INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

Mathematics: analysis and approaches

MAA SL

EXERCISES MAA SL 2.1-2.2

LINES - QUADRATICS

Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis

LINES

A. Practice questions

1. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

Consider the points A(2,7), B(5,11)
(a) Find the gradient of the line (AB). [2]
(b) Write down the gradient of a perpendicular line to (AB). [1]
(c) Let M be the midpoint M of the line segment [AB]. Find the coordinates of M. [1]
(d) Find the distance between A and B (i.e. the length AB). [2]
(e) Find the coordinates of the point C if B is the midpoint of the line segment [AC]. [2]

2. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

Consider the points A(3,5), B(a,1), C(7,-3) and D(d+10,d), where a, dR. Find the values
of a in each of the following cases:
(a) If the gradient of the line (AB) is 2. [2]
(b) If the midpoint of the line segment [AB] is M(7,3). [1]
(c) If B is the midpoint of the line segment [AC]. [1]
(d) If B is the midpoint of the line segment [AD]. [2]
(e) If the distance between A and B is 5. [2]

3. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

4
Let A(3k,4k) be a point of the line L with equation y  x , where k is an integer.
3
(a) Verify that the point A lies on the line L. [1]
(b) Find the possible values of k if the distance between the origin and A equals 10. [3]
(c) Write down the coordinates of the two points on the line L whose distance from
the origin is equal to 10. [2]

(MAA SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 1

 MAA SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

4. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]

Find the equation of the line passing through A(3,4) and B(5,7)
(a) expressed in the form y = mx+c. [3]
(b) expressed in the form ax+by = c, where a, b, c are integers. [2]

5. [Maximum mark: 8] [with / without GDC]

Consider the line L with equation y = 2x – 3.
(a) Find the line L1 which is parallel to L and passes through the point A(1,9). [2]
(b) Find the line L2 which is perpendicular to L and passes through the point A(1,9). [2]
(c) Find the coordinates of the intersection point B between L and L2. [2]
(d) Find the distance between the points A and B (and hence the distance between
the lines L and L1). [2]

6. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

Consider the points A(2,5) and B(3,8).
(a) Find the gradient of the line L1 passing through A and B. [1]
(b) Find the equation of the line L1. [2]
(c) Find the line L2 which is perpendicular to L1 and passes through the point A. [2]
(d) Express both equations of L1 and L2 in the form ax+by = c , where a, b, c are
integers. [2]
(e) Write down the solution of the two simultaneous equations found in (d). [1]

7. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

Consider the points A(-2,5) and B(4,9).
(a) Find the gradient of the line L passing through A and B. [1]
(b) Find the coordinates of the midpoint M between A and B. [1]
(c) Find the equation of the line which is perpendicular to L and passes through the
point M. [2]
(d) Find the distance between the points A and B. [2]
(e) Write down the distance between M and B, in the form a , where a  Z . [2]

8. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]

Consider the points A(2,-5), B(2,8), C(6,5) and D(-3,5).
(a) Find the equation of the line L1 passing through A and B. [1]
(b) Find the equation of the line L2 passing through C and D. [1]
(c) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection P between the lines L1 and L2. [1]
(d) Find the area of the triangle BPC. [2]
(e) Find the area of the triangle ABD. [2]

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 MAA SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

9. [Maximum mark: 7] [with / without GDC]

The following three lines l1, l2, and l3 are defined with equations
l1 : x  y  5 , l2 : x  2 y  8 , l3 : x  2
and are shown in the figure below.

(a) Find the coordinates of the common point A between the lines l1 and l2. [2]
(b) Write down the coordinates of the common point B between the lines l1 and l3 and
of the common point C between the lines l2 and l3. [2]
(c) Hence, find the area of the triangle ABC. [3]

B. Past paper questions (SHORT)

10. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

The diagram below shows the line with equation 3x + 2y = 18. The points A and B are
the y and x-intercepts respectively. M is the midpoint of [AB].
y

A
3x + 2y =18

B
O x

Find the coordinates of (i) the point A; (ii) the point B; (iii) the point M.

11. [Maximum mark: 6] [with / without GDC]

Consider the line L with equation y + 2x = 3. The line L1 is parallel to L and passes
through the point (6, –4).
(a) Find the gradient of L1. [1]
(b) Find the equation of L1 in the form y = mx + b. [3]
(c) Find the x-coordinate of the point where line L1 crosses the x-axis. [2]

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 MAA SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

QUADRATICS

A. Practice questions

12. [Maximum mark: 21] [with GDC]

Complete the following table for the three quadratic functions below

f ( x)  2 x 2  12 x  10 f ( x)  2 x 2  12 x  18 f ( x)  2 x 2  12 x  23
Roots

Factorisation
(if possible)
axis of
symmetry

Vertex
Vertex form
f ( x)  a ( x  h) 2  k
Solve
f ( x)  0
Solve
f ( x)  0
Solve
f ( x)  0
Solve
f ( x)  0

B. Past paper questions (SHORT)

13. [Maximum mark: 4] [with / without GDC]

2
(a) Factorize x – 3x – 10. [2]
2
(b) Solve the equation x – 3x – 10 = 0. [2]

14. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

The diagram represents the graph of the function f : x ֏ (x – p)(x – q).
y

– 12 2 x

(a) Write down the values of p and q. [2]

(b) The function has a minimum value at the point C. Find the x-coordinate of C. [2]

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 MAA SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

15. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

The following diagram shows part of the graph of f, where f (x) = x2 − x − 2.

(a) Find both x-intercepts. [4]

(b) Find the x-coordinate of the vertex. [2]

16. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

The diagram shows the parabola y = (7 – x)(l + x). The points A, C are the x-intercepts
and the point B is the maximum point. Find the coordinates of A, B and C.
y

A 0 C x

17. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

The diagram shows part of the graph with equation y = x2 + px + q. The graph cuts the
x-axis at –2 and 3.
y

x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–2

–4

–6

Find the value of (i) p; (ii) q.

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 MAA SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

18. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

The diagram shows the graph of the function y = ax2 + bx + c.
y

Complete the table below to show whether each expression is positive, negative or
zero.

Expression positive negative zero

a
c
b2 – 4ac
b

19. [Maximum mark: 7] [with / without GDC]

2
Let f (x) = 8x – 2x . Part of the graph of f is shown below.

(a) Find the x-intercepts of the graph. [4]

(b) (i) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry.
(ii) Find the y-coordinate of the vertex. [3]

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20. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Let f (x) = p(x – q)(x – r). Part of the graph of f is shown below.

The graph passes through the points (–2, 0), (0, –4) and (4, 0).

(a) Write down the value of q and of r. [2]

(b) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry. [1]
(c) Find the value of p. [3]

21. [Maximum mark: 4] [with / without GDC]

The quadratic equation 4x2 + 4kx + 9 = 0, k > 0 has exactly one solution for x.
Find the value of k.

22. [Maximum mark: 6] [with / without GDC]

2
The equation kx + 3x + 1 = 0 has exactly one solution. Find the value of k.

23. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]

The quadratic equation kx2 + (k – 3)x + 1 = 0 has two equal real roots.
(a) Find the possible values of k. [5]
2
(b) Write down the values of k for which x + (k – 3)x + k = 0 has two equal real roots. [2]

24. [Maximum mark: 7] [with GDC]

2
Consider f(x) = 2kx – 4kx + 1, for k ≠ 0. The equation f(x) = 0 has two equal roots.
(a) Find the value of k. [5]
(b) The line y = p intersects the graph of f. Find all possible values of p. [2]

25. [Maximum mark: 6] [with / without GDC]

The equation x2 – 2kx + 1 = 0 has two distinct real roots. Find the set of all possible
values of k.

26. [Maximum mark: 6] [with / without GDC]

A family of functions is given by
f (x) = x2 + 3x + k, where k  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}.
Find the possible values of k if the curve of this function crosses the x-axis.

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27. [Maximum mark: 6] [with GDC]

Consider two different quadratic functions of the form f (x) = 4x2 − qx + 25. The graph of
each function has its vertex on the x-axis.
(a) Find both values of q. [3]
(b) For the greater value of q, solve f (x) = 0. [1]
(c) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the two graphs. [2]

28. [Maximum mark: 4] [with / without GDC]

(a) Express f (x) = x2 – 6x + 14 in the form f (x) = (x – h)2 + k, where h and k are to be
determined. [2]
(b) Hence, or otherwise, write down the coordinates of the vertex of the parabola with
equation y = x2 – 6x + 14. [2]

29. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Consider the function f (x) = 2x2 – 8x + 5.
(a) Express f (x) in the form a (x – p)2 + q, where a, p, q  . [4]
(b) Find the minimum value of f (x). [2]

30. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Let f (x) = a (x − 4)2 + 8.
(a) Write down the coordinates of the vertex of the curve of f. [2]
(b) Given that f (7) = −10, find the value of a. [2]
(c) Hence find the y-intercept of the curve of f. [2]

31. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

The diagram shows part of the graph of the curve y = a (x – h)2 + k, where a, h, k  .

20

15

10 P(5, 9)

0 x
1 2 3 4 5 6 .

(a) The vertex is at the point (3, 1). Write down the value of h and of k. [2]
(b) The point P (5, 9) is on the graph. Show that a = 2. [3]
(c) Hence show that the equation of the curve can be written as y = 2x2 – 12x + 19. [1]

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 MAA SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

32. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]

The function f (x) is defined as f (x) = –(x – h)2 + k. The diagram below shows part of the
graph of f (x). The maximum point on the curve is P (3, 2).

y
4
P(3, 2)
2

x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–2

–4

–6

–8

–10

–12

(a) Write down the value of (i) h ………. (ii) k. ……… [2]

(b) Write down the possible values of f (x) ……………… [2]

(c) Show that f (x) can be written as f (x) = –x2 + 6x – 7. [1]

33. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

The diagram shows part of the graph of y = a (x – h)2 + k. The graph has its vertex at P,
and passes through the point A with coordinates (1, 0).
y

P
2

A
–1 0 1 x

(a) Write down the value of (i) h …….. (ii) k………. [3]
(b) Calculate the value of a. [3]

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 MAA SL 2.1-2.2 LINES – QUADRATICS

34. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function, with equation in
the form y = (x − p)(x − q), where p, q  .

(a) (i) Write down the value of p and of q

(ii) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry of the curve [3]
2
(b) Find the equation of the function in the form y = (x − h) + k, where h, k  . [3]

35. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Part of the graph of the function y = d (x −m)2 + p is given in the diagram below.
The x-intercepts are (1, 0) and (5, 0). The vertex is V(m, 2).

(a) Write down the value of (i) m (ii) p [4]

(b) Find d. [2]

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36. [Maximum mark: 8] [with / without GDC]

The equation of a curve may be written in the form y = a(x – p)(x – q). The curve
intersects the x-axis at A(–2, 0) and B(4, 0). The curve of y = f (x) is shown in the
diagram below.
y
4

A B
–4 –2 0 2 4 6 x

–2

–4

(a) Write down the value of p and of q. [2]

(b) Given that the point (6, 8) is on the curve, find the value of a. [2]
(c) Write the equation of the curve in the form y = ax2 + bx + c. [1]
(d) Write the equation of the curve in the form y = a (x − h)2 + k, where h, k  .. [3]

37. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function f.

The x-intercepts are at (–4, 0) and (6, 0) and the y-intercept is at (0, 240).
(a) Write down f (x) in the form f (x) = –10(x – p)(x – q). [2]
(b) Find another expression for f (x) in the form f (x) = –10(x – h)2 + k. [4]
(c) Show that f (x) can also be written in the form f (x) = 240 + 20x – 10x2. [2]

38. [Maximum mark: 10] [with GDC]

Let f (x) = ax2 + bx + c where a, b and c are rational numbers.
(a) The point P(–4, 3) lies on the curve of f. Show that 16a –4b + c = 3. [2]
(b) The points Q(6, 3) and R(–2, –1) also lie on the curve of f. Write down two other
linear equations in a, b and c. [2]
(c) Hence find f (x). [3]
(d) Write f (x) in the form f (x) = a(x – h)2 + k, where a, h and k are rational numbers. [3]

(MAA SL 2.1-2.2) – Page 11

 MAA SL
EXERCISES 2.1-2.2 SOLUTIONS
LINES – QUADRATICS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

LINES

A. Practice questions
4 3 7
1. (a) m AB  (b) m AB   (c) M( ,9) (d) d = 5 (e) (8,15)
3 4 2
2. (a) a  1 (b) a  11 (c) a  5 (d) a  5 ( and d = -3) (e) a  0 or a  6
3. (a) For x  3k , we obtain y  4k (b) k  2 (c) (6,8) and (-6,-8)
3 3 1
4. (a) m AB  , y  x (b) 3 x  2 y  1
2 2 2
1 19
5. (a) y  2 x  7 (b) y   x  (c) B(5,7) (d) d  20  2 5
2 2
1 17
6. (a) m AB  3 (b) y  3 x  1 (c) y   x  (d) 3 x  y  1 and x  3 y  17 (e) A(2,5)
3 3
2 3 17
7. (a) m AB  (b) M(1,7) (c) y  
x (d) d = 52 = 2 13 (e) 13
3 2 2
65
8. (a) x  2 (b) y  5 (c) P(2,5) (d) ABPC = 6 (e) AABD =
2
12  8
9. (a) A(6,-1) (b) B(-2,7) C(-2,-5) (c) Area =  48
2

B. Past paper questions (SHORT)

10. (i) 3x + 2y = 18, For x=0 2y = 18  y = 9

therefore A = (0,9)
(ii) For y=0, 3x = 18  x = 6
B = (6,0)
0 6 9 0
(iii) midpoint between (0, 9) and (6, 0):  ,  = (3, 4.5)
 2 2 
11. (a) y  2 x  3
gradient of line L1  2
(b) METHOD 1
( y  y )  m ( x  x )   y  (4)   2( x  6)
y  4  2 x  12
y  2 x  8
METHOD 2
Substituting the point  6, 4  in y  mx  c ,
4 = –2(6) + c  c = 8
y  2 x  8
(c) when line L1 cuts the x-axis, y = 0
y  2 x  8
x4

1
 QUADRATICS

A. Practice questions
12.
f ( x)  2 x 2  12 x  10 f ( x)  2 x 2  12 x  18 f ( x)  2 x 2  12 x  23

Roots 1, 5 3 (double), No real roots,

Factorisation No
f ( x )  2( x  1)( x  5) f ( x )  2( x  3) 2
(if possible) factorization

axis of
symmetry x3 x3 x3

Vertex V(3,-8) V(3,0) V(3,5)

Vertex form
f ( x )  a ( x  h) 2  k
f ( x)  2( x  3) 2  8 f ( x )  2( x  3) 2 f ( x )  2( x  3) 2  5
Solve
f ( x)  0 x 1 or x5 xR xR
Solve
f ( x)  0 x  1 or x  5 x  R  {0} xR
Solve No solutions
f ( x)  0 1 x  5 x0 (It is always positive)
Solve No solutions No solutions
f ( x)  0 1 x  5 (It is always positive or 0) (It is always positive)

B. Past paper questions (SHORT)

13. (a) x2 – 3x – 10 = (x – 5)(x + 2)
(b) x2 – 3x – 10 = 0  (x – 5)(x + 2) = 0 x = 5 or x = –2

1
14. (a) p=– , q = 2 or vice versa
2
 1 2 3
(b) By symmetry C is midway between p, q  x-coordinate is 2 
2 4

15. (a) f (x) = 0

1 9
x  1x  2, 1  9
OR x =,
2 2
intercepts are (1, 0) and (2, 0) (accept x = 1, x = 2)
x1  x 2 b
(b) xv  OR xv  
2 2a
xv = 0.5
16. (7 – x)(1 + x) = 0 x = 7 or x = –1
7  1
B: x = =3
2
y = (7 – 3)(l + 3) = 16

2
17. y = (x +2)(x – 3) = x2 – x – 6
Therefore, p = –1, q = –6
OR
0 = 4 – 2p + q
0 = 9 + 3p + q
p = –1, q = –6

18. Graph of quadratic function.

Expression + – 0
a
c
b2 – 4ac
b

19. (a) f(x) = 0  2x(4 – x) = 0  x = 4, x = 0

x-intercepts are at 4 and 0 (accept (4, 0) and (0, 0))
(b) (i) x = 2 (must be equation)
(ii) substituting x = 2 into f(x)  y = 8

20. (a) q = –2, r = 4 or q = 4, r = –2

(b) x = 1 (must be an equation)
4 1
(c) substituting (0, –4) into the equation: –4 = –8p  p =   
8  2
2
21. 4x + 4kx + 9 = 0
Only one solution  b2 – 4ac = 0
16k2 – 4(4)(9) = 0
k2 = 9  k = 3
But given k > 0, k = 3

22. One solution  discriminant = 0

9 1 
32 – 4k = 0  9 = 4k  k =   2 , 2.25 
4 4 
23. (a) (k – 3)2 – 4 × k × 1 = 0, k2 – 10k + 9 = 0
k = 1, k = 9
(b) k = 1, k = 9

24. (a)   0,  (–4k)2 – 4(2k)(1) = 0  16k2 – 8k = 0  8k(2k– 1) = 0

1
k
2
(b) vertex is on the x-axis  p > 0

25. Discriminant ∆ = (–2k)2 – 4

∆>0
(2k) – 4 > 0  4k2 – 4 > 0
2

EITHER 4k2 > 4  k2 > 1 OR 4(k – 1)(k + 1) > 0

THEN k < –1 or k > 1

3
26. Δ = 9 – 4k > 0  2.25 > k
crosses the x-axis if k = 1 or k = 2

27. (a) Δ = 0  q2  4(4)(25) = 0  q2 = 400  q = 20, q = 20

(b) x = 2.5
(c) (0, 25)

28. (a) f (x) = x2 – 6x + 14

f (x) = x2 – 6x + 9 – 9 + 14
f (x) = (x – 3)2 + 5

(b) Vertex is (3, 5)

29. (a) 2x2 – 8x + 5 = 2(x2 – 4x + 4) + 5 – 8 = 2(x – 2)2 – 3

OR vertex at (2, –3)  y = 2(x – 2)2 – 3
=> a = 2, p = 2, q = –3
(b) Minimum value of f (x) = –3

30. (a) Vertex is (4, 8)

(b) Substituting 10 = a(7  4)2 + 8  a = 2
(c) For y-intercept, x = 0
y = 24

31. (a) Since the vertex is at (3, 1)

h = 3, k = 1
(b) (5, 9) is on the graph  9 = a(5 – 3)2 + 1
 9 = 4a + 1  4a = 8  a = 2
(c) y = 2(x – 3)2 + 1 = 2(x2 – 6x + 9) + 1 = 2x2 – 12x + 19

32. (a) h3 k 2

(b) y≤2
(c) f ( x)   ( x  3) 2  2   x 2  6 x  9  2   x 2  6 x  7

33. (a) (i) h = – 1, (ii) k = 2

(b) a(l + l)2 + 2 = 0  a = –0.5

34. (a) (i) p = 1, q = 5 (or p = 5, q = 1)

(ii) x=3 (must be an equation)
(b) y = (x  1)(x  5) = x2  6x + 5 = (x  3)2  4
OR For x = 3, y =  4  y = (x  3)2  4

4
35. (a) (i) m = 3 (ii) p = 2
(b) 0 = d(1  3)2 + 2 OR 0 = d(5  3)2 + 2 OR 2 = d(3  1)(3  5)
1
d 
2

36. (a) p  2 q  4 (or p  4, q  2 )

(b) y  a ( x  2)( x  4)

1
8  a (6  2)(6  4)  8  16a  a 
2
1 1 1
(c) y  ( x  2)( x  4)y  ( x 2  2 x  8)
y  x2  x  4
2 2 2
1 9
(d) y ( x  1) 2 
2 2

37. (a) f (x) = –10(x + 4)(x – 6)

(b) METHOD 1
Vertex: x = 1, y = –10(1+ 4)(1– 6)
f (x) = –10(x –1)2 + 250
METHOD 2
f (x) = –10(x2 – 2x – 24)
complete the square f (x) = –10((x –1)2 –1– 24) = –10(x –1)2 + 250
(c) f (x) = –10(x + 4)(x – 6) = –10(x2 – 6x + 4x – 24) = 240 + 20x –10x2
OR
f (x) = –10(x –1)2 + 250 =–10(x2 – 2x +1) + 250 = 240 + 20x –10x2

38. (a) substituting (–4, 3)

3 = a(–4)2 + b(–4) + c  16a – 4b + c = 3
(b) 3 = 36a + 6b + c
–1 = 4a – 2b + c
(c) a = 0.25, b = –0.5, c = –3 (accept fractions)
f (x) = 0.25x2 – 0.5x – 3
(d) f(x) = 0.25(x – 1)2 – 3.25
(accept h = 1, k = –3.25, a = 0.25, or fractions)