝXoh Ho$ {ZamH$aU H$aZo H$m à¶mg
{H$¶m& {H$ÝVw ¶h ~Q>dmam ^r CgZo Ý¶m¶g§JV Zht {H$¶m& nm§S>dm| H$mo
Im§S>dàñW H$m COm‹S> Am¡a Xñ¶wJ«ñV joÌ H$m amÁ¶ {X¶m {H$ÝVw O~
lrH¥$îU Ho$ ‘mJ©Xe©Z ‘| nm§S>dm| Zo Cº$ amÁ¶ H$mo ^r CÞ{V Ho$ {eIa na
nh§wMm H$a Am¡a g’$b amOgy¶ ¶k Ho$ Ûmam Cgo EH$ e{º$embr Am¡a
g‘¥Õ gm‘«mÁ¶ ‘| ~Xb {X¶m Vmo Bgo ^r h‹S>nboZo H$s Xþame¶Vm go
Xþ¶m©oYZ AmH«$mÝV hmo J¶m& eHw${Z Zo ‘m¶mdr OwAo go Bg bú¶ H$mo {gÕ

H$aZo H$s ¶moOZm ~ZmB© Am¡a Y¥Vamï´> Zo, ‘hm‘Zm {dXþa H$s MoVmdZr Ho$
{dnarV ^r, Bg H$nQ> ‘| g{H«$¶ ^y{‘H$m {Z^mB© CgH$m hr n[aUm‘ dh
KQ>Zm-H«$‘ Wm {Og‘| nm[adm[aH$ [aíVo, gä¶Vm Am¡a g§ñH¥${V, Y‘© Am¡a
‘mZdVm--g~ Hw$N> K¥Um, H«$moY Am¡a à{VemoY Ho$ ’¡$bVo XmdmZb ‘| ^ñ‘
hmoVo Mbo J¶o&
Bg nmÌ Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo h‘| MoVm¶m h¡ {H$ h‘| OrdZ
‘| KQ>Zo dmbr KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ à{V, Mmho do àmH¥${VH$ hm| AWdm ‘mZd
gå~ÝYm| go CËnÞ hm§o, nyar Vah gmdYmZ hmoH$a {ddoH$nyU© {ZU©¶ H$aZm
Mm{h¶o, AÝ¶Wm h‘mam AkmZ‘¶ {ZU©¶ ñd¶§ h‘mar Am¡a CZ g~H$s ^r
{OZgo h‘mam gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡, ~‹S>r ^mar hm{Z H$a gH$Vo h¢&
Y¥Vamï´> Ho$ gm¡ Am¡a EH$ nwÌ
g‘ñV nm¡am{UH$ gm{hË¶ ‘| {H$gr nmÌ Ho$ nwÌ H$m àVrH$mW© hmoVm
h¡ CgHo$ JwU ¶m d¥{Îm¶m±& Y¥Vamï´> Ho$ JmÝYmar go 100 nwÌ Am¡a 1 nwÌ
Xÿgar nËZr go hmoZm d{U©V h¡& Xþ¶m©oYZ Am{X g^r 100 nwÌ Xþï> d¥{Îm¶m|
go ¶wº$ Wo {H$ÝVw Xÿgar nËZr go hmoZo dmbm nwÌ ¶w¶wËgw-H$s d¥{Îm Y‘m©MaU
dmbr Wr& JrVmonXoe Ho$ ~mX O~ AO©wZ ¶wÕ Ho$ {b¶o nwZ… H${Q>~Õ hmo J¶m
V~ ¶w{Y{ð>a Zo nhbo Vmo ^rî‘, ÐmoU, eë¶ Am¡a H¥$nmMm¶© Ho$ MaU Ny>H$a
¶wÕ H$aZo H$s AZw‘{V Am¡a Amerdm©X àmá {H$¶m Am¡a V~ H$m¡ad goZm Ho$
~rM ‘| I‹S>o hmoH$a nwH$mam {H$ "Omo H$moB© dra h‘mao nj ‘| AmZm Mmho h‘
CgH$m ñdmJV H$a§oJo', Vmo ¶w¶Ëgw àgÞVm go gË¶ H$m S>§H$m nrQ>Vm hþAm
nm§S>d nj ‘| Mbm Am¶m (^rî‘ nd©-43.94 go 100)& ¶h {MÌm§H$Z dñVwV…
Cn{ZfXm| Ho$ Cg à{gÕ ‘ÝÌ-"eV§ M EH$m öX¶ñW Zm‹S>¶m...'-H$m
àVrH$mË‘H$ dU©Z h¡ {Og‘| B§{JV {H$¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ‘Z ‘| Omo
AZoH d¥{Îm¶| g§J«{hV ahVr h¢ CZ‘| go EH$ H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a AÝ¶ g^r AkmZ-
naH$ hmoZo go gm§gm[aH$ gwI-Xþ…Im| ‘| ^Q>H$mZo dmbr h¢ Am¡a dh EH$ d¥{Îm
na‘ gË¶/na‘mË‘m H$s Amoa bo OmZo dmbr h¡& Bg VÏ¶ H$s Amoa Ü¶mZ
AmH${f©V H$a h‘| AmË‘ AdbmoH$Z H$aVo ahZo hoVw MoVm¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ XoI|

{H$ OrdZ ‘| h‘ Cg EH$ D$Üd©Jm‘r d¥{Îm H$mo OrZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢
AWdm Y¥Vamï´> H$s Vah A§Yo hmoH$a AYmoJm‘r d¥{Îm¶m| H$mo hr OrVo ahVo h¢&
Cnamoº$ Xmo {dnarV {XemAm| dmbr d¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| 100 Am¡a
1 H$s g§»¶m H$mo h‘ BZH$s {H«$¶m e{º$ H$m AWm©V² à~bVm H$m ‘mn ^r
‘mZ gH$Vo h¢& BZ Xmo {XemAm| H$mo Cn{ZfXm| ‘| AgV Am¡a gV, V‘ Am¡a
Á¶mo{V, ‘¥Ë¶w Am¡a A‘¥V, VWm JrVm ‘| AkmZ ê$nm àH¥${V Am¡a kmZ ê$nm
nwéf VÎd H$hm J¶m h¡& BÝh| hr AmOH$b F$UmË‘H$Vm Am¡a YZmË‘H$Vm
H$hm OmVm h¡& Y¥Vamï´> Ho$ ì¶{º$Ëd ‘| F$UmË‘H$ VÎd à~b h¡ Am¡a YZmË‘H
VÎd ~hþV jrU h¡& ¶h VÏ¶ Bg ~mV go àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ {H$ O~ H$^r ^rî‘,
ÐmoU, lrH¥$îU AWdm H$moB© AÝ¶ ‘hmË‘m Cgo Hw$d¥{Îm ê$n Xþ¶m©Yo Z Ho$ {H«$¶m
H$bmnm| Ho$ à{V gmdYmZ H$aVo h¢ Vmo CgH$s ‘{V ‘| ^r gX²~{w Õ AënH$mb
Ho$ {b¶o OmJ«V hmoVr h¡ Am¡a dh Hw$n[aUm‘m| go S>a H$a Xþ¶m©Yo Z H$mo nm§S>dm| go
gpÝY H$a boZo H$s ~mV H$aZo bJVm h¡ {H$ÝVw O¡go hr Xþ¶m©oYZ AnZo {dO¶r
hmoZo Ho$ VH©$ àñVwV H$aVm h¡, CgH$m {ZU©¶ Xþ¶m©oYZ Ho$ AZwê$n hmoH$a dh
CgH$s ¶moOZm H$mo hr {H«$¶mpÝdV H$admVm h¡&
Y¥Vamï´> Ûmam gX²~w{Õ H$mo {Vbm§O{b {X¶o OmZo Am¡a Xþ¶m©oYZ H$s
Hw$~w{Õ H$m AZwgaU {H$¶o OmZo H$s ~mV H$mo ‘ÝÌr g§O¶ Zo ñd¶§ amOm
Y¥Vamï´> H$mo CZ AZoH$ Adgam| na H$hr h¡ O~-O~ ^r H$m¡ad nj Ho$
{H$gr ‘hmZ ¶moÕm-^rî‘, ÐmoU, H$U©, eë¶ Am¡a AÝV ‘| Xþ¶m©oYZ Ho$ hr
hVmhV hmoZo H$s gyMZm g§O¶ Hw$éjoÌ go hpñVZmnwa AmH$a CÝh| gwZmVm
h¡ Vmo Y¥Vamï´> níMmVmn H$aVo hþE H$hZo bJVo h¢ {H$ ‘yI© Xþ¶m©oYZ Zo ‘oar
(Y¥Vamï´> H$s) ~mV Zht ‘mZr, V~ V~ g§O¶ ñnï> H$hVm h¡ {H$ "‘hmamO!
BZ n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ {b¶o Vmo Amn ñd¶§ hr {Oå‘oXma h¢, ¶h g~ AmnHo$
AY‘u H$‘mªo Ho$ ’$b h¢&... ¶{X Amn OwAo H$m Am¶moOZ Zht H$aVo, {’$a
nm§S>dm| H$mo CZHo$ 13 df© Ho$ dZdmg Ho$ CnamÝV CZH$mo BÝÐàñW H$m
CZH$m amÁ¶ Xþ¶m©oYZ H$s ~mV Z ‘mZVo hþE bm¡Q>m XoVo Am¡a ¶{X Xþ~©w{Õ
Xþ¶m©oYZ Zht ‘mZVm Wm Vmo Cgo ^r H¡$X H$aZo H$m AmXoe Xo XoVo, O¡gm {H$
amÁ¶g^m ‘o AZoH$ ‘hmË‘mAm| Am¡a lrH¥$îU Zo Amngo H$hm Wm, Vmo AmO

¶h {XZ Z XoIZm n‹S>Vm& ¶{X AmnZo AnZo nwÌ H$mo gÝ‘mJ© na ñWm{nV
H$aHo$ {nVm Ho$ Y‘m©ZwHy$b H$V©ì¶ H$m nmbZ {H$¶m hmoVm Vmo ¶h g§H$Q> Zhr
AmVm&' (ÐmoU nd© A. 85,86; Bgr àH$ma H$s Y¥Vamï´>-g§O¶ dmVm©E§ H$U©nd©-A.
4,31; eë¶ nd©-A.2 ; ór nd©-A. 1 íbmoH$ 13 go 15 ‘| Ñï>ì¶ h¢)
eHw${Z
eHw${Z H$mo EH$ YyV© Am¡a Kmoa Vm‘{gH$ ‘Zg dmbo nmÌ Ho$ ê$n ‘|
àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& nm§S>dm| Ho$ {dê$Õ àË¶oH$ f‹S>¶ÝÌ ‘ybV… CgHo$ hr
‘pñVîH$ H$s CnO hmoVr Wr, ¶h ~mV g§O¶ Zo ^r Y¥Vamï´> H$mo ghXod
Ûmam eHw${Z Ho$ ‘mao OmZo H$m ¶wÕ d¥VmÝV gwZmVo hþE H$hr Wr (eë¶ nd© -
A.28 íbmoH$ -63)& eHw${Z Zo Vm‘{gH$ {g{Õ¶| ^r àmá H$s Wt& OwAo H$m
fS>¶ÝÌ Bgr àH$ma H$s {g{Õ Ho$ ~b na aMm J¶m Wm, ¶h ~mV ÐmoUmMm¶©
Ho$ CZ eãXm| go àH$Q> hmoVr h¡ Omo CÝhm§oZo Xþ¶m©oYZ H$mo CgHo$ Amamon Ho$
à{VCÎma ‘o§ H$ho Wo& ‘hmaWr O¶ÐW H$s ajm hoVw H$m¡ad nj Ûmam H$s JB©
gmar g¡Ý¶ ì¶dñWmAm| H$mo ôX H$aHo$ ^r O~ AO©wZ Zo O¶ÐW H$m dY
H$a {X¶m Vmo Xþ¶m©oYZ Kmoa {Zamem ‘| Sy>~ J¶m Am¡a CgZo goZmn{V AmMm¶©
ÐmoU na ¶h Amamon ‘‹T {X¶m {H$ {Og àH$ma nhbo ^rî‘ {nVm‘h Zo
nm§S>dm| H$mo {dO¶ {XbmZo hoVw ñd¶§ AnZr ‘¥Ë¶w ñdrH$ma H$s Wr, Cgr
àH$ma Amn ^r AÝV‘©Z go h‘mar {dO¶ Zht MmhVo h¢ AÝ¶Wm ‘hmaWr
O¶ÐW, ^y[aldm, eyagoZ O¡go h‘mar goZm Ho$ à‘wI ñVå^ Am¡a AÝ¶
g¡H$‹S>mo {‘Ì amOmAm| g{hV h‘mar AmO VH$ gmV Ajm¡{hUr goZm H$mb
H$d{bV Zht hmo gH$Vr Wr& Xþ¶m©oYZ go Bg àH$ma Ho$ AZJ©b Amjon gwZ
H$a ÐmoUmMm¶© AË¶ÝV Xþ…Ir hþE {H$ÝVw emÝV ^md go CÝhm|Zo H$hm {H$
Cº$ namO¶m| H$m H$maU Vmo OwAo ‘| H$s JB© dh ~oB©‘mZr Wr Omo eHw${Z Zo
Vwåhmao {b¶o aMr Wr Am¡a {OgHo$ {H«$¶mÝd¶Z ‘| amOm Y¥Vamï´> Zo ^r ‘hVr
^y{‘H$m {Z^mB© Wr (ÐmoU nd©-A. 151, íbmoH$ -19)& Cg ~oB©‘mZr Ho$ ’$b
ñdê$n hr h‘mao nj H$s ¶h XþX©em h‘mao AWH$ à¶mgm| Ho$ {dnarV hmoVr
Om ahr h¡& dñVwV… ‘hmË‘m {dXþa Zo Cg g‘¶ Bg ^{dî¶ H$mo XoIH$a hr
H$h {X¶m Wm {H$ eHw${Z {OZ nmnnyU© nmgm| H$mo ’|$H$ ahm h¡ do {H$gr {XZ

h‘mao {dZme H$m H$maU ~Z|Jo (íbmoH$ 10 go 13)& ¶Úm{n ‘¢ AnZr nyar
e{º$ bJm H$a ¶wÕ H$a ahm h±ÿ Am¡a H$aVm ah±ÿJm {H$ÝVw A~ ‘¢ Z Vmo AnZo
Or{dV ahZo H$s Am¡a Z Vwåhmao OrVZo H$s hr gå^mdZm XoI ahm h±y
(íbmoH$-25 go 32)&
eHw${Z Zo Cº$ Vm‘{gH$ {g{Õ¶m| H$m à¶moJ ¶wÕ ‘| ^r AO©wZ Ho$
{dê$Õ {H$¶m Wm {H$ÝVw AO©wZ Ho$ {Xì¶móm| Ho$ AmJo g’$b Z hmoo nmZo na
dh Cg g‘¶ ^mJ H$a OmZ ~Mm nm¶m Wm& ÐmoU nd©, A. 30 ‘| dU©Z h¡
{H$ O~ AO©wZ go ¶wÕ H$aVo hþE eHw${Z Ho$ ^mB© d¥fH$ Am¡a AMb ‘ma
{Jam¶o J¶o Vmo eHw${Z Zo ‘m¶mdr ¶wÕ {H$¶m& AO©wZ na ZmZm àH$ma Ho$
Aó-eó Mmam| Amoa go AmH$a {JaZo bJo Am¡a AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ [h§gH$
O§Jbr ^yIo OmZda AmH«$‘U H$aZo bJo {H$ÝVw AO©wZ H$s ~mU dfm© go do
g^r Zï> hmoVo J¶o& V~ AO©wZ Ho$ Mmam| Amoa Kmoa AÝKH$ma N>m J¶m Am¡a
Cg‘| go ^¶§H$a H«y$a AmdmO| AmZo bJt {Ogo AOw©Z Zo "Á¶mo{VfoU'
{Xì¶mó Ûmam Zï> H$a {X¶m& VXZÝVa ~‹S>o ^¶§H$a Ob àdmh àH$Q> hmoZo
bJo {OZH$m {ZdmaU AO©wZ Zo "Am{XË¶mó' Ûmam {H$¶m& Bg àH$ma Ho$
AZoH$ ‘m¶mdr ¶wÕm| go ^r O~ eHw${Z H$mo g’$bVm Zhr§ {‘br Vmo dh OmZ
~MmH$a ‘¡XmZ N>mo‹S> H$a ^mJ J¶m (íbmoH$ 16 go 28)& Bg g‘¶ Vmo eHw${Z
^mJ H$a ~M J¶m {H$ÝVw ¶wÕ Ho$ A{ÝV‘ Xm¡a ‘o| O~ H$m¡ad nj Ho$ {JZo-
MwZo ‘hmaWr Am¡a Wmo‹S>r-gr goZm hr ~Mr Wr, eHw${Z AnZo nwÌ CbyH$ H$mo
gmW boH$a Xþ¶m©oYZ Ho$ gmW aUjoÌ go ^mJZo H$s V¡¶mar H$a ahm Wm Vmo
^r‘ Am¡a ghXod Zo Cgo Koa {b¶m& Xþ¶m©oYZ Vmo dhm± go {IgH$ {b¶m Am¡a
eHw${Z VWm CbyH$ Ho$ gmW ^r‘ Am¡a ghXod H$m ¶wÕ hmoZo bJm {Og‘|
ghXod Zo CbyH$ H$mo ‘ma {Jam¶m& V~ eHw${Z nwZ… aU^y{‘ go ^mJZo bJm
{H$ÝVw ghXod Zo Cgo bbH$mam Am¡a ¶wÕ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ‘O~ya H$aHo$ AÝV
‘| ^„ go CgH$m hmW Am¡a {’$a ‘ñVH$ H$mQ> S>mbm (eë¶ nd©-28, íbmoH$
50 go 62)&
Bg nmÌ Ho$ {MÌU Ûmam ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Bg gË¶ H$mo n«H$m{eV
{H$¶m h¡ {H$ V‘g ‘| Sy>~m ì¶{º$ Vm‘{gH$ e{º$¶m| H$mo {gÕ ^r H$a bo Vmo

^r dh AÝXa go H$‘Omoa Am¡a ^ré hmoH$a Ohm± AnZr AmË‘m H$mo {JamVm
h¡, dht dh g§gma ‘| AnZo O¡go AÝ¶ Vm‘{gH$ bmoJm| H$mo Omo‹S>H$a Eogr
ZH$mamË‘H$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$a XoVm h¡ Omo AÝV ‘| Eogo g§Kf© H$mo
OÝ‘ XoVr h¢ {OZ‘| V‘g e{º$¶m| H$m Vmo gånyU© Zme hmoVm hr h¡, Hw$N>
g‘¶ Ho$ {b¶o Vmo gH$mamË‘H$ e{º$¶m| H$m {dH$mg ^r ‘ÝX hmo OmVm h¡&

AídËWm‘m
‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm§o ‘| go {ZH¥$ï>V‘ M[aÌ AídËWm‘m H$m d CgHo$
Xmo gh¶mo{J¶mo--H¥$nmMm¶© Am¡a H¥$Vd‘m©--g{hV, AÜ¶¶Z h‘mao Bg boI
H$m {df¶ hmoJm& AídËWm‘m nmÌ Ho$ AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n AWm©V² Cg O¡gr
d¥{Îm¶m| H$s ImoO AnZo AÝXa H$aZo H$m ‘hÎd h‘mao {b¶o ì¶{º$JV ñVa
na Vmo h¡ hr, Bg nmÌ O¡gr ^y{‘H$m ‘| VËna I‹S>o Hw$N> Xoem| Ho$ H$maU
AÝVam©ï´>r¶ ñVa na ^r BgHo$ Xwîn[aUm‘m| go ‘mZd Om{V H$mo ~MmZo H$s
Ñ{ï> go ^r g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g^r njm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z ‘hÎdnyU© hmo J¶m h¡&
ÐmoU M[aÌ Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ AÝVJ©V h‘ n‹T> MwH$o h¡ {H$ AídËWm‘m
H$mo {nVm ÐmoUmMm¶© Zo H$B© Eogo eómóm| H$s {ejm JwnMwn àXmZ H$s Wr Omo
CÝhm|Zo AnZo ¶mo½¶V‘ Am¡a {à¶ {eî¶ AO©Zw H$mo ^r Zht Xr Wr (Am{X nd©
131.16 go 20)& Jwé Ûmam ‘moh de nwÌ H$mo Xr JB© Bg {dÚm ‘| Cg {Z¶‘
H$m ñnï>V… C„§KZ hþAm Wm {H$ CZ {Xì¶móm| H$s {ejm Ho$db AmÜ¶pË‘H$
ê$n go ¶mo½¶ nmÌ H$mo hr Xr OmZm Mm{h¶o, Am¡a BgHo$ Xþîn[aUm‘m| H$mo
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo ¶wÕ H$s KQ>ZmAm| ‘o§ ~hþV à^mdr ê$n go C^mam h¡&
AídËWm‘m H$m ‘Zg nyU©V… V‘g ‘| hr pñWV Wm& dh Xþ¶m©oYZ,
H$U© Am¡a eHw${Z H$s M§S>mb-Mm¡H$‹S>r H$m Mm¡Wm nm¶m Vmo ~Zm hr, CgZo BZ
e{º$¶m| H$mo ~‹S>m ~b àXmZ {H$¶m Am¡a dh gd© {dZme H$m Eogm H$maU ~Zm
Omo ¶{X AZwnpñWV hmoVm Vmo g§^dV… ¶h ‘hm¶wÕ hmoVm hr Zht& dñVwV…
AídËWm‘m go nwÌ ‘moh go ~§Yo hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ÐmoUmMm¶© H$m¡adm| H$s Amoa go
¶wÕ b‹S>|Jo, Bg ~mV H$m Xþ¶m©oYZ H$mo nyam âmogm Wm Am¡a {nVm Y¥Vamï´> H$mo
O~ CgZo AnZr {dO¶ Ho$ à{V AmídñV {H$¶m Wm Vmo Bg {dídmg H$mo
AmYma ~Zm¶m Wm&
AídËWm‘m dra Vmo Wm naÝVw CgH$s Vm‘{gH$ d¥{Îm¶m| Zo CgH$s
draVm Am¡a {Xì¶móm| Ho$ kmZ H$mo Eogr ^¶§H$a ÌmgXr ‘| ~Xb {X¶m {H$
dh VrZ hOma dfmªo VH$ CgHo$ n[aUm‘ ^moJZo Ho$ {b¶o A{êá hþAm& Bg
KQ>Zm H$s MMm© h‘ ~mX ‘| H$a|Jo, nhbo CZ Hw$N> àH$aUm| na Ñ{ï> S>mb b|

{OZ‘| dh AnZo Abm¡{H$H$ {Xì¶móm| H$m ‘yI©VmnyU© Xþén¶moJ H$aHo$ CZHo$
nwZ… à¶moJ H$a gH$Zo H$s j‘Vm H$mo ^r Imo XoVm h¡&
Zmam¶Uó H$m Ag’$b à¶moJ … ÐmoUmMm¶© Ho$ dY Ho$ CnamÝV
AídËWm‘m Zo amof ‘| âH$a nm§S>d goZm na Am¡a lrH¥$îU VWm AO©wZ na
Zmam¶Umó go AmH«$‘U {H$¶m& Bg A{^‘pÝÌV Aó H$s ¶h {deofVm Wr
{H$ CgHo$ {déÕ Omo ^r ¶moÕm ¶wÓ H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$ao Vmo dh Aó
CVZm à~b Am¡a AmH«$m‘H$ hmoH$a eÌw H$mo X½Y H$a XoVm Wm& Bg H$maU
CgH$m à{VH$ma H$aHo$ OrVZm Agå^d Wm& lrH¥$îU Bg ~mV H$mo OmZVo
Wo& CÝhm|Zo AO©wZ g{hV ¶w{Y{ð>a Am¡a g‘ñV nm§S>d nj Ho$ g¡{ZH$m| H$mo
aW Am¡a eó Ë¶mJ H$a n¥Ïdr na I‹S>o hmoZo H$m {ZX©oe {X¶m& lrH¥$îU Zo
^r‘ na ^r H«$mo{YV hmoH$a Cgo aW go ItM H$a CVma {b¶m Am¡a Bg
àH$ma g~H$mo Cg {Xì¶mó go ~MmH$a Aó H$mo emÝV H$a AídËWm‘m Ho$
à¶ËZ H$mo {Zf’$b H$a {X¶m& (ÐmoU nd©, A.199,200)
BgHo$ ~mX AÀN>m aUH$m¡eb {XImVo hþE AídËWm‘m Zo Y¥ï>ÚwåZ,
gmpË¶H$s, ^r‘ Ed§ AÝ¶ H$B© ‘hma{W¶m| na AmH«$‘U {H$¶m& AÝ¶ Hw$N>
amOmAm| H$mo Yamem¶r H$aVo hþ¶o BZ à~b ¶moÕmAm| go ^r CgZo bmohm
{b¶m& ¶Úm{n BÝh| dh ‘ma Vmo Zht gH$m {H$ÝVw BZ‘| go àË¶oH$ H$mo
namñV Adí¶ H$a {X¶m& ¶h XoI AO©wZ gm‘Zo Am J¶o& O~ AO©wZ go
AídËWm‘m OrV Zht gH$m Vmo CgZo Am¾o¶mó Am¡a ‘m¶mó BZ XmoZm| H$m
EH$ gmW à¶moJ H$a S>mbm& BZ Aóm| go nm§S>d nj na Mmam| Amoa go
A{¾dfm© hmoZo bJr Am¡a gmW hr amjgm| Am¡a {nemMm| H$m ^r AmH«$‘U hmoZo
bJm (ÐmoU nd© 201.15 go 35) V~ AO©wZ Zo ~«÷mó Ho$db Cº$ Aóm| Ho$
{dZme Ho$ {b¶o àH$Q> {H$¶m, (Cnamoº$ gÝX^©, íbmoH$-36)& Bg àH$ma
AO©wZ Ûmam ¶wÕ-Y‘© H$s ‘¶m©Xm H$m nmbZ H$aVo hþE hr Cº$ {Xì¶mó H$m
à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m, O~ {H$ AídËWm‘m {Xì¶móm| H$m A‘¶m©{XV à¶moJ
H$aHo$ CZ na {Z¶§ÌU ImoVm Om ahm Wm&
Cnamoº$ dU©Z go àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ {H$ Cg‘| n¶m©ÝV ~b Wm Am¡a
eómóm| H$m AVwbZr¶ kmZ ^r Wm, {H$ÝVw dh dra Zht Wm& draVm H$m
{MÝh h¡ b‹S>Vo b‹S>Vo ‘a OmZm {H$ÝVw Y‘© H$m Ë¶mJ Zht H$aZm& {H$ÝVw O¡go
O¡go ¶wÓ {ZUm©¶H$ {~ÝXþ H$s Amoa ~‹T>Zo bJm, AídËWm‘m Y‘© H$m C„§KZ
H$aVo H$aVo ZrM go ZrMV‘ nmnH$‘© H$s Amoa àd¥Îm hmoVm J¶m&
¶wÕ Ho$ A§{V‘ {XZ (18 do§ {XZ)O~ ¶w{Y{ð>a Ûmam H$m¡ad goZm Ho$
(Mm¡Wo) goZmn{V eë¶ H$m ^r dY H$a {X¶m J¶m Vmo H$m¡ad nj ‘o§ Xþ¶m©oYZ
Ho$ A{V[aº$ VrZ ‘hmaWr-AídËWm‘m, H¥$nmMm¶© Am¡a H¥$Vd‘m©-hr eof
~Mo Wo& ¶o VrZm| ^mJ H$a Xþ¶m©oYZ Ho$ nmg dhm± nh°þ§Mo Ohm± Xþ¶m©oYZ nm§S>d
goZm Ho$ AmH«$‘U H$m gm‘Zm H$aZo ‘| AnZo H$mo Ag‘W© nmH$a Hw$N> g‘¶
Ho$ {b¶o nbm¶Z H$aZo H$mo VËna Wm& nm§S>d goZm H$m {dO¶ Kmof gwZH$a
Xþ¶m©oYZ Vmo ^mJ H$a nmg Ho$ EH$ Obme¶ ‘| (gå^dV… nmZr Ho$ AÝXa
MbZodmbr Zmd ‘|) OmH$a {N>n J¶m Am¡a ¶o VrZmo§ ^mJ H$a dZ ‘o§ {N>n
J¶o& Hw$N> g‘¶ níMmV O~ nm§S>dm| H$mo Xþ¶m©oYZ Ho$ Obme¶ ‘| {N>nZo H$s
OmZH$mar {‘br Vmo ¶w{Y{ð>a, ^r‘, Am¡a AO©wZ H$mo gmW boH$a lrH¥$îU
Obme¶ na J¶o Am¡a Xþ¶m©oYZ H$mo bbH$maVo hþ¶o {H$gr EH$ nm§S>d ¶moÕm
go {ZUm©¶H$ ¶wÕ H$aZo H$s MwZm¡Vr Xr& V~ Xþ¶m©oYZ Zo ^r‘ go JXm-¶wÕ
H$aZm ñdrH$ma {H$¶m& Bg ^rfU JXm ¶wÕ ‘| ^r‘ Zo Cg à{Vkm H$mo ¶mX
H$aHo$, Xþ¶m©oYZ H$s ~mB© Om§K H$s hÈ>r JXm àhma H$aHo$ Vmo‹S> Xr, Omo {H$
CgZo V~ H$s Wr O~ OwAo Ho$ ~mX amÁ¶ g^m ‘| Xþ¶m©oYZ Zo Ðm¡nXr H$mo
Aíbrb Bemam Am¡a eãX H$hVo hþE AnZr ~mB© Om§K {XImB© Wr& Om§K
Qy>Q>Zo na Xþ¶m©oYZ Yamem¶r hmo J¶m& Bg àH$ma, ¶wÕ g‘má hþAm ‘mZ H$a
nm§Mm| nm§S>d lrH¥$îU Am¡a gmpË¶H$s Ho$ gmW n{dÌ AmoKdVr ZXr na ñZmZ
H$aZo Am¡a AmJo Ho$ H$m¶©H«$‘ na {dMma H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o Mbo J¶o& BYa
AídËWm‘m, H¥$nmMm¶© Am¡a H¥$Vd‘m© dZ ‘| OmH$a {dlm‘ H$aZo bJo&
dhm± amÌr ‘| AídËWm‘m Zo XoIm {H$ d¥j na H$m¡Am| Ho$ {Z^©¶ hmoH$a gmo
OmZo na EH$ ~‹S>o C„z njr Zo n¥WH$ n¥WH$ Km§g o bm| na AmH«$‘U H$aHo$ AZoH$
H$m¡Am| H$mo ‘ma S>mbm (gm¡{áH$ nd©, 1.36 go 44)& Xþï>mË‘m AídËWm‘m Zo {dMma
{H$¶m {H$ ‘¢Zo eÌwAm| H$mo Zme H$aZo H$m Omo AmídmgZ ‘aUmgÞ {‘Ì
Xþ¶m©oYZ H$mo {X¶m h¡ Cgo ‘¢ Bgr àH$ma nyam H$a gH$Vm h±,ÿ Ý¶m¶mZwH$y b ¶wÕ

H$aHo$ Vmo dh H$m¶© {H$¶m OmZm gå^d Zht h¡ (íbmoH$-47,48)& CgZo
H¥$nmMm¶© Am¡a H¥$Vd‘m© H$mo AnZm {dMma ~Vbm¶m {H$ "{nVm ÐmoUmMm¶© H$mo
‘maZo dmbo Y¥ï>Úåw Z, ^rî‘hÝVm eHw${Z VWm {‘Ì Xþ¶m©Yo Z Ho$ à~b eÌw
nm§S>dm| Ho$ nwÌm| H$mo, Omo g^r A~ {dO¶ àm{á Ho$ ~mX {ZpíMÝV hmo gmo aho
hm|J,o ‘ma H$a hr ‘¢ M¡Z nm gHy$§ Jm& AmO nm§S>d ¶hm± Zht h¢, dZm© g~ go nhbo
Vmo ‘¢ CÝh| hr g‘má H$aVm& I¡a, CZHo$ ¶hm± Z hmoZo go A~ Bg H$m¶© H$mo
gånÞ H$aZo ‘| {H$gr ~mYm AmZo H$s ^r gå^mdZm Zht h¡, AV… h‘| ¶h
H$m¶© A^r Bgr g‘¶ Adí¶ H$a boZm Mm{h¶o&' H¥$nmMm¶© Am¡a H¥$Vd‘m© XmoZm|
Zo Cg nmn nyU© {dMma H$mo Ë¶mJ XoZo H$s gbmh Xr Am¡a H$hm {H$ gy¶m©Xo ¶ hmoZo
na do VrZm| eÌwAm| na AmH«$‘U H$a|J&o H$dM CVma H$a gmo¶o hþAmo§ na
AmH«$‘U H$aZm Eogm H$m¶© hmoJm {Oggo Bg bmoH$ ‘| ^r h‘ H$b§{H$V hmo
Om¶|Jo Am¡a nabmoH$ ‘| ^r Xþ…gh ZaH$ ^moJZm n‹S>Jo m (gm¡{áH$ nd©, 5.13, 14)&
AídËWm‘m Zo Cº$ gbmh Zht ‘mZr Am¡a AHo$bm hr aW V¡¶ma H$a
Amê$‹T> hmo J¶m& V~ H¥$nmMm¶© Am¡a H¥$Vd‘m© ^r AídËWm‘m Ho$ gmW hmo
J¶o& AídËWm‘m g~ go nhbo Y¥ï>ÚwåZ Ho$ {e{da na J¶m& H¥$nmMm¶© Am¡a
H¥$Vd‘m© H$mo {e{da Ho$ Ûma na I‹S>m H$a {H$gr H$mo ^r {e{da go ^mJZo Z
XoZo H$m H$hH$a ñd¶§ AÝXa J¶m Am¡a Y¥ï>ÚwåZ H$mo Ty>§‹T>H$a CgH$m Jbm n¡a
go X~mH$a Cgo V‹S>nm-V‹S>nm H$a ‘ma S>mbm& V~ nmg Ho$ {e{dam| ‘|
CÎm‘m¡Om H$mo VWm ¶wYm‘Ý¶w H$mo ^r Bgr àH$ma ‘ma S>mbm& {’$a dh nm§S>d
nwÌm| Ho$ {e{dam| ‘o CÝh| ‘m¡V Ho$ KmQ> CVmaVm hþAm {eIÊS>r Ho$ {e{da ‘|
Kwgm Am¡a Cgo ^r ‘maH$a, ÐþnX Ho$ eof ~Mo nwÌm|, nm¡Ìm| Am¡a gwöXm§o H$mo
‘ma S>mbm& Omo H$moB© ^r {e{da go ^mJZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm Cgo H¥$nmMm¶©
Am¡a H¥$Vd‘m© Vbdma go H$mQ> S>mbVo Wo (íbmoH$-106)& ¶o XmoZm§o àË¶oH$
{e{da H$mo VrZ Amoa go AmJ bJmVo (íbmoH$-109) Am¡a XadmOo go ^mJZo
H$m à¶mg H$aZo dmbm| H$mo Vbdma go ‘ma S>mbVo Wo& àmV… H$mb nm¡ ’$Q>Zo
VH$ ¶h Za g§hma nyU© H$aHo$ VrZm| Cg ñWmZ na J¶o Ohm± Xþ¶m©oYZ ‘¥Ë¶w
H$s à{Vjm ‘| n‹S>m Wm& dhm± AMoV n‹S>o Xþ¶m©oYZ H$mo O~ VrZm| Zo CgHo$ ‘Z
H$mo Vg„r XoZo dmbm ¶h d¥VmÝV gwZm¶m Vmo Xþ¶m©oYZ H$mo nwZ… hmoe Am J¶m

(íbmoH$-9.53) Am¡a CgZo VrZm| H$mo Jbo bJmVo hþE H$hm {H$ "{‘Ì AídËWm‘m,
Vw‘Zo AmMm¶© H¥$n Am¡a H¥$Vd‘m© Ho$ gmW AmO Omo H$m¶© H$a {XIm¶m h¡
Cgo Z Vmo {nVm‘h ^rî‘, Z hr Vwåhmao {nVm Am¡a h‘mao Jwé AmMm¶© ÐmoU
Am¡a Z hr {‘Ì H$U© H$a gHo$ Wo& § § § § § Vw‘ g~ H$m H$ë¶mU hmo'& ¶h
H$hH$a CgZo àmU Ë¶mJ {X¶o&
XþîH$‘© Am¡a AmÝV[aH$ {JamdQ> EH$ Xÿgao H$mo ~b àXmZ H$aVo hþE
‘Zwî¶ H$mo {H$g àH$ma gd©Zme H$s Amoa YHo$bVo OmVo h¢, BgH$m {MÌU
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo AídËWm‘m Ho$ M[aÌ ‘| ~‹S>r ñnï>Vm go {H$¶m h¡& Cnamoº$
KQ>Zm H«$‘ H$s AJbr H$‹S>r Bgr VÏ¶ H$mo àH$m{eV H$aVr h¡&
gmo¶o hþE nm#mmbm| (Ðm¡nXr Ho$ ^mB©¶m|) Am¡a nm§S>d nwÌm| H$m dY H$a
XoZo H$s AnZr "~hmXþar' H$m dU©Z Xþ¶m©oYZ H$mo gwZm XoZo Ho$ ~mX AídËWm‘m
aW na gdma hmoH$a VwaÝV dhm± go Mbm J¶m ³¶m|{H$ Cgo S>a Wm {H$ erK«
hr ^r‘/AO©wZ Cg na AmH«$‘U H$aZo Adí¶ AmE§Jo& BYa Y¥ï>ÚwåZ Ho$
gma{W Ûmam O~ nm§S>dm| H$mo AídËWm‘m H$s Cg Xþï>Vm H$s gyMZm {‘br Vmo
do Xþ…I go AMoV hmo J¶o& {’$a CÝh| ¶h {MÝVm hþB© {H$ AnZo nwÌm| Am¡a
^mB©¶m| Ho$ dY Ho$ Bg AàË¶m{eV g‘mMma H$mo gwZH$a Ðm¡nXr H$s ³¶m
Xem hmoJr& Xþ…I Am¡a Bg {MÝVm go nr{‹S>V nm§S>d VwaÝV {e{dam| H$mo bm¡Q>o&
Ðm¡nXr Cg g‘¶ Cnbì¶ ZJa JB© hþB© Wr& Cgo O~ bm¶m J¶m Vmo dh
emoH$ go AMoV hmo JB©& O~ Hw$N> gmdYmZ hþB© Vmo ~mobr {H$ AmO Amn bmoJ
Cg nmnmMmar AídËWm‘m H$m dY Zht H$a XoVo Am¡a dh ‘{U bmH$a ‘wPo
Zht ~VbmVo {Ogo ‘ñVH$ ‘| {b¶o hr, O¡gm {H$ H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$, dh n¡Xm
hþAm h¡, Vmo ‘¢ AZeZ H$aHo$ AnZo OrdZ H$m AÝV H$a Xÿ§Jr& (gm¡{áH$
nd©,11.15)&
Ðm¡nXr Ho$ Bg {ZíM¶ H$mo gwZH$a ^r‘ VwaÝV aW na gdma hmoH$a
AídËWm‘m H$mo Ty>T‹§ >Zo CgHo$ aW Ho$ n{h¶m| Ho$ {ZemZ XoIVo hþE Mb {X¶m
(A.11)& BYa lrH¥$îU Zo ¶w{Y{ð>a go H$hm {H$ ^r‘ H$m AHo$bo OmZm C{MV
Zht h¢ ³¶m|{H$ AídËWm‘m H$mo ÐmoUmMm¶© go ~«÷mñÌ H$s e{º$ àmá h¡,
Xÿgao dh H«$moYr, Xþï>mË‘m, Mnb Am¡a H«$y a h¡, AV… Cggo ^r‘goZ H$s ajm

H$aZm Amdí¶H$ h¡ (12.41)& lrH¥$îU Zo H$hm {H$ Cg‘| YraVm Vmo h¡ Zht
Am¡a dh A{V ‘hËdmH$m§jr ^r h¡& CÝhm|Zo dh KQ>Zm ^r gwZmB© O~ AídËWm‘m
Zo ÛmaH$m OmH$a lrH¥$îU go gwXe©Z MH«$ XoZo H$s ¶mMZm H$s Wr Vm{H$ dh
g§gma H$m EH$‘mÌ AO¶ ì¶{º$ ~Z Om¶o, qH$Vw O~ dh MH«$ H$mo CR>m hr
Zht gH$m Vmo {Zame hmoH$a bm¡Q> J¶m Wm& lrH¥$îU Zo H$hm {H$ BZ g~ ~mVm|
H$mo XoIVo hþE h‘| ^r‘ H$s ajm hoVw VwaÝV Mb XoZm Mm{h¶o& lrH¥$îU Zo AnZo
Cg Jé‹S>-ÜdOr aW na, {Og na ~«÷mó H$m à^md Zht hmo gH$Vm Wm,
AOwZ© Am¡a ¶w{Y{ð>a H$mo ~¡R>m¶m Am¡a {Xì¶ KmoS‹ >m§o H$mo Xm¡S‹ >m {X¶m& XmoZm| aW
(^r‘ Am¡a lrH¥$îU Ho$ aW) bJ^J EH$ gmW hr J§JmVQ> na nh§Mþ o Ohm§
F${f¶m| Ho$ gmW Hw$eMra YmaU {H$¶o H«$y aH$‘m© AídËWm‘m ~¡R>m Wm&
H«$moY go âo hþE ^r‘goZ H$mo Am¡a nrN>o lrH¥$îU g{hV AO©wZ Am¡a
¶w{Y{ð>a H$mo XoIH$a AídËWm‘m Zo EH$ gtH$ CR>m, Cgo A{^‘pÝÌV
H$aHo$ "¶h ~«÷mó nm§S>dm| H$m Zme H$ao' Bg g§H$ën Ho$ gmW ào{fV H$a
{X¶m (A.13)& lrH¥$îU AídËWm‘m Ho$ ^md H$mo nhbo hr Vm‹S> J¶o Wo&
CÝhm|Zo AO©wZ H$mo H$hm-"Jwé ÐmoU Ûmam (e{º$nmV Xrjm Ûmam) CnXo{eV
Omo {Xì¶ Aó Vwåhmao öX¶ ‘| {dÚ‘mZ h¡ AnZr ajm Ho$ {b¶o Vw‘ ^r
CgH$m à¶moJ H$amo, ¶h CgH$m Y‘m©ZwHy$b à¶moJ hmoJm&' V~ AOw©Z Zo aW
go CVa H$a gd© àW‘ H$m‘Zm H$s {H$ ÐmoU nwÌ H$m H$ë¶mU hmo, V~
^mB¶m| g{hV AnZr ajm H$s H$m‘Zm H$aVo hþE ~«÷mó H$m gÝYmZ {H$¶m&
V~ AO©wZ Ho$ ~«÷mó H$s A{¾ Zo AídËWm‘m Ho$ ~«÷mó H$s A{¾ H$mo Koa
{b¶m {Oggo Mmam| Amoa ^¶§H$a CËnmV hmoZo bJo (A.14)& Cg g‘¶ dhm±
ZmaX Am¡a ‘w{Z ì¶mg H$m àmH$Q>ç hþAm& CÝhm|Zo AídËWm‘m Am¡a AO©wZ
H$mo OZ H$ë¶mU hoVw AnZo AnZo {Xì¶mó dmng bm¡Q>m boZo H$m {ZX©oe
{X¶m& AO©wZ H$s àmW©Zm na CgH$m {Xì¶mó Vmo emÝV hmoH$a CgHo$ öX¶
‘| nwZ… pñWV hmo J¶m {H$ÝVw AídËWm‘m Eogm H$a nmZo ‘| Ag’$b ahm
³¶m|{H$ Cg e{º$ H$m Xþén¶moJ {H$¶o OmZo Ho$ H$maU Cgo nwZ… YmaU H$aZo
H$s gm‘Ï¶© dh Imo MwH$m Wm& AV… AídËWm‘m Zo nm§S>d d§e Ho$ {H$gr ^r
EH$ gXñ¶ na Cgo Mbm H$a Hw$N> ^r X§S> ^wJV boZo H$m àñVmd {H$¶m&

V~ ^JdmZ H¥$îU Zo H$hm {H$ AídËWm‘m Cg e{º$ H$mo {Xd§JV A{^‘Ý¶w
H$s npËZ CÎmam Ho$ J^©ñW {eew na Mbm Xo Am¡a AnZo ‘ñVH$ H$s dh
{Xì¶ ‘{U ¶w{Y{ð>a H$mo gm¢n Xo {OgHo$ ~b na dh {Xì¶móm| H$mo YmaU H$a
ahm Wm& J^©ñW {eew H$mo nwZ{O©{dV H$aZo ‘| (OrdmË‘m H$mo Cgr {eew
eara ‘o§ nwZ… àdoe H$amZo ‘|) lrH¥$îU g‘W© Wo Bg H$maU AídËWm‘m Ho$
~«÷mó H$mo {Zî’$b H$aZo H$m CÝhm|Zo ¶h ‘mJ© {ZH$mbm& AídËWm‘m H$mo
CÝhm|Zo ¶h ^r X§S> {X¶m {H$ ‘{U {ZH$mb H$a XoZo go ~Zo Kmd H$s nr‹S>m H$mo
dh VrZ hOma df© VH$ ^wJVVo ahoJm& (16.10)& àVrH$ ê$n ‘| d{U©V ¶h
emn H$WZ Cg {Z¶‘ H$m hr ê$nmÝVaU hmo gH$Vm h¡ {Ogo JrVm ‘| ^JdmZ
Zo ¶h H$h H$a ì¶º$ {H$¶m h¡ {H$ H$m‘ (H$m‘Zm), H«$moY, Xn© Am¡a Ûof ‘|
Sy>~ H$a H«y$a nmnH$‘© H$aZo dmbo ZamY‘ ~ma-~ma Amgwar Am¡a {’$a amjgr
¶mo{Z¶m± àmá H$aVo ahVo h¢ (16.18 go 20), O~ VH$ {H$ CZ‘| kmZ-
MoVZm H$m CX¶ hmoH$a do Hw$‘mJ© go hQ>Zo H$m Ñ‹T> {ZíM¶ Zht H$a boVo
(9.30)&
AídËWm‘m H$s Xþï>Vm ‘| gh¶moJr H¥$nmMm¶© Am¡a H¥$Vd‘m©
Cnamoº$ Xþï>Vm Ho$ H$m¶© ‘| AídËWm‘m Ho$ gh¶moJr ~ZZo Ho$ A{V[aº$
BZ XmoZm| nmÌm| H$s Am¡a H$moB© {deof ^y{‘H$m "‘hm^maV' ‘| d{U©V Zht h¡&
gmo¶o hþE eÌwAm| H$m dY H$aZo Ho$ AídËWm‘m Ho$ àñVmd H$m BÝhm|Zo àmaå^
‘| Vmo g‘W©Z Zht {H$¶m qH$Vw O~ AídËWm‘m AHo$bm hr Cg H$m¶© Ho$
{b¶o AmJo ~‹T>m Vmo ¶o XmoZm| ^r CgHo$ gmW hmo J¶o Am¡a {’$a CgHo$
{ZX©oemZwgma BÝhm|Zo {e{dam| ‘| AmJ bJmZo Am¡a ^mJVo bmoJm| H$mo Vbdma go
H$mQ> ’|$H$Zo H$m {ZH¥$ï> H$m¶© {H$¶m& àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo
¶hm± Xþï> àd¥{Îmdmbo ì¶{º$ Ho$ ‘Z, ~w{Õ, Am¡a H$Vm© ê$n OrdmË‘m H$mo
H«$‘e… AídËWm‘m, H¥$nmMm¶© Am¡a H¥$Vd‘m© go {Zé{nV {H$¶m h¡& CÜd©Jm‘r
ì¶{º$ H$s BpÝÐ¶|-‘Z-~w{Õ-OrdmË‘m H«$‘e… A{YH$ M¡VÝ¶ Am¡a e{º$embr
hmoVr h¢ Am¡a dh D$nadmbr gÎmm go ZrMo dmbr H$mo {Z¶§ÌU ‘| aIVm h¡
(JrVm 3.42,43) qH$Vw BgHo$ {dnarV pñW{V hmoVr h¡ AYmoJm‘r H$s Am¡a
¶hm± Bg AYmoJm‘r ì¶{º$Ëd H$m {Zê$nU hþAm h¡& ‘Z ê$n AídËWm‘m Ho$

nrN>o ~w{Õê$n H¥$nmMm¶© Am¡a Ah§H$ma (OrdmË‘m) ê$n H¥$Vd‘m© Mb aho
h¢& H¥$nmMm¶© ~w{Õ H$mo {Zê${nV H$aVo h¢ ¶h Bg ê$n ‘| B§{JV {H$¶m J¶m
h¡ {H$ do nhbo Vmo ¶h Y‘© gbmh hr XoVo h¢ {H$ gmo¶o hþAmo§ na AmH«$‘U
C{MV Zht hmoJm, àmV…H$mb h‘ CZna AmH«$‘U H$a|Jo, qH$Vw {’$a Xþï> ‘Z
ê$n AídËWm‘m H$m AZwgaU H$aZo bJVo h¢&
BZ VrZm| Ho$ Zm‘m| go ^r BZHo$ ¶o àVrH$mW© WmoS‹ >m-gm {MÝVZ H$aZo
na hr àH$Q> hmo OmVo h¢& AídËWm‘m eãX H$s ì¶wËn{Îm ~VmB© JB© h¡-
"Aídñ¶od ñWm‘ ~b‘ñ¶' (ñWm‘=gm‘Ï¶©) Am¡a d¡{XH$ gm{hË¶ ‘| Aíd
H$m BpÝÐ¶m±/‘Z Ho$ àVrH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| dU©Z à{gÕ hr h¡, AV… AídËWm‘m
‘Z H$s gm‘Ï¶©/~b H$m àVrH$ h¡& H¥$nmMm¶© eãX ‘| "H¥$n' Xþ~b © hmoZ,o ~§Yo
hmoZo Ho$ ^md H$mo àH$Q> H$aVm h¡ (H¥$n go ~Zo H¥$nU eãX H$m AW© h¡-
{ddoH$eyÝ¶, ZrM, AY‘, Xþï>)& AV… H¥$nmMm¶© Ûmam Cg ~w{Õ H$mo {Zê${nV
{H$¶m J¶m h¡ Omo Xþ~b© hmoZo go ‘Z Ho$ {Z¶§ÌU ‘| hmo OmVr h¡& A~ Vrgao nmÌ
H¥$Vd‘m© Ho$ {Zê${nV AW© H$r Vbme H$a| Vmo ñnï> h¡ {H$ ¶h eãX "H¥$V' Am¡a
"d‘©' go ~Zm h¡& H¥$V H$m AW© h¡ "{H$¶m hþAm' VWm d‘©=d¥+‘m{ZZ²,
d¥=AnZo {b¶o daZ H$aZm, MwZZm; Am¡a ‘m{ZZ²=gmoM {dMma H$a ñdrH$ma
{H$¶m hþAm; AV… h‘mam AZw‘mZ h¡ {H$ ¶hm± H¥$Vd‘m© Cg OrdmË‘m H$mo
{Zé{nV H$aVm h¡ {OgZo Cnamoº$ ‘Z, ~w{Õ H$m daU {H$¶m h¡&
Bg àH$ma, ¶o VrZm| EH$ Eogo ì¶{º$Ëd Ho$ ‘Z, ~w{Ó Am¡a Ah§H$ma
ê$n OrdmË‘m H$mo {Zé{nV H$a aho h¢ Omo A^r Kmoa V‘g ‘| Sy>~m hþAm h¡
Am¡a {OgH$m Vm‘{gH$ ‘Z BVZm ~bdmZ h¡ {H$ dh ~w{Õ Am¡a H$Vm©-
^moº$m ê$n OrdmË‘m H$mo ^r AnZr d¥{Îm¶m| ‘| ItM boVm h¡&
Z¥e§g hË¶mH$m§S> Ho$ dU©Z Ûmam ‘mZdVm H$mo ào{fV gÝXoe
Xþ¶m©oYZ Ho$ Yamem¶r hmo OmZo na ¶wÕ H$m Omo CÔoí¶ Wm {H$ amÁ¶
gÎmm na {H$g nj H$m A{YH$ma ahoJm BgH$m {ZU©¶ Vmo hmo MwH$m Wm {H$ÝVw
d¡‘Zñ¶Vm H$s g‘m{á Zht hþB© Wr Am¡a AídËWm‘m-H¥$n-H¥$V H$s {VH$‹S>r
Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o Z¥e§g hË¶mH$m§S> Ho$ dU©Z go ‘Zwî¶ g‘mO Ho$ g‘j ¶h
g‘ñ¶m CnpñWV H$s JB© h¡ {H$ ^m¡{VH$ ~b Ho$ gmW Z¡{VH$ ~b go AÝ¶m¶r
H$mo nam{OV Vmo {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ÝVw amJ, Ûof Ho$ ~rO H$s g‘m{ßV
Zht hmoVr, daZ² dh A{YH$ {df¡bm hmo CR>Vm h¡; Bg g‘ñ¶m H$m ³¶m
H$moB© g‘mYmZ Ty>§‹T>m Om gH$Vm h¡? ^JdmZ lrH¥$îU Ho$ ~mX ^JdmZ ~wÕ
Zo ‘Zwî¶ H$mo Omo d¡am½¶ Am¡a AmË‘-OmJ«{V H$m ‘mJ© {XIm¶m dh Hw$N> gm¡
dfmªo VH$ Vmo ~‹S>m à^mdr àVrV hþAm {H$ÝVw AÝVV… AÝ¶m¶r Am¡a bmo^r
bmoJm| Ho$ JbV H$maZm‘m| Ho$ {déÕ à{VH$ma H$s j‘Vm H$m OZ-‘mZg ‘|
ömg hmoZo go ^maV g{hV H$B© Xoe, {dXoer AmH«$‘UH$m[a¶m| H$s byQ>,
Jwbm‘r Am¡a emofU Ho$ {eH$ma hmo J¶o& g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$s H$‹S>r ‘|
‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr H$m Aqhgm Am¡a gË¶mJ«h Ho$ n«¶moJ H$s g’$bVm go Amem
Adí¶ ~§Yr, qH$Vw A^r VH$ H$s Bg gå~ÝYr KQ>ZmAm| H$mo XoI| Vmo {ZîH$f©
¶h {ZH$bVm àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~‹S>o joÌm| ‘o ^r g’$bVm dht {‘br h¡
Ohm± ZoV¥Ëd ‘| BVZm AmpË‘H$ ~b Wm {H$ dh OZ-‘mZg ‘| Cg ~b H$mo
VmËH$m{bH$ ê$n go ,^bo hr OmJ«V H$a gH$m (CXm. ^maV ‘| ‘hmË‘m
Jm§Yr, X{jU A{’«$H$m ‘| ZoëgZ ‘§S>obm, å¶m§‘ma ‘§o Am§J-gmZ-gy. H$s);
qH$Vw A{YH$m§e AÝ¶ àH$aUm| ‘| Vmo BgHo$ ^r Xþén¶moJ Am¡a Xþîà^md hr
A{YH$ XoIZo ‘| Am aho h¢& Eogm àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m Ho$ ñWmB©
g‘mYmZ Ho$ {b¶o Vmo ‘Zwî¶ H$mo V~ VH$ àVrjm H$aZm n‹S>oJr O~ VH$ H$s
‘mZd Om{V ‘| JrVm ‘| d{U©V "X¡dr àH¥${V' go gånÞ (9.13, 16.1 go 3)
bmoJ ~hþ-g§»¶m ‘| Zht hmo OmVo&
O~ VH$ dh pñW{V Zhr§ ~ZVr V~ VH$ Vmo OmJ«V ‘Zwî¶m| H$m ¶h
H$V©ì¶ ~ZVm h¡ {H$ ‘mZd ‘yë¶m| Ho$ Xþí‘Z bmoJm| Ho$ nmg na‘mUw ~‘
O¡gr {dZmeH$ e{º$ Ho$ ’¡$bmd H$mo Am¡a {OZHo$ nmg ¶h nhþ§M MwH$s h¡
(CXm. nm{H$ñVmZ Am¡a CÎma H$mo[a¶m) CÝh| BgHo$ Xþén¶moJ go amoH$Zo Ho$
{b¶o {‘bH$a AÝVam©ï´>r¶ ñVa na H$maJa H$X‘ CR>m¶|& ¶o Xooe ~ma-~ma
AnZo nS>mo{g¶mo§ H$mo ~«÷mó Ho$ ^m¡{VH$ ê$n na‘mUw ~‘ H$s Omo Y‘{H$¶m±
Xo aho h¡§ Cggo àH$Q> h¡ {H$ CZ‘| Cgo YmaU H$aZo H$s j‘Vm Cgr àH$ma
Zht h¡ {Og àH$ma H$s AídËWm‘m ‘| Zht Wr& dñVwV… Omo ^r ì¶{º$ ¶m
amï´> AmpË‘H$ ñVa na H$‘Omoa hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Omo A^r V‘g go ~mha Zht

{ZH$b nm¶m h¡, CgHo$ nmg Eogr {dZmeH$ e{º$¶m| H$m hmoZm ‘mZdVm Ho$
{b¶o ~‹S>o g§H$Q> H$m H$maU ~Z gH$Vm h¡ {OgH$m Cnm¶ g‘PXma amï´>m| H$mo
EH$OyQ> hmoH$a Ty>‹§T>Zm hmoJm&
‘hm^maV ‘| d{U©V EH$ Am¡a ÌmgXr H$m {OÞ ^r dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘|
nwZ… {ga CR>mVm {XImB© Xo ahm h¡& H$m¡ad g^m ‘| Ðm¡nXr Ho An‘mZ H$s
Cg KQ>Zm H$m dU©Z H$aHo$ boIH$ Zo dñVwV… Cg gm‘m{OH$ gmoM H$m
Xe©Z H$am¶m h¡ {Og‘| ~mX ‘| KQ>r gd©{dZmer (¶wÕ H$s) KQ>ZmAm| H$m
OÝ‘ boZm bm{O‘r Wm& {Og g‘mO ‘| (O‹S>) dñVw H$s Vah ór H$mo
nwéf Ho$ Am{YnË¶ H$s dñVw g‘Pm Om¶ CgH$m hò ‘hm^maV Ho$ {dZme
Ho$ A{V[aº$ Am¡a ³¶m hmo gH$Vm Wm? dV©‘mZ H$mb ‘o§ Cº$ d{U©V ÌmgXr
na {dMma H$aZm h‘mao {b¶o Xmo gÝX^mªo Ho$ n[anoú¶ ‘| ~hþV ‘hËdnyU©
àVrV hmoVm h¡-
1. {díd ñVa na Bñbm{‘H$ H$Å>admXr g§JR>Z AmB©.Eg.AmB©.Eg.
H$m CX¶ & Bg g§JR>Z H$m ór Om{V Ho$ à{V Ñ{ï>H$moU ~hþV Hw$N> dhr h¡
{Ogo ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo {M{ÌV {H$¶m h¡& ¶o H$Å>a n§Wr ór {ejm H$mo ^r
J¡a-Bñbm{‘H$ H$ama XoH$a CZH$mo BÝgmZ ^r Zht ‘mZVo& ¶h Vmo Vm‘{gH$
e{º$¶m| H$s nH$ ahr MmgZr H$m EH$ nyd© g§Ho$V â h¡ {OgHo$ à~b hmoZo
go nhbo hr gä¶ amï´>m| H$mo {‘bH$a H$X‘ CR>mZo ‘| {dbå~ Zht H$aZm
Mm{h¶o&
2. h‘mao Xoe ‘§o ^r ì¶p³VJV ñVa na ~‹T>Vr Om ahr ~bmËH$ma
Am¡a Kaobw qhgm H$s KQ>Zm¶| ^r ³¶m ór Ho$ à{V "H$m¡ad ‘hmg^m H$s
gmoM' H$mo Zhr§ Xem© ahr h¢? BVZm hr Zht, Bg g‘ñ¶m Ho$ à{V h‘mao Hw$N>
d¶modÕ
¥ ZoVmAm§o H$s {Q>ßn{U¶m± ^r ^rî‘ {nVm‘h H$s Ðm¡nXr Ho$ àíZ Ho$ CÎma
‘| H$ho J¶o Bg H$WZ H$s ¶mX {XbmVo h¢ {H$ "H$hZm ‘wpíH$b h¡ {H$ ¶w{Y{ð>a
H$m OwE§ ‘| nËZr H$mo Xm§d na bJmZm Y‘©-gå‘V Wm ¶m Zht?' ¶h g~
Bg{b¶o {dMmaUr¶ h¡ {H$ h‘ XoI| h‘mao g‘mO H$s gmoM {H$g Amoa ~‹T> ahr
h¡--V‘g H$s Amoa AWdm gÎd Am¡a AÜ¶mË‘ H$s Amoa?

lrH¥$îU … AmË‘-OmJ«V Y‘©gñ§ WmnH$ ‘hmnwéf
Ho$ ì¶{º$Ëd H$m {ÌñVar¶ dU©Z
‘hm^maV ‘o d{U©V lrH¥$îU B{Vhmg Ho$ ‘hmnwéf h¡, nwamUm| Ho$
AdVma-nwéf h¡ Am¡a AÜ¶mË‘ Ho$ ‘hoída& N>mÝXmo½¶ Cn{ZfX (3.17.6)
‘| H$hm J¶m h¡ {H$ OrdZ H$mo ¶k ({Z…ñdmW© H$‘© Ho$) ê$n ‘| OrZo H$s {ejm
Kmoa Zm‘H$ ‘h{f© Am§{Jag Zo XodH$s nwÌ lrH¥$îU H$mo Xr Wr {Ogo OrdZ ‘|
CVmaH$a do nyU© nwéf ~Zo& nadVu H$mb ‘| BÝht lrH¥$îU H$mo ‘hm^maV H$Wm
‘| Cº$ VrZmo§ énm| ‘| d{U©V {H$¶m J¶m h¡& Bg dU©Z Ûmam ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ Cg
H$‘©¶moJ H$mo {gÕ H$aHo$, {OgH$s {ddoMZm ñd¶§ CÝhm|Zo AO©Zw Ho$ {b¶o JrVm ‘|
H$s h¡, ì¶{º$ Ohm± g‘mO ‘| AÝ¶m¶ Am¡a AË¶mMma H$m Zme H$aHo$ Y‘m©MaU
H$s ñWmnZm H$aZo ‘| g’$b hmoVm h¡, dht dh AnZo öX¶ ‘| AÜ¶mË‘ H$s
D±$MmBª¶m| H$mo ^r àmá H$a boVm h¡& dñVwV… B{Vhmg Ho$ Bg ‘hmnwéf H$s JmWm
Ûmam ¶hm± ‘mZd OrdZ H$s gånyUV© m H$mo h‘| Ñ{ï>JV H$am¶m J¶m h¡& J«W§ Ho$ ‘yb
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ CÔoí¶ Ho$ AZwê$n H¥$îU M[aÌ Ho$ Ûmam ¶hm± h‘| OmJ«V hþE
AmË‘VÎd dmbo ì¶{º$Ëd H$m Xe©Z H$amH$a "gd©^Vy {hVo aV…' dmbo CZHo$
OrdZ Am¡a dMZ H$m AZwgaU H$aZo H$m g§Xe o {X¶m J¶m h¡&
h‘ D$na H$h MwH$o h¢ {H$ ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo B{Vhmg, nwamU Am¡a
AÜ¶mË‘ BZ VrZm| H$m g‘Ýd¶ Bg nmÌ Ho$ dU©Z ‘| {H$¶m h¡& gå^dV… ¶h
Bg{b¶o {H$¶m J¶m h¡ ³¶m|{H$ ‘Zwî¶ H$s MoVZm H$mo VrZ ñVa àmß¶ h¢ {OÝh|
Am{Y^m¡{VH$, Am{YX¡{dH$ Am¡a AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ Zm‘m| go gå~mo{YV {H$¶m OmVm
h¡ Am¡a Omo H«$‘e… ñWyb eara, gyú‘ eara Am¡a H$maU eara pñWV MoVZm
Ho$ ê$n h¢& lrH¥$îU ‘| MoVZm Ho$ ¶o VrZm| ñVa OmJ«V hmo MwH$o h¢& BgH$m Xe©Z
h‘| boIH$ Zo Eo{Vhm{gH$ dU©Z Ho$ gmW AZoH$ ñWbm| na àVrH$mË‘H$ dU©Z
H$aHo$ H$am¶m h¡&
‘w»¶ KQ>ZmAm| H$m dU©Z
lrH¥$îU ÛmaH$m go nm§M ~ma AmH$a nm§S>dm| go {‘bo h¢ {H$ÝVw ¶hm± h‘

BZ‘| go CZ VrZ KQ>ZmAm| H$s {ddoMZm H$a|J&o Omo Y‘© H$s ñWmnZm H$aZo
Am¡a Xþï>m| H$m Zme H$aZo hoVw hr CZHo$ OÝ‘ boZo H$s KmofUm H$s nw{ï> H$aVr
h¢&
àW‘ hñVjon
‘hm^maV Ho$ a§J‘§M na lrH¥$îU gd©àW‘ Ðm¡nXr Ho$ ñd¶§da Ho$ g‘¶
{XIVo h¢& bú¶ ôX H$aZo ‘| Xþ¶m©Yo Z g{hV AÝ¶ g^r amOmAm| Ho$ Ag’$b
hmoZo {H$ÝVw ~«m÷U doeYmar EH$ ¶wdH$ (AO©Zw ) Ho$ g’$b hmoZo na O~
H«$mo{YV amOmAm| Zo ÐþnX na AmH«$‘U {H$¶m Vmo EH$ ¶wdm ~«m÷U (^r‘) Zo
‘hm~br eë¶ H$m Am¡a Xÿgao ¶wdm ~«m÷U (AO©Zw ) Zo H$U© H$m draVmnydH© $
gm‘Zm H$aHo$ CÝh| namñV H$a {X¶m& Cg g‘¶ AÝ¶ amOmAm| H$mo lrH¥$îU
Zo ¶h H$hH$a {H$ "Bg dra ~«m÷U Zo Y‘©ndy H© $ Ðm¡nXr H$mo àmá {H$¶m h¡' CÝh§o
¶wÕ go hQ>m {X¶m& lrH¥$îU Ho$ nm§S>dm| H$m ghm¶H$ ~ZZo H$s JmWm ¶hr§ go
àmaå^ hmoVr h¡& do nm§S>dm| H$mo CZHo$ hmb na Zht N>mS‹o > XoVo daZ² CZH$s
ghm¶Vm H$aHo$ Y‘©amÁ¶ H$s ñWmnZm H$aZo H$s ~mV ‘Z ‘| R>mZ boVo h¢& do
amOm ÐþnX Ho$ Am‘ÝÌU na Am¶o Wo, A~ ¶hm± éH$ H$a hpñVZmnwa go
AmJm‘r à{V{H«$¶m H$s àVrjm H$aVo h¢ ³¶m|{H$ g~H$mo ¶h kmV hmo J¶m Wm {H$
nm§S>d A{¾H$m§S> Ho$ fS>¶Ì§ go Or{dV ~M J¶o h¢& AV… hpñVZmnwa go ¶m Vmo
Xþ¶m©Yo Z Io‘| Ho$ AmH«$‘U H$s Ame§H$m Wr AWdm Y¥Vamï´> Ûmam nm§S>dm| na
ñZoh OVmVo hþE CÝh| hpñVZmnwa ~wbm¶o OmZo H$s g§^mdZm Wr {Oggo dh
ñd¶§ na bJo H$b§H$ H$m n[a‘mO©Z H$a gHo$& Bg Xÿgar n[apñW{V ‘| ^r
Xþ¶m©Yo Z JwQ> Ho$ {H$gr AmJm‘r fS>¶Ì§ go nm§S>dm| H$s gwajm H$aZm Amdí¶H$
Wm&
Cº$ Xÿgao AZw‘mZ Ho$ AZwgma hr KQ>ZmH«$‘ K{Q>V hmoVm h¡ Am¡a
AÝVV… nm§S>dm| H$mo {bdm bmZo Ho$ {bE Y¥Vamï´> {dXþa H$mo ÐþnX Ho$ ¶hm± ôOVo
h¢& nm§S>dm| Ho$ gmW lrH¥$îU ^r hpñVZmnwa OmVo h¢& do dhm± ^rî‘, ÐmoUmMm¶©
Am¡a {dXþa Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go Y¥Vamï´> Ho$ ‘Z ‘| ¶h ~mV A§{H$V H$aZo ‘| g’$b
hmoVo h¢ {H$ Xþ¶m©Yo Z, eHw${Z Am¡a H$U©- BZ VrZm| H$s {VH$‹S>r Ho$ fS>¶ÝÌm| go
amÁ¶ H$s jrU hmoVr à{Vð>m Am¡a e{º$ H$mo ~MmZo H$m EH$ ‘mÌ Cnm¶ ¶hr
hmoJm {H$ nm§S>dm| H$mo amÁ¶ H$m EH$ ^mJ AbJ gm¢n {X¶m Om¶& O~ Y¥Vamï´>
COm‹S> Im§S>dàñW àXoe H$m amÁ¶ nm§S>dm| H$mo XoZo H$m àñVmd H$aVo h¢ Vmo
lrH¥$îU Cg na ^r gh‘{V Xoo XoVo h¢& nm§S>dm| Ho$ gmW do Im§S>dàñW OmH$a
Cg COm‹S> Am¡a {nN>S‹ >o àXoe H$mo ^r gånÞ ~ZmZo ‘| OwQ> OmVo h¢& do
BÝÐàñW Zm‘ Ho$ EH$ ^ì¶ Am¡a ñn¥hUr¶ ZJa H$m {Z‘m©U H$adm H$a Cgo$
amÁ¶ H$s amOYmZr ~ZdmVo h¢& Bg àH$ma do nm§S>dm| Ho$ Cg amÁ¶ H$mo g~
àH$ma go gwÑT‹ Vm àXmZ H$aHo$ ÛmaH$m bm¡Q> OmVo h¡&
{ÛVr¶ hñVjon … BÝÐàñW amÁ¶ H$mo EH$ e{º$ gånÞ gm‘«mÁ¶ ~ZmZm
Hw$N> H$mb CnamÝV nm§S>dm| Ho$ Cg N>mQo >o go amÁ¶ H$mo EH$ Y‘©-Ywa
gm‘«mÁ¶ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ñWm{nV H$admZo hoVw lrH¥$îU ÛmaH$m go nwZ… BÝÐn«ñW
AmVo h¡& Bg hoVw do nm§S>dm| go amOgy¶ ¶k H$admZo H$s ê$naoIm ~ZmVo h¢& Bg
H$m¶© ‘| ~mYH$ à‘wI VrZ Xþï> e{º$¶m| na do EH$-EH$ H$aHo$ {dO¶ àmá
H$aZo H$s ¶moOZm ~ZmVo h¢&
1. Im§S>d dZ H$mo AmV§{H$¶m| Am¡a bwQ>ao m| go ‘wº$ H$a Cgo CËnmXH$ joÌ
~ZmZm
gd©àW‘ do Im§S>d dZ Zm‘H$ KZKmoa dZjoÌ H$mo ^¶§H$a qhó
Xñ¶wd{¥ Îm dmbo AmV§{H$¶m| go ‘wº$ H$admZo hoVw Cg joÌ H$mo KoaH$a CZ na
AO©Zw Ho$ gmW AmH«$‘U H$aVo h¢ Am¡a CZHo$ {N>nZo Ho$ AÈ>m| H$mo ObmH$a Zï>
H$a XoVo h¢& Bg KQ>Zm H$m Am{YX¡{dH$-AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ê$nmÝVaU J«W § ‘|
{dñVma go (Am{X nd©, AÜ¶m¶ 221 go 233 ‘|) d{U©V h¡&
2. amOm Oamg§Y Ho$ AmV§H$s emgZ H$m Zme
BgHo$ níMmV² do à~b g¡Ý¶ e{º$ go gånÞ ‘JY Ho$ Xþï> g‘«mQ>
OamgÝY Ho$ AmV§H$ H$mo g‘má H$aZo H$s ¶moOZm ~ZmVo h¢& H«$y a Oamg§Y Zo
AZoH$ N>mQo >o amÁ¶m| Ho$ amOmAm| H$mo H¡$X H$a aIm Wm Am¡a CgH$s ¶moOZm
CZH$s gm‘y{hH$ hË¶m H$a Ho$ nyao joÌ ‘| AmV§H$ ’¡$bm H$a {Za§H$w e g‘«mQ>
~ZZo H$s Wr& Cgo g¡Ý¶ ¶wÕ ‘o§ OrVZm EH$ Vmo ~hþV hr XþîH$a H$m¶© hmoVm,
Xÿgao ~hþV ~‹S>m OZ-g§hma hmoVm& AV… lrH¥$îU ^r‘ Am¡a AO©Zw Ho$ gmW

~«m÷U doe Ya H$a AnZr ~w{Õ‘Îmm go Oamg§Y H$s amÁ¶g^m ‘| nhþM§þ H$a
{^jm àm{á Ho$ ê$n ‘o§ CgHo$ gmW ‘„¶wÕ H$aZo H$s BÀN>m ì¶º$ H$aVo h¢&
OamgÝY Ho$ {b¶o n[apñW{Vde Cg MwZm¡Vr H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZm A{Zdm¶© hmo
OmVm h¡& ^r‘ Ûmam Oamg§Y ‘mam OmVm h¡& ~§Xr amOmAm| H$mo ‘wº$ H$aHo$ Am¡a
Oamg§Y Ho$ nwÌ H$mo amOJÔr na ~¡R>mH$a CZ g~H$s {‘ÌVm àmá H$a br
OmVr h¡ Am¡a CÝh| BÝÐàñW amÁ¶ H$m gh¶moJr ~Zm {b¶m OmVm h¡& (g^mnd©,
A. 15 go 24; Bg àg§J Ho$ Am{YX¡{dH$/AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ VÎdm| H$mo B§{JV H$aZo
Ho$ {b¶o dU©Z ‘| ~hþV go g§H$o V aIo J¶o h¢ {OZH$s {ddoMZm h‘ AmJo H$a|J&o )
3. AÝ¶ amÁ¶m| go g§{Y¶m± AWdm CZ na {dO¶
‘JY {dO¶ Ho$ níMmV² ^r‘, AOwZ© , ZHw$b, ghXod-Mmam| ^mB© Mmam|
{XemAm| ‘| {Xp½dO¶ ¶mÌm na {ZH$bVo h¢ Am¡a gwÑT‹ gm‘«mÁ¶ ñWmnZm hoVw
CZ amÁ¶m| H$m gh¶moJ àmá H$aVo h¢& Omo ghf© ñdrH¥${V Zht XoVo CZna ¶wÕ
‘§o {dO¶ ñWm{nV H$aHo$ gh¶moJ-gpÝY Ûmam amOgy¶ ¶k ‘| CZH$s CnpñW{V
gw{ZpíMV H$aVo h¢&
4. ~bembr Am¡a Ah§H$mar Mo{X Zaoe H$s ~mYm H$m {ZamH$aU
Cg g‘¶ EH$ ~‹S>r ~mYm ~bembr Mo{X amÁ¶ Wm& CgH$m emgH$
{eewnmb nm§S>dm| H$m ‘m¡gao m Am¡a lrH¥$îU H$m ’y$’o$am ^mB© Vmo Wm {H$ÝVw
AË¶ÝV Ah§H$mar Wm& Cgo AmXanydH© $ Am‘§{ÌV {H$¶m J¶m& ¶h g‘PH$a
{H$ Cgo ‘w»¶ A{V{W H$m gå‘mZ {X¶m Om¶oJm, Mo{X Zaoe Cg amÁ¶moËgd
‘| CnpñWV hmoVo h¢& {H$ÝVw O~ ^rî‘ {nVm‘h H$s AZweg § m na gd©lðo >
AmXaUr¶ nwéf H$m gå‘mZ lrH¥$îU H$mo {X¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo Mo{X Zaoe AnZm
Amnm ImoH$a ^rî‘, nm§S>dm| Am¡a lrH¥$îU na AneãXm| H$s ~m¡N>ma ewê$ H$a
XoVo h¢& lrH¥$îU H$mo YmoI~o mO ~VmVo hþE dh CÝho§ ~bhrZ, VwÀN> Am¡a H$m¶a
Kmo{fV H$aVm h¡& V~ ^rî‘ {nVm‘h {eewnmb H$mo lrH¥$îU go EH$b ¶wÕ
H$aZo H$s MwZm¡Vr XoVo h¢& K‘ÝS>r {eewnmb VwaÝV V¡¶ma hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a
lrH¥$îU Cgo ‘¥Ë¶w H$s JmoX ‘| gwbm XoVo h¢& (g^m nd©, A. 36 go 45;
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ g§H$o V-A. 43)&

¶k gånÞ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ¶w{Y{ð>a H$mo g‘«mQ> Ho$ ê$n ‘| ñWm{nV H$aHo$
lrH¥$îU ÛmaH$m bm¡Q> OmVo h¡&
A§{V‘ {ZUm©¶H$ hñVjon … ‘hm^maV ¶wÕ
¶Ú{n ~mø ~mYmAm| H$m {ZamH$aU hmo MwH$m Wm {H$ÝVw Xþ¶m©Yo Z Am{X
H$m Ûof Vmo nm§S>dm| Ho$ Bg CËH$f© go Am¡a ^r à~b hmo J¶m Wm& do A~ àË¶j
AmH«$‘U H$aHo$ Vmo BÝÐàñW gm‘«mÁ¶ H$mo h{W¶mZo H$m gmoM ^r Zht gH$Vo
Wo, AV… CÝhm|Zo EH$ Xÿgam fS>¶ÝÌ aMm& lrH¥$îU H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| CÝhm|Zo
¶w{Y{ð>a H$mo OwE§ Ho$ M§Jbw ‘| ’§$gm¶m& Xþ¶m©Yo Z Zo AnZr Amoa go eHw${Z H$mo
IobZo H$mo ~¡R>m¶m ³¶m|{H$ dh ‘m¶mdr-{dÚm H$m OmZH$ma Wm& (¶h VÏ¶ h‘
¶wÕ àH$aU ‘| nhbo CX²YV¥ H$a MwHo$ h¢)& n[aUm‘V… ¶w{Y{ð>a àË¶oH$ Xmd
bJmVma hmaVo Mbo OmVo h¢ Am¡a A§VV… nm§S>dm| H$mo 13 df© Ho$ {b¶o
BÝÐàñW gm‘«mÁ¶ Xþ¶m©oYZ H$mo gm¢nH$a dZ ‘|o OmZm n‹S>Vm h¡& lrH¥$îU H$mo
O~ ¶h kmV hmoVm h¡ Vmo do ÛmaH$m go AmH$a nm§S>dm| go dZ ‘| {‘bVo h¢&
do CÝh| Cg ñdAm‘§{ÌV {dn{Îm H$mo Y¡¶©nyd©H$ ghZo {H$ÝVw gmW hr ^{dî¶
H$s KQ>ZmAm| H$m AZw‘mZ H$aVo hþE dV©‘mZ g‘¶ H$m ^r gXþn¶moJ H$aZo
H$m nam‘e© XoVo h¢& do AOw©Z H$mo {Xì¶mó àmá H$aZo {H$ gbmh XoVo h¢
Vm{H$ 13 df© níMmV² ¶{X H$m¡ad BÝÐnñW H$m amÁ¶ Z bm¡Q>md| O¡gr {H$
nyar g§^mdZm Wr, Vmo ¶wÕ Ho$ Ûmam amÁ¶ nwZ… àmá {H$¶m Om gHo$& Ad{Y
g‘má hmoZo na H¥$îU ÛmaH$m go nwZ… bm¡Q> H$a AmVo h¢, amÁ¶ bm¡Q>mZo go
~hmZo~mOr H$aZo dmbo H$m¡adm| H$mo g‘PmZo Ho$ {b¶o do ñd¶§ hpñVZmnwa
OmVo h¢ {H$ÝVw Xþ¶m©oYZ Ho$ {H$gr ^r àH$ma Z ‘mZZo na ¶wÕ H$s KmofUm
H$aVo h¡ Am¡a nm§S>dm| Ho$ Ý¶m¶nyU© nj H$mo {dO¶r ~ZmZo ‘| {ZUm©¶H$ ^y{‘H$m
{Z^mVo h¢& ‘hm^maVH$ma Ho$ AZwgma ¶wÕ ‘§o do àË¶j Vmo AO©Zw Ho$ aW H$m
g§MmbZ H$aZo dmbo gmaWr ~ZVo h¢ {H$ÝVw dmñVd ‘| Y‘m©Ë‘m nm§S>dm| H$mo
{dO¶ CZHo$ ZoVË¥ d go hr àmá hmoVr h¡& H$m¡ad nj Ho$ g^r à‘wI ¶moÕmAm|
H$m hZZ lrH¥$îU Ho$ ‘mJ©Xe©Z go hr g§^d hmo nmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma lrH¥$îU
A§VV… nm§S>dm| H$mo BÝÐàñW g{hV hpñVZmnwa Ho$ gånyU© gm‘«mÁ¶ na à{V{ð>V
H$adm H$a Y‘©amÁ¶ H$s ñWmnZm H$admVo h¢&

Z¡{VH$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ hZZ H$m àíZ
lrH¥$îU Ho$ ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$mo boH$a H$^r-H$^r ¶h AmbmoMZm H$s OmVr
h¡ {H$ CÝhm|Zo ¶wÕ ‘| H$B© Adgamo§ na Z¡{VH$Vm Ho$ {dnarV H$X‘ CR>mZo H$m
‘mJ©Xe©Z {X¶m& {H$ÝVw ¶h AmbmoMZm J«W § H$ma H$s Bg ‘yb Ñ{ï> H$mo {dñ‘¥V
H$a XoZo Ho$ H$maU CnOVr h¡ {H$ Z¡{VH$ {Z¶‘ Am¡a Y‘© ì¶{º$ Am¡a g‘mO
Ho$ g‘J« {dH$mg Ho$ {b¶o Cn¶wº$ gwì¶dñWm H$s ñWmnZm Ho$ {b¶o hmoVo h¢
Am¡a ¶{X Y‘© H$s ajm hoVw Amdí¶H$ hmo Om¶o Vmo BZH$m A{VH«$‘U H$aHo$ ^r
CZ AmVVmB©¶m|o H$m hZZ {H$¶m OmZm C{MV hmoJm {OZ‘| Y‘© Am¡a Z¡{VH$
{Z¶‘m| Ho$ à{V lÕm h¡ hr Zht& ‘hm^maVH$ma H$s Am¡a lrH¥$îU H$s ¶h Ñ{ï>
gZmVZ Y‘© Ho$ Bg ‘yb {gÕmÝV H$s hr ì¶wËn{Îm h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ OrdZ H$m ‘yb
CÔoí¶ ì¶{º$ Am¡a g‘mO H$m g‘J« {dH$mg h¡ {OgH$m ApÝV‘ Am¡a gdm©{YH$
‘hÎdnyU© MaU AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ {dH$mg h¡& ¶{X Z¡{VH$ {Z¶‘m| ‘| ~§Yo ahZo go
AZ¡{VH$Vm ‘§o Sy>~o AË¶mMm[a¶m| H$mo ~b {‘bVm h¡ Vmo CZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘o§
Z¡{VH$ {Z¶‘m| H$m C„§KZ H$aZm ^r Y‘© hmoJm ~eV©o Cg H$m¶© ‘| ì¶{º$ H$m
{ZOr ñdmW© Z hmo& lrH¥$îU Zo ÐmoU, H$U© Am{X Ho$ dY Ho$ {b¶o nm§S>dm| H$mo
Z¡{VH$ {Z¶‘m| H$mo C„§KZ H$aZo H$s gbmh V~ Xr Wr O~ {H$ ¶o bmoJ BZH$m
nmbZ H$a hr Zht aho Wo& {Z…eó hþE A{^‘Ý¶w na dma H$aHo$ Cgo ‘ma
S>mbZo dmbo N>… ‘hma{W¶m| ‘| ¶o ^r em{‘b Wo Am¡a Jwé ÐmoU go AídËWm‘m
hZZ H$s AgË¶ ~mV Vmo ¶w{Y{ð>a go lrH¥$îU Zo V~ H$hbdmB© Wr O~
CÝhm|Zo nm§S>d goZm na ~«÷mó H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Wm& {Xì¶móm| H$s Xrjm V~
hr Xr OmVr Wr O~ {eî¶ ¶h à{Vkm boVm Wm {H$ dh CZH$m à¶moJ Ho$db
AmË‘ajm hoVw hr H$aoJm Am¡a dh ^r V~ O~ Cg na {Xì¶mó go AmH«$‘U
{H$¶m J¶m hmo& eóm| Ho$ AmMm¶© hmoH$a ^r O~ CÝhm§Zo o Bg {Z¶‘ H$mo VmoS‹ >m
V~ lrH¥$îU Zo Cº$ AgË¶ ~mV ¶w{w Y{ð>a go H$hbdm H$a CÝh| ¶wÕ go {daV
{H$¶m Wm&
‘hm^maV ‘| lrH¥$îU H$m dU©Z Ho$db Eo{Vhm{gH$ Zht
‘hm^maV ‘| d{U©V lrH¥$îU H$s JmWm dñVwV… B{Vhmg, nwamU
(‘mBWmbm°Or) Am¡a AÜ¶mË‘ H$m g‘Ýd¶ h¡& J«W
§ ‘| h‘| ñnï> XoIZo H$mo
{‘bVm h¡ {H$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ dU©Zm| Ho$ ~rM AbJ go nm¡am{UH$ Am¡a AmÜ¶mpË‘H$
g§H$o V dmbo àH$aU aIo J¶o h¢ Am¡a J«W§ H$s ^y{‘H$m ‘§o hr Bgo B{Vhmg-nwamU
H$hm J¶m h¡&
Eo{Vhm{gH$ ì¶{º$Ëd H$s ~mV H$a| Vmo lrH¥$îU M[aÌ H$s g~ go ~‹S>r
{deofVm h¡ CZH$m nyUV© … {Z…ñdmW© OrdZ& CÝhm|Zo Z Vmo AnZo gwI Ho$
{b¶o, Z AnZo H$mo à{V{ð>V H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o hr H$moB© H$m¶© {H$¶m& Y‘©Mmar
gXmMmar ì¶{º$¶m| H$mo amÁ¶ qghmgZmo§ na Amê$‹T H$adm H$a Mh°§þ Amoa
Y‘©amÁ¶m| H$s ñWmnZm H$s& ¶h H$m¶© CÝhm|Zo o Ohm± VH$ gå^d hþAm {~Zm
g¡Ý¶ ¶wÕ {H$E H$aZo H$s gXm H$mo{ee H$s& H§$g, Oamg§Y, {eewnmb Am{X
amOmAm| H$m hZZ {~Zm g¡Ý¶ ¶wÕ Ho$ H$aZm BgHo$ gQ>rH$ CXmhaU h¢&
‘hm^maV ¶wÕ Z hmo BgHo$ {b¶o ^r CÝhm|Zo nyam à¶mg {H$¶m {H$ÝVw A{Zdm¶©
hmo OmZo na ¶wÕ H$s nr‹S>m go S>aH$a CÝhm|Zo Y‘©ñWmnZm go ‘wh± ^r Zht ‘moS‹ >m&
‘hm^maV ‘| lrH¥$îU JmWm H$m Am{YX¡{dH$- AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ g§H$o VmW©
³¶m h¡ BgHo$ Xmo njm| na h‘ {dMma H$a|J&o EH$ nj h¡-ñd¶§ lrH¥$îU H$m
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n ³¶m h¡? Xÿgam nj h¡-CZHo$ {H«$¶mH$bmnm| go gå~pÝYV
ñWmZm|/ì¶{º$¶m|/KQ>ZmAm| H$m Am{YX¡{dH$ /AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ AW© ³¶m h¡&
lrH¥$îU H$m AmÜ¶m{Ë‘H$ ñdê$n
h‘mao AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ {b¶o gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡ CZH$m
gIm/‘hoída/nwéfmoÎm‘ ê$n& dñVwV… lrH¥$îU Bgr AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ gÎmm Ho$
‘yV© ê$n h¡ Omo AOwZ© ê$n OrdmË‘m Ho$ gmaWr ~Z Cgo JrVm ê$n kmZ ^r Xo
aho h¢ Am¡a ¶wÕ ê$n H$‘© H$m ‘mJ©Xe©Z ^r H$a aho h¢& AOwZ© Zo Bgr gÎmm H$m
daU {H$¶m Wm Am¡a CgH$s eaU hþAm Wm& H$moB© ^r ‘Zwî¶ AZÝ¶ ê$n go
Cg gÎmm H$m daU H$aVo hþE JrVm ‘| H$ho hþE CZHo$ dMZm| Ho$ AZwgma
{ZîH$m‘ H$‘© nW H$mo AnZm bo Vmo CgHo$ OrdZ aW H$m g§MmbZ do Adí¶
H$a|J,o Bg‘| g§e¶ Zht&

àVrH$mË‘H$ dU©Z Ûmam KQ>ZmAm| H$m
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ê$nmÝVaU
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Bg Eo{Vhm{gH$ nj Ho$ dU©Z Ho$ gmW Hw$N> Eogo
AÝ¶ g§Ho$V ^r d{U©V {H$¶o h¢ {OZHo$ àVrH$mW© na {dMma H$aZo na
lrH¥$îU JmWm Ho$ nm¡am{UH$/AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ nj àH$Q> hmo OmVo h¢& ¶hm°§ h‘Zo
ñWmZm|/ì¶{º$¶m|/Xodm| Am{X Ho$ Zm‘m| Ho$ àVrH$mW© H$s Omo {ddoMZm H$s h¡
CgH$m ¶h AW© H$Xm{n Zht {b¶m OmZm h¡ {H$ ¶o KQ>Zm¶| H$mën{ZH$ h¢,
Eo{Vhm{gH$ Zht h¢& h‘mam ‘V h¡ {H$ KQ>Zm¶| Vmo dñVwV… Eo{Vhm{gH$ hr
ahr hm|Jr {H$ÝVw Zm‘m| H$m n[adV©Z H$aHo$ CZ Zm‘m| Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go h‘|
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ g§Xoe ào{fV [H$¶o J¶o h¢ Omo {H$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ AmÜ¶m{Ë‘H$$
{dH$mg ‘| gXm ghm¶H$ ~Zo ah|Jo&
1. hpñVZmnwa
‘hm^maV H$s ‘w»¶ H$Wm hpñVZmnwa na Xþ¶m©oYZ Am{X Ho$ Xþï> Xb
Ûmam nm§S>dm| Ho$ {dê$Õ bJmVma fS>¶§Ì H$aHo$ gÎmm h{W¶m boZo go àma§^
hmoVr h¡ Am¡a lrH¥$îU Ho$ hñVjon go dhm± nm§S>dm| H$s gÎmm ñWm{nV hmoZo na
g‘má hmoVr h¡& d¡{XH$ Am¡a nm¡am{UH$ gm{hË¶ ‘| hpñVZ² AWm©V² hmWr H$mo
~w{Õ H$m àVrH$ ~Zm¶m J¶m h¡& (~w{Õ Ho$ XodVm JUoe H$m ‘ñVH$ hmWr H$m
h¡, F$½doX Ho$ lrgyº$ ‘| "hpñVZmX à~moYZr‘²' H$hH$a na‘oídar¶ e{º$
H$s d§XZm H$s JB© h¡), AV… ñnï> h¡ {H$ B{Vhmg H$s JmWm ‘| ZJa H$m
dmñV{dH$ Zm‘ Hw$N> ^r ahm hmo, ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Cg JmWm H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$
ê$nmÝVaU H$aVo hþE Cg ZJa H$m Zm‘ hpñVZmnwa H$h H$a ~w{Õ Ho$ joÌ
H$mo B§§{JV {H$¶m h¡& Amaå^ ‘| ~hþYm Xþï>d¥{Îm¶m± à~b ahVr h¢ Am¡a do
gX²d¥{Îm¶m| H$mo X~m XoVr h¡, CÝh| OrdZ ‘| {H«$¶merb Zht hmoZo XoVt& {H$ÝVw
H¥$îU ê$n AmË‘VÎd gX²d¥{Îm¶m| H$mo {Og àH$ma CÝh| H«$‘ go BpÝÐ¶m±, ‘Z
Am¡a ~w{Õ Ho$ joÌ na ñWm{nV H$admVm h¡, Cgo hr H$Wm Ho$ ê$n ‘| d{U©V
{H$¶m J¶m h¡&

2. Im§S>dàñW H$s amOYmZr BÝÐàñW
Im§S>dàñW ì¶{³V Ho$ {bE CgH$s BpÝÐ¶m| H$m joÌ h¡& Im§S>d H$m
empãXH$ AW© h¡-Im§S> H$m ñdmX XoZodmbm, ‘rR>m AWm©V² gwImZw^y{V& AV…
Im§S>dàñW BpÝÐ¶-gwI bmbgm go ¶wº$ ‘Z h¡& AZoH$ Vah H$s H$m‘ZmE±
Am¡a dmgZmE± hr ^¶§H$a dÝ¶ àmUr h¢ {OZH$m Aml¶ ñWb ‘Z ~Z OmVm
h¡& {dH$mg nW na AmJo ~‹TZo Ho$ BÀNw>H$ ì¶{º$ H$mo dmgZmAm| go âo hþE
‘Z H$mo CZgo ‘wº$ H$amZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡& nm§S>dm| H$mo Im§S>dàñW gm¢no
OmZo H$m ¶hr g§Ho$VmW© h¡&
BÝÐàñW H$mo amOYmZr ~ZmZo H$m AW© h¡ ‘Z ‘| gd©àW‘ ew^
g§H$ënm| H$m Eogm Ho$ÝÐ ñWm{nV H$aZm {OZHo$ AZwgma OrdZ H$m ew^
g§MmbZ hmo& AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ J«§Wm| ‘| ì¶{º$ Ho$ g§X^© ‘| XodVmAm| go VmËn¶©
BpÝÐ¶m± Am¡a CZHo$ ñdm‘r BÝÐ H$m AW© ‘Z hmoVm h¡& ‘Z Ho$ ^r AZoH$
énm| ‘| ‘w»¶ VrZ ê$n h¢-1. ñdmW©-d¥{Îm¶m| go ‘wº$ gmpËdH$ ‘Z, 2.
EofUmAm| (H$m‘ZmAm|-nwÌofUm, {dÎmofUm, bmoHo$fUm) go ¶wº$ amO{gH$
‘Z, Am¡a 3. gwI^moJ H$s bmbgmAm| go J«ñV Vm‘{gH$ ‘Z& nm¡am{UH$
JmWmAm| ‘§o VX²Zwê$n BÝÐ Ho$ {^Þ ê$nm| H$m {MÌU XoIZo H$mo {‘bVm h¡&
nm§S>dm| Ho$ {bE lrH¥$îU Ho$ gh¶moJ go ~gmE JE BÝÐnñW H$mo h‘ AmÜ¶mpË‘H$
AW© ‘| ew^ g§H$ënm| (X¡dr g§nXm dmbo JwUm|) H$m Ho$ÝÐ hr ‘mZ gH$Vo h¢&
Y‘©ñWmnZm H$s AJbr H$‹S>r h¡ Y‘© gÎmm H$m joÌr¶ {dñVma& Bg
hoVw go lrH¥$îU amOgy¶ ¶k H$s ¶moOZm {H«$¶mpÝdV H$admZo Ho$ {bE nwZ…
ÛmaH$m go BÝÐàñW AmVo h¢& amOgy¶ ¶k Ho$ H$‘©H$m§S>r¶ ñdê$n H$m CÔoí¶
Xoe H$mo gV²Y‘© AmYm[aV EH$ Ho$ÝÐr¶ ì¶dñWm Ho$ A§VJ©V bmZm Wm&
ì¶{º$ Ho$ {bE AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñVa na ¶h àVrH$ h¡ ì¶{º$Ëd Ho$ gånyU© joÌ
na gV²Y‘© H$s gÎmm H$mo ñWm{nV H$aZo H$m& Bg H$m¶© ‘| CgHo$ VrZ ñVam|
go g§~§{YV VrZ àH$ma H$s ~mYmAm| Ho$ {ZamH$aU H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$mo
Im§S>d dZ Xmh, Oamg§Y dY Am¡a {eewnmb dY H$s JmWmAm| Ûmam B§{JV
{H$¶m J¶m h¡&

3. Im§S>ddZ XhZ
AO©wZ lrH¥$îU H$s ghm¶Vm go I§mS>d dZ H$m XhZ H$aHo$ Cg‘|
Nw>no qhó àm{U¶m| na {dO¶ àmá H$aVo h¢& h‘ H$h MwHo$ h¢ {H$ Im§S>dàñW
àVrH$ h¡ gwI-^moJ H$s bmbgmAm| go J«ñV ‘Z H$m& Eogo ‘Z na emgZ
ñWm{nV H$aZo H$m AW© h¡ g§¶‘ Ûmam {Z¶§ÌU& {H$ÝVw BgH$m bm^ gr{‘V
h¡& {df¶ N>mo‹S>Zo Ho$ CnamÝV ^r ag AWm©V² {df¶m| Ho$ à{V Omo amJ ah
OmVm h¡ CgH$s g‘m{á Zht hmoVr (JrVm 2.59)& Eogo ‘Z ‘o§ Nw>nr hþB©
H$m‘ZmE± hr Im§S>ddZ Ho$ qhó àmUr h¢ Am¡a BZ H$m‘ZmAm| H$m AmYma
CZHo$ à{V amJ H$m hmoZm h¡& H¥$îU Am¡a AO©wZ Ûmam Im§S>ddZ H$mo ObmZo
H$m VmËn¶© h¡ ‘Z H$mo na‘ gÎmm go Omo‹S> H$a Vn ê$nr {H$gr ^r gmYZm
Ûmam amJm| go ‘wº$ H$aZm h¡& AnZr ¶mo½¶Vm AZwgma gmYZm H$moB© ^r hmo
gH$Vr h¡, CXmhaUmW©-On, ÔZ, Ü¶mZ AWdm àm{U¶m| H$s godm& BZ‘|
‘Z H$mo bJmZo H$m gVV² à¶mg H$aZm Vn h¡& {H$ÝVw BZ‘| ~mYmE± CnpñWV
hmoVr hr h¢& H$Wm ‘| BÝÐ Omo VjH$ ZmJ H$m {‘Ì h¡, ~mYm S>mbVm h¡&
lrH¥$îU Am¡a AO©wZ, XodVmAm| g{hV Bg BÝÐ H$mo O~ namñV H$a XoVo h¢
V~ A{¾ Im§S>ddZ H$m XhZ Am¡a AOw©Z qhó àm{U¶m| H$m Zme H$aVo h¢&
ñnï> hr ¶hm± XodVm àVrH$ h¢ BpÝÐ¶m| ‘| {H«$¶merb MoVZm Ho$, Am¡a BÝÐ
CZH$mo nmofU H$aZo dmbo ‘Z H$m& CX²JV MoVZ ê$n A{¾ Ho$ {dH$mg H$m¶©
‘| O~ ¶o VÎd ~mYH$ ~ZVo h¢ Vmo BZ ~mYH$ e{º$¶m| H$mo hQ>mZo Ho$ {bE
lrH¥$îU Am¡a AO©wZ (Za d Zmam¶U) H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& lrH¥$îU
(Zmam¶U) AWm©V² AmË‘ e{º$ Am¡a AO©wZ (Za), AWm©V² g§H$ën e{º$,
nwê$fmW©&
Bg àg§J ‘| àW‘ Ñï>¶m EH$ {damoYm^mg {XImB© XoVm h¡& AO©wZ
BÝÐ Ho$ nwÌ h¢, dZdmg H$mb ‘| do {Xì¶mó àmá H$aZo BÝÐ Ho$ nmg hr J¶o
Wo, BÝÐ Zo hr nwÌ AO©wZ H$s ajm gw{ZpíMV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~«m÷U doe Ya
H$a H$U© go H$dM-Hw$ÊS>b XmZ ‘| àmá {H$¶o Wo, {H$ÝVw ¶hm± BÝÐ VjH$
ZmJ H$s ajmW© AO©wZ Am¡a lrH¥$îU go ¶wÕ H$aVo h¢ Am¡a nam{OV hmoVo h¢&
dñVwV… ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Bg AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ gË¶ H$mo ~ma-~ma B§{JV {H$¶m
h¡ {H$ ì¶{º$ ‘| CgHo$ ì¶{º$Ëd Ho$ àË¶oH$ ñVa na Xodmgwa g§J«m‘ Mb ahm
h¡& ‘Z H$m EH$ gmpËdH$ ^mJ dh BÝÐ h¡ Omo AO©wZ ê$n ‘o§ lrH¥$îU H$m
gIm h¡, Vmo Xÿgam V‘g A§e dh BÝÐ h¢ Omo VjH$ ZmJ (Ah§H$ma) H$m
{‘Ì h¡& ‘Z Ho$ BZ XmoZm| ^mJm| Ho$ ~rM ¶wÕ hmoVm ahVm h¡ {Og‘| AmË‘VÎd
ê$n lrH¥$îU H$s ghm¶Vm go gV A§e {dO¶r hmoVm h¡&
4. VjH$ ZmJ h¡ ì¶{º$ Ho$ Ah§H$ma H$m àVrH$
EH$ Am¡a ~mV na Ü¶mZ XoZm Cn¶wº$ hmoJm {H$ Bg àg§J ‘| VWm
OÝ‘oO¶ Ho$ ZmJ¶k dmbo àg§J ‘| ^r VjH$ ZmJ Ho$ Zï> hmoZo go, ~MZo H$m
dU©Z h¡& ¶hm± H$hm J¶m h¡ {H$ VjH$ Cg g‘¶ Im§S>d dZ ‘| Zht Wm, dh
BÝÐ Ho$ ¶hm± J¶m hþAm Wm Am¡a ¶Ú{n BÝÐ XodVmAm| g{hV ¶wÕ H$aZo
Im§S>dàñW Am¶o {H$ÝVw VjH$ BÝÐbmoH$ ‘| {N>nm ahm& OÝ‘Oo¶ Ho$ ZmJ
¶k dmbo àg§J ‘| ^r VjH$ H$mo AmpñVH$ ‘w{Z Zo ObZo go ~Mm {b¶m Wm&
{ZpíMV hr dU©Zm| go EH$ ‘hËdnyU© g§Ho$V {X¶m J¶m h¡& VjH$ ZmJ
Ah§H$ma H$m àVrH$ h¡& {H$ÝVw Ah§H$ma Ho$ ^r Xmo ê$n h¢& ì¶{º$ Ho$ ñVa na
gX²d¥{Îm¶m| H$mo {H«$¶mpÝdV H$aZo ‘| ^r Ah§H$ma H$s ^y{‘H$m ahVr h¡&
Ah§H$ma Ho$ {df¡bo S>§H$ H$mo hr Vmo‹S>Zm Amdí¶H$ h¡, g‘{ï> {hV ‘oo§ CgH$m
g‘yb Zme na‘oída H$mo ñdrH$ma Zht& dmñVd ‘| Ah§H$ma H$mo Zme H$aZo
H$s gm‘Ï¶© ì¶{º$ H$mo na‘oída Zo Xr hr Zht h¡& O~ dh g¥{ï> H$s àJ{V
‘| ~mYH$ ~ZVm h¡, na‘oída ñd¶§ Cgo amñVo go hQ>m XoVo h¢& h‘ AmJo
XoI|Jo {H$ {eewnmb dY Ho$ àg§J ‘| Vmo Bgo ^JdmZ Ûmam AnZo ‘| brZ
H$aZo Ho$ ê$n ‘| d{U©V {H$¶m J¶m h¡& amdU dY Ho$ àg§J ‘| ^r Bgo am‘
Ûmam AnZo ‘| brZ H$aZo H$m CëboI h¡-""Vmgw VoO g‘mZ à^w AmZZ''
(‘mZg, 6/103/5)
5. Oamg§Y … ì¶{º$ H$s àm{UH$ MoVZm
amOgy¶ ¶k H$s g’$bVm ‘| Xÿgar ~‹‹S>r> ~mYm ‘JY g‘«mQ> Wm&
CgH$m V‘g ñd^md N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o amOmAm| H$mo H¡$X H$aHo$ CZH$s gm‘y{hH$
{ZX©¶ hË¶m H$aZo Ho$ H«y$a BamXo go àH$Q> h¡& H$Wm ‘| Cgo Xþîàd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$
‘yV© ê$n ‘| B§{JV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& CgH$m Zm‘ Oamg§Y g§Ho$VmË‘H$, AW©nyU©,

Am¡a CËn{Îm H$s H$hmZr go Ow‹S>m hþAm h¡& CgH$m OÝ‘ Xmo ‘mVmAm| go,
àË¶oH$ go AmYo-AmYo eara H$m {Z‘m©U hmoH$a "Oam' amjgr Ûmam Omo‹S>
XoZo na hþAm h¡& CgH$s npËZ¶m± Xmo h¡, nw{Ì¶m± Xmo h¢, ‘§Ìr Xmo h¢, Am¡a aW
^r Xmo ¶moÕmAm| H$s gdmar dmbm h¡& EH$ ñnï> g§Ho$V ¶h H$h H$a {X¶m J¶m
{H$ Oamg§Y àm{U¶m| Ho$ ^rVa pñWV hmoH$a AHo$bm hr g~ gwIm| (lr¶m|)
H$m Cn^moJ H$aVm h¡& g~ g§Ho$Vm| na {dMma H$a| Vmo ¶h ì¶{º$ H$s àm{UH$
MoVZm H$mo B§{JV H$aVm h¡ {OgH$s Xmo g§^m{dV {XemE± h¢-(1) kmZ/
AÜ¶mË‘ H$m D$Üd©nW, Am¡a (2) AkmZ/Ah§H$ma H$m AYmoJm‘r nW&
ì¶{º$ H$mo ¶Ú{n ¶o XmoZm| Am¶m‘ CnbãÜm hþE h¡§ {H$ÝVw ~hþYm CgH$m
AkmZ Am¡a Ah§H$ma Cgo Oamg§Y ~Zm XoVm h¡& "Oamg§Y' ~Zm hþAm Vmo Xmo
àH¥${V¶m± Ho$ ‘ob (g§{Y) go h¡ {H$ÝVw dh Or ahm h¡ Ho$db Xþ~©bVm (Oam)
ê$n {ZåZ àH¥${V Ho$ joÌ ‘|& ¶o Xmo àH¥${V¶|, JrVm Ho$ AZwgma nam Am¡a
Anam àH¥${V¶m±, CgH$s Xmo ‘mVmE± h¡& Anam àH¥${V ‘m¶m h¡ Omo Cgo
g§gma H$m {dñVma H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVr h¡& (BZH$s {dñV¥V MMm© h‘
Ðm¡nXr Am¡a gw^Ðm Ho$ {ddoMZ ‘| H$a MwHo$ h¢&) lr Aa{dÝX Zo BÝh| j¡{VO
(horizontal) Am¡a D$Üd© (vertical) {dH$mg H$s àoaUmE± H$hm h¡& Vwbgr
Zo ^r g‘{ï> MoVZm H$s BZ {ÛAm¶m‘r J{V¶m| H$mo "XþB© ‘mW' eãX go
B§{JVm {H$¶m h¡ (‘mZg 1.83 N>§.)& Xmo npËZ¶m± h¡-X¡dr Am¡a Amgwar gånXm
(JrVm,A.-16), Xmo nw{Ì¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ h¢- ApñV (hmoZo H$m ^md, ewÕ Ah‘²
^md) Am¡a àm{á (g§gma H$m ñdm‘r ~ZZo H$m ^md), Xmo ‘§Ìr h¢- h§g Am¡a
{S>å^H$ {OÝh| H«$‘e… H$m¡{eH$ Am¡a {MÌgoZ Zm‘ go ^r g§~mo{YV {H$¶m
J¶m h¡& h§g/ H$m¡{eH$ Zm‘ {ddoH$ ~w{Õ H$mo B§{JV H$aVo h¢ Am¡a {S>å^H$/
{MÌgoZ ‘Z H$mo& aW eara h¡ {Og na ¶o XmoZm| MoVZmE± Amê$‹T h¢&
gmam§e ¶h {H$ Oamg§Y ì¶{º$ H$s àm{UH$ MoVZm h¡ Am¡a ‘§Ìr h¢
ì¶{º$ Ho$ ‘Z Am¡a ~w{Ó& O~ VH$ ¶o ‘§Ìr Or{dV aho, CÝhm|Zo Oamg§Y H$mo
Zr{VJV ‘mJ© go {S>JZo Zht {X¶m Am¡a dh gwa{jV ahm& BZ ‘§{Ì¶m| Ho$
‘aZo Ho$ ~mX Oamg§Y ^Q>H$ J¶m& dh AÝ¶m¶r Am¡a H«y$a hmo J¶m& dh Y‘©
H$mo ^r H$bw{fV H$aZo bJm& CgZo g§H$ën {b¶m {H$ EH$ gm¡ amOmAm| H$mo

OrV H$a dh CZH$s ~{b ^JdmZ ê$Ð H$mo M‹T>mH$a gm‘«mÁ¶m{Yn{V ~ZoJm,
Cg CÔoí¶ go {N>¶mgr amOmAm| H$mo dh ~§Xr ~Zm MwH$m Wm& Eogr Xþï>Vm na
CVa MwHo$ Oamg§Y H$mo lrH¥$îU Zo ^r‘ go ‘„ ¶wÕ ‘| ‘adm¶m&
‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Bg àH$aU ‘| Hw$N> Am¡a AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ g§Ho$V
àñVwV {H$¶o h¢& H§$g Oamg§Y H$m Xm‘mX Wm& AV… lrH¥$îU go H§$g dY
H$m à{VemoY boZo hoVw Oamg§Y Zo ‘Wwam na ~hþV ~‹S>r goZm boH$a AmH«$‘U
{H$¶m& lrH¥$îU Zo Bgo Oamg§Y H$m AnZo à{V Ûof ‘mZH$a g¡Ý¶ ¶wÕ H$m
e§IZmX Zhr§ {H$¶m& do ¶mXdm| g{hV ‘Wwam N>mo‹S>H$a npíM‘ {Xem ‘o§
{H$gr XÿañW àXoe (ÛmaH$m) Mbo J¶o& Bg Eo{Vhm{gH$ KQ>Zm ‘| lrH¥$îU
H$m bmoH${hV Ho$ à{V g‘n©U Am¡a CZH$s Ah§H$ma-eyÝ¶Vm ñnï> àH$Q>
hmoVr h¡& ‘hm^maVH$ma Zo Bg KQ>ZmH«$‘ H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ê$nmÝVaU ¶h
H$h H$a {H$¶m h¡ {H$ Oamg§Y Zo H¥$îU na 18 ~ma AmH«$‘U {H$¶o& ¶h 18
H$s g§»¶m gm§»¶ Xe©Z go g§~§{YV h¡ Omo àH¥${V Ho$ gyú‘ 18 VÎdm| H$mo
Xem©Vr h¡& Bg dU©Z H$m A{^àm¶ Oamg§Y H$mo àH¥${V go CËnÞ hþB© MoVZm
H$s àW‘ pñW{V-àm{UH$ pñW{V- H$mo B§{JV H$aZm h¡&
Oamg§Y H¥$îU na ~ma-~ma AmH«$‘U H$aVm h¡ {H$ÝVw lrH¥$îU Cgo
Ho$db nam{OV H$aVo h¢, ‘ma Zht S>mbVo& g§Ho$V ¶h {X¶m J¶m h¡ {H$
lrH¥$îU AmË‘ VÎd h¢ Am¡a àH¥${V CZH$s hr {Z{‘©Vr h¡& CZH$m àH¥${V go
eÌwVm H$m àíZ hr Zht CR>Vm& àH¥${V ‘| pñWV Oamg§Y Am{X OrdYmar
AnZo AkmZ Ho$ H$maU lrH¥$îU H$mo Z nhMmZVo hþE CÝh| ^bo hr eÌw ‘mZ
~¡R>|, do amJ-Ûof go ‘wº$ Ho$db gX²H$m¶© H$aZo dmbm| Ho$ {bE AZw‘ÝVm
VWm ghm¶H$ hmoH$a Y‘©-ñWmnZm H$admVo h¢& Bg ~mV H$mo ‘hm^maV
H$Wm ‘| ~ma-~ma ñWm{nV {H$¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ ì¶{º$ AWdm g‘{ï> Ho$ àË¶oH$
ñVa--eara, ‘Z, àmU AWdm Ah§H$ma ñVa na--gmpËdH$ Am¡a Vm‘{gH$
e{º$¶m| Ho$ ~rM Omo gVV² Xodmgwa g§J«m‘ MbVm ahVm h¡ Cg‘| lrH¥$îU
ê$n AmË‘ VÎd àË¶j ^mJ Z boVo hþE gmpËdH$ e{º$¶m| H$mo Ho$db ‘mJ©Xe©Z
XoH$a CZH$s {dO¶ H$m nW àeñV H$aVo h¢& Im§S>ddZ Xmh àH$aU ‘| do
Vm‘{gH$ ‘Z ê$n BÝÐ H$mo gmpËdH$ ‘Z ê$n AO©wZ go namñV H$amVo h¢,

{’$a Vm‘{gH$ àmU e{º$ ê$n Oamg§Y H$m dY gmpËdH$ àmUe{º$ ê$n
^r‘ go H$admVo h¢, VWm AÝV ‘| Vm‘{gH$ d¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ ‘yÎm©ê$n Y¥Vamï´> nwÌm|
Ho$ {dê$Õ gmpËdH$ d¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ ‘yÎm©ê$n nm§S>dm| H$mo ñd¶§ ¶wÕ Z H$aVo hþE
CÝh| ZoV¥Ëd àXmZ H$aHo$ {dO¶r ~ZmVo h¢& ‘hm^maV H$Wm ‘| lrH¥$îU Zo
ñd¶§ Ho$db H§$g Am¡a {eewnmb H$m dY {H$¶m h¡& H§$g Xohmg{º$ H$m Am¡a
{eewnmb O¡gm {H h‘ AmJo XoI|Jo, Ah§H$ma H$m ‘yV©ê$n h¢& BZ {dH$mam|
H$m Zme H$aZm ì¶{º$ H$s gm‘Ï¶© go ~mha h¡& ¶h H$m¶© na‘oída ñd¶§ hr
ì¶{º$ H$mo ¶mo½¶Vm àmßV hmo OmZo na CgHo$ {bE gånÞ H$aVo h¢&
lrH¥$îU Zo ^r‘ H$mo Oamg§Y H$m dY H$aZo H$s {d{Y g§Ho$V go
g‘PmB© Wr, dh ^r AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ AW© go ¶wº$ h¡& ^r‘ Am¡a Oamg§Y H$m
‘„¶wÕ ~hþV Xoa VH$ MbVm ahm {H$ÝVw XmoZm| ‘| go H$moB© ^r namñV
Zht hmo ahm Wm& lrH¥$îU Zo V~ ^r‘ H$mo EH$ g§Ho$V {H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo
Kmg H$m EH$ V¥U MraH$a Xmo ’$m‹S> H$a Xr& ^r‘ Bemam g‘P J¶m&
Cgo Oamg§Y Ho$ OÝ‘ H$s Xmo ’$m§H$mo go Ow‹S>o hmoZo H$s H$hmZr ¶mX
Am JB©& CgZo Oamg§Y H$mo nQ>H$ H$a CgHo$ eara H$mo bå~dV n¡am|
go MraVo hþE Xmo ’$m‹S> H$a S>mbr {H$ÝVw ‘hmZ AmíM¶© {H$ ‘¥V
Oamg§Y H$s do XmoZm| ’$m‹S>o nwZ… Ow‹S> JB© Am¡a dh Or CR>m& ¶wÕ nwZ…
Mmby hmo J¶m& V~ lrH¥$îU Zo nwZ… Bemam {H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo {VZH$m
Mra H$a XmoZm| hmWm| go ’$m‹S>m| H$mo {dnarV {XemAm| ‘o ’|$H$m& Bg
~ma ^r‘ Zo Oamg§Y Ho$ eara H$r XmoZm| ’$m‹S>m| H$mo {dnarV {XemAm|
‘| ’|$H$ {X¶m& V~ Oamg§Y ‘mam J¶m& Bg dU©Z H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$
AW© ¶h h¡ {H$ AnZr Vm‘{gH$ d¥{Îm¶m| H$mo g‘má H$aZo Ho$ {bE h‘
AnZo öX¶ ‘| Pm§H$ H$a AnZr àd¥{Îm¶m| H$m {díbofU H$a|& h‘| nam
Am¡a Anam àH¥${V H$s gmpËdH$ Am¡a Vm‘{gH$ àoaUm¶| ñnï>V… {^Þ
{XI|Jr& dñVwV… MoVZm H$s J{V {dH$mgmoÝ‘wIr h¡& AV… AYmoJ{V
H$s Amoa bo OmZo dmbr àd¥{Îm¶m| H$s nhMmZ hmoVo hr ì¶{º$ ‘| CÝh|
Ë¶mJ XoZo H$s BÀN>m Am¡a níMmV² g§H$ën OmJoJm AWm©V² Oamg§Y
H$s ‘¥Ë¶w hmo Om¶Jr&

6. {eewnmb … Ah‘ Ho$ {dH¥$V hmo OmZo H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m {Zê$nU
A~ {eewnmb Ho$ AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ AW© na {dMma H$a|& {eewnmb ì¶{º$
Ho$ {dH¥$V Ah‘² AWm©V² Ah§H$ma H$m àVrH$ h¡& O¡go Oamg§Y Ho$ ê$n ‘|
h‘mao g‘j àmU e{º$ H$m Vm‘{gH$ àmXe© (model) àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m
h¡, Cgr àH$ma {eewnmb Vm‘{gH$ Ah§H$ma H$m àmXe© h¡& Bgr VÏ¶ H$mo
àH$m{eV H$aZo Ho$ {bE CgHo$ ^r OÝ‘ Ho$ g§~§Y ‘| g§Ho$Vm| go ¶wº$ EH$
H$hmZr H$hr JB© h¡ (2.43)
OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ Bg ~mbH$ Ho$ VrZ Am±Io d Mma ^wOmE± Wt Am¡a dh
JYo H$s a|H$Zo H$s AmdmO ‘| ^¶§H$a Kmof H$a ahm Wm& ‘mVm lwVldm,
(lwVldm eãX H$m AW© h¡- AÝV…lwV, A§Xa H$s AmdmO) {nVm Mo{XamO
X‘Kmof (X‘Kmof={OgZo Cg AmdmO H$mo X~m {X¶m hmo) Zo AÝ¶ ^mB©
~§YwAm| g{hV ^¶-{dˆb hmo Cgo Ë¶mJ XoZo H$m {ZíM¶ {H$¶m& Cg g‘¶
AmH$medmUr hþB©, "{eew H$m nmbZ H$amo, ¶h lrgånÞ Am¡a ‘hm~br
hmoJm&' AmH$medmUr Zo nwZ… H$hm, "BgH$s ‘¥Ë¶w H$m {Z{‘Îm dh ~ZoJm
{OgH$s JmoX ‘| BgHo$ A{V[aº$ XmoZm| hmW d Vrgam ZoÌ {dbrZ hmo
Om¶|Jo&' Hw$N> H$mb CnamÝV O~ lrH¥$îU Zo Bg ~mbH$ H$mo JmoX ‘| {b¶m
Vmo A{V[aº$ hmW Am¡a Vrgam ZoÌ {dbrZ hmo J¶o& H$hmZr H$m g§Ho$V ¶h
h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ ‘| OrdmË‘m ¶Ú{n na‘mË‘m H$m A§e h¡, {H$ÝVw na‘mË‘m Zo
Cgo AnZr gmar e{º$¶m± Zhr§ àXmZ H$s h¢& ^JdmZ {dîUw Ho$ Mma hmWm| ‘|
Omo e§I, MH«$, JXm, nX²‘ h¢ do CZH$s Mma {H«$¶mË‘H$ (operative)
e{º$¶m± h¢& doX Am¡a nwamUm| ‘| {XemAm| H$mo Xodm|/Xodr-XodVmAm| H$s ^wOmAm|
go Am¡a CZH$s MoVZ e{º$¶m| H$mo CZHo$ hmWm| ‘| J«hU {H$¶o J¶o {MÝhm|/
Am¶wYm| go {Zê${nV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& (F$½doX, {dîUw nwamU, b{bVm ghóZm‘
BË¶m{X J§«Wm| Ho$ VËg§~§Yr ‘§Ìm| H$mo ^maVr¶ àVrH$ {dÚm, S>m°. OZmX©Z {‘l, {~hma
amîQ´>^mfm n[afX² (n¥ð> 57, 2.16, 224) ‘| CX²Y¥V {H$¶m J¶m h¡&) BZHo$ Ûmam do
Bg OJV H$m g§MmbZ H$a aho h¢& BZ àVrH$m| H$s gab ì¶m»¶m h‘ Bg
àH$ma H$a gH$Vo h¢--e§I àVrH$ h¡ CZH$s kmZ e{º$/gd©kVm H$m, MH«$
àVrH$ h¡ gVV n[adV©Z/‘¥Ë¶w ê$n CZH$s àH¥${V e{º$ H$m, JXm Am¡a

nX²‘ àVrH$ h¢ CZH$s {Z¶m‘H$ e{º$ ê$n Xþ…I-H$ï> VWm gwI-em§{V
H$m& VrZ ZoÌ àVrH$ h¢ H$mb Ho$ VrZ Am¶m‘-^yV, ^{dî¶ Am¡a dV©‘mZ
Ho$& lrH¥$îU H$s JmoX ‘| {eewnmb Ho$ Xmo A{V[aº$ hmW Am¡a ZoÌ Ho$
{dbmo{nV hmo OmZo Ho dU©Z go ¶hm± na‘mË‘m Am¡a OrdmË‘m H$s VwbZm
àñVwV H$s JB© h¡& OrdmË‘m na‘mË‘m H$m A§e Adí¶ h¡ {H$ÝVw EH$
Aënm§e BH$mB© ‘o§ g‘J« Ho$ g^r JwU Zht hmoVo Bgo ^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ Am¡a
AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ Xe©Z XmoZm| ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢& Ob Ho$ Ðdr¶, {nÊS>r¶ AWdm
dm¶ì¶ (J¡gr¶) JwU Ob Ho$ AUw H$mo àmá Zht h¢& JrVm ‘| ^JdmZ Zo H$hm
h¡ (9.4 d 9.5) {H$ g~ ^yV ¶Ú{n ‘oao A§e h¢, VWm{n ‘¢ gmao JwUm| Ho$
gmW ^yVm§o ‘| pñWV Zht h±ÿ, ^yVm| ‘| pñWV ‘oam AmË‘m ^yVm| H$m YmaU
nmofU Am¡a ^yVm| H$mo CËnÞ H$aZo dmbm Zht h¡& {d{eï>mÛ¡V {gÕm§V ^r
OrdmË‘m Am¡a na‘mË‘m Ho$ EH$Ëd Am¡a {^ÞVm H$m Eogm hr à{VnmXZ
H$aVm h¡& {eewnmb Ho$ Omo Xmo hmW Am¡a EH$ ZoÌ bwá hwE do {H$Z e{º$¶m|
H$mo, Am¡a eof Xmo hmW, Xmo ZoÌ {H$Z e{º$¶m| H$mo {Zê${nV H$aVo h¢, Bgo
g‘PZo H$m A~ h‘ à¶mg H$a|& ‘Zwî¶ H$mo kmZ AO©Z H$aZo H$s Amoa H$‘©
H$aZo H$s Omo j‘VmE± àmá hþB© h¢ CZ XmoZm| H$m g‘pÝdV gXþn¶moJ H$aZo
H$s ~mV JrVm, ^mJdV, ¶moJ-dm{eîR>, B©emon{ZfX O¡go g^r à‘wI J«§Wm|
‘| ñWm{nV H$s JB© h¡& dñVwV… ‘Zwî¶ H$mo BZ e{º$¶m| Ho$ AO©Z Am¡a
Cn¶moJ H$aZo H$s Omo ñdV§ÌVm ¶m Am¶m‘ {X¶o J¶o h¢ CZHo$ àVrH$ h¢
{eewnmb Ho$ Xmo eof hmW& na‘mË‘m Ho$ e§I ê$n gd© Am¡a AIÊS> kmZ H$m
EH$ Aënm§e ~w{Õ-{ddoH$ H$s Am¡a CZH$s MH«$ê$n àH¥${V e{º$ H$m jwÐm§e
h‘| H¥${V/H$‘© e{º$ H$s j‘VmAm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| àmá hþAm h¡ {OZH$m gXþn¶moJ
H$aHo$ h‘ BÝh| CZgo Am¡a A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| ^r àmá H$a gH$Vo h¢& JXm Am¡a
nX²‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| XÊS> Am¡a nwañH$ma Ho$ {dYmZ H$m g§MmbZ CÝhm|Zo AnZo
nmg aIm h¡& Bgr àH$ma H$mb Ho$ VrZ Am¶m‘m| ‘| go ^{dî¶ H$m kmZ
CÝhm|Zo ‘Zwî¶ H$mo àXmZ Zht {H$¶m&
na‘mË‘m Ho$ jwÐ A§e Ho$ ê$n ‘| OrdmË‘m H$m EH$ JwU na‘mË‘m Ho$
VXZwê$n JwU go Hw$N> {^Þ ^r hmo OmVm h¡& O¡go AË¶§V bKw (ZoZmo‘rQ>[aH$)

H$Um| Ho$ ê$n ‘| nXmW© Ho$ Hw$N> JwU ‘yb nXmW© go {^Þ hmo OmVo h¢ d¡gr hr
pñW{V "Ah‘² ^md' JwU Ho$ g§~§Y ‘| ~Z OmVr h¡& na‘mË‘m gmd©bm¡{H$H$
Ah‘² h¡ Vmo OrdmË‘m CgH$m jwÐ A§e "‘¢ h±ÿ' ê$n ‘o§ Ah‘² ^md h¡& ¶h O~
eara ‘| Ho$pÝÐV hmo OmVm h¡ Vmo V‘g ê$n Kmoa ñdmW© ‘| ~Xb OmVm h¡,
O~ ‘Z ‘| {H«$¶merb hmoVm h¡ Vmo amO{gH$ hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a ~w{Õ (kmZ)
Ho$ gmW {H«$¶merb hmoH$a Om{V ào‘, Xoeào‘, AWdm ‘mZd ào‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘|
àH$Q> hmoVm h¡& ZdOmV ~mbH$ {eewnmb dñVwV… "Ah‘²' H$m hr ê$n Wm
Am¡a AmH$medmUr Ho$ {ZX©oe -"{eew H$m nmbZ H$am|'- H$m VmËn¶© h¡ {H$
Ah‘ AnZo Amn ‘| ho¶ Zht h¡& Bg ewÕ Ah‘² H$m na‘mË‘m {dZme Zht,
ào‘ ê$n ‘| CgH$m {dñVma MmhVm h¡& Cggo dh OJV ‘| loð> {H«$¶mE°§
gånÝZ H$amH$a {dH$mg Ho$ Y‘©MH«$ H$mo J{V {XbmZm MmhVm h¡& {H$ÝVw
¶{X H$moB© OrdmË‘m Bggo ^Q>H$ OmVm h¡ Am¡a Ah§H$ma ê$n Jhao AkmZHy$n
‘| {Ja OmVm h¡ Vmo na‘oída hr Cg Ah§H$ma H$m Zme H$aVo h¡&
Mo{XZaoe {eewnmb H$m OrdZ Bg Xÿgao nj H$m hr CXmhaU àñVwV
H$aVm h¡& BÝÐàñW ¶k H$s A{V{W g^m ‘| ‘w»¶ A{V{W H$m gå‘mZ Z
{‘bZo na dh {Og àH$ma ‘hmZ ¶moÕm ^rî‘, AO©wZ, lrH¥$îU Am¡a
¶k‘mZ ¶w{Y{ð>a na ~ago Am¡a Jm{b¶m± Xr dh CgHo$ Ah§H$ma H$m A§YmnZ
Wm& Ah§H$ma ‘| Sy>~m CgH$m OrdZ {H$VZm ñdoÀN>mMmar Am¡a H$XmMmar hmo
J¶m Wm CgH$m H$ÀMm {MÆ>m lrH¥$îU Zo Cg g^m ‘| gwZm¶m h¡ O~ CgZo
lrH¥$îU H$mo ¶wÕ Ho$ {bE bbH$mam--"OZmX©Z! ‘¢ Vwåh| ~wbm ahm h°y§,
AmAmo ‘oao gmW ¶wÕ H$am|' (2.45.2)& H$Wm ‘| gm¡ AnamY j‘m H$aZo H$s
~mV Am¡a gwXe©Z MH«$ H$m AmdmhZ H$aHo$ Cggo {eewnmb H$m ‘ñVH$
N>oXZ H$aZo H$m dU©Z H$Wm H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ AW© ào{fV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o
{H$¶m J¶m h¡& {eewnmb Ho$ gm¡ AnamY j‘m H$aZo H$m AW© h¡ OrdZ ‘|
AZw^dm| go n[adV©Z hmo gH$Zo H$s g§^mdZm Ho$ n[anoo«ú¶ ‘| na‘oída h‘mao
Ah§H$ma O{ZV AnamYm| H$m VËH$mb XÊS> Zht Xoo XoVo& do V^r hñVjon
H$aVo h¢ O~ Ah§H$ma Y‘© nW Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| MÅ>mZr ~mYm ~Z Om¶, AÝ¶Wm
Ah§H$ma H$m e‘Z n[apñW{V¶m| de ^r hmoVm h¡, ¶h h‘ AnZo AZw^d go

^r OmZVo h¢& lrH¥$îU Ûmam gwXe©Z MH«$ H$m AmdmhZ H$aHo$ Cggo Ah§H$ma
ê$n {eewnmb H$m dY H$aZo H$m AW© h¡ {H$ {ZaÝVa Mb aho g§gma MH«$ go
¶{X h‘mao Ah§H$ma H$m e‘Z Zhr§ hmo nmVm h¡ Vmo na‘ MoVZ e{º$ ñd¶§
Cg MH«$ H$m g§MmbZ AnZo hmW ‘| boH$a Eogr n[apñW{V¶m| H$m Am¶moOZ
H$aVr h¡ {Oggo g‘{ï> {dH$mg H$s ~mYm Am¡a ì¶{º$ Ho$ Ah§H$ma H$m e‘Z,
XmoZm| H$m¶© gånÝZ hmo Omd|&
{ZîH$f© … Bg àH$ma ‘Z, àmU Am¡a Ah§H$ma H$s V‘g e{º$¶m| H$m
BÝht joÌm| H$s gXe{º$¶m| Ho$ Ûmam e‘Z H$admH$a lrH¥$îU BÝÐàñW H$m
amOgy¶ ¶k gånÞ H$admVo h¢ AWm©V² gX²e{º$¶m| H$s gÎmm BZ joÌm| na
ñWm{nV hmo OmVr h¡&
{H$ÝVw Y‘© ñWmnZm H$m H$m¶© A^r nyam Zht hmoVm& EH$ ~‹S>r g‘ñ¶m
~w{Õ na V‘g d¥{Îm¶m| H$m Am{YnË¶ hmoZm h¡& ¶o V‘g d¥{Îm¶m°§ AnZo nj
Ho$ g‘W©Z ‘| VH©$ JT>H$a gX²d¥{V¶m| H$mo H$m¶© Zht H$aZo XoV§t& lrH¥$îU Ho$
ÛmaH$m bm¡Q> OmZo na H$m¡adm| Ûmam OwE H$m N>b aMH$a nm§S>dm| H$mo BÝÐàñW
H$s gÎmm go ^r {ZîH$m{gV H$a XoZo Ed§ nm§S>dm| Ûmam 13 df© Ho$ dZdmg H$s
eV© nyar H$a XoZo na ^r H$m¡adm| Ûmam AnZo VH©$ JT> H$a amÁ¶ bm¡Q>mZo go
gm’$ BÝH$ma H$aZo H$s Omo KQ>ZmE± d{U©V h¢ do Hw$pËgV ~w{Õ Ho$ H$m¶© H$aZo
H$s Bgr e¡br H$mo Xem©Vr h¢& lrH¥$îU ¶wÕ ‘| nm§S>dm| H$mo nJ-nJ na
‘mJ©Xe©Z XoH$a CÝh| hpñVZmnwa Am¡a BÝÐàñW Ho$ gånyU© amÁ¶ na à{V{ð>V
H$am XoVo h¢, ¶h CZHo$ Y‘© g§ñWmnZm d«V H$mo àH$m{eV H$aVm h¡& ¶hm± ^r
lrH¥$îU ñd¶§ ¶wÕ Zht H$aVo, Ho$db ‘mJ©Xe©Z XoVo h¢ Omo JrVm ‘| d{U©V
CZH$s "‘hoída' H$r ^y{‘H$m H$s nw{ï> H$aVm h¡& JrVm ‘| lrH¥$îU Zo ñd¶§
H$mo Omo OrdmË‘m H$m gIm, AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ‘mJ©Xe©H$ Am¡a ‘hoída H$hm h¡
(9.18, 13.22) CgH$m hr ‘hm^maV ¶wÕ ‘| Bg àH$ma {MÌU {H$¶m J¶m
h¡&

Understanding the Spiritual Aspects of Mahabharata Characters

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Understanding the Spiritual Aspects of Mahabharata Characters

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m

AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ àVrH$mË‘H$ ñdê$n

àH$meZ df© … 2020

gånH©$ … àmo. Eb.EZ. YyV

EH$ àm§g{JH$ nwZnm©R> ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n .

ii. ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m àVrH$mË‘H$/AmÜ¶mpË‘H$

N>b H$[a Q>maoC Vmgw ~b à^w gwa H$maO H$sÝh&

iv. ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n v.

‘hm^maV Ho$ H$WmZH$ H$s ZB© Ñ{ï> go ì¶m»¶m d grI

vi. ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n vii.

viii. ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n ix.

x. ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

2 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 3

4 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

6 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 7

8 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

10 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 11

12 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

14 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 15

16 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

18 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

20 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 23

24 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 25

26 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 27

28 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 29

30 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

32 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 33

34 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

36 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 37

38 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 39

42 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 43

44 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 45

46 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 47

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 49

50 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 51

52 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 53

54 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 55

56 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n

‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n 57

58 ‘hm^maV Ho$ nmÌm| H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ñdê$n