AAP 0007-29 Prof. Jonef Raul B.

Reyes
Art Appreciation Group 1: Painting

Members: Mediums of Painting

 Bermudez, Francois
 Hermosa, Jhynne Frix There are six major painting media, each with specific
 Marana, Yasmaine individual characteristics: (FOTAWE)
 Perez, Jailouise A.
 Puato, Aron Guillian  Fresco
 Teodoro, Frances Kay  Oil
 Vinuya, Heleina Martinez  Tempera
 Yap, Allan Dale  Acrylic
 Watercolor
Topic Outline:  Encaustic
1. Brief History of Painting
2. Mediums of Painting All of them use the following three basic ingredients:
3. Elements of Painting
4. Different Kinds of Painting  Pigment – granular particles incorporated
5. Forms of Painting into the paint to contribute color
6. 5 Known Artists (World View)  Binder (vehicle) – holds the pigment in the
7. 5 Local Artists solution until it’s ready to be dispersed onto
the surface
Brief History of Painting  Solvent – controls the flow and application of
the paint; to dilute it to the proper viscosity or
thickness, before it’s applied to the surface
 The origin of painting as we know it today,
Six Main painting media:
historians believe, that it was born in the
Neolithic period, (X of the millennium BC)
1. Fresco painting is used exclusively on
 Painting first appeared in prehistory, when
plaster walls and ceilings. The medium of
nomadic people painted on rocky walls. They
fresco has been used for thousands of years
drew with charcoal and left markings in the
but is most associated with its use in
caverns they traveled through.
Christian images during the Renaissance
 The oldest paintings known to date, period in Europe.
produced by humans, were made more than
42,000 years ago, according to a recent
There are two forms of fresco: Buon or ―wet,‖ and
discovery in Spain.
secco, meaning ―dry.‖
 The first painting was made by primitive
men.
Buon fresco technique
 The first paintings were done on the walls
and ceilings of the caves.
An example of Buon fresco painting:
 Early Christian Painting was the watershed
between painting from Antiquity and
Medieval, and it still gave many subsidies to
the painters of the Renaissance,
Neoclassicism, and Romanticism.

History of Painting in the Philippines

 The Development of Philippine art comes in

three major traditions: Domenico di Michelino’s Dante and the Divine
1. Ethnic Tradition Comedy (1465)
2. Spanish Colonial Period
3. American Colonial Tradition and
Contemporary Tradition

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Art Appreciation
Secco fresco technique
An example of Secco fresco painting:
Leonardo Da Vinci’s The Last Supper (1495-98)
2. Oil paint is the most versatile medium. It
utilizes pigment and linseed oil as a binder. Oil paint
dries slowly than other media, allowing for finer detail
blends on the support. This extra time allows for
tweaks and alterations without having to scrape off
dried paint.
· Recent study on paintings
discovered in Afghanistan caves shows
oil-based paints were employed there as
early as the seventh century.
· It may be used directly from the
tube (without use of a vehicle), thinned
and used in nearly translucent glazes, or
built up in thick layers termed impasto.
An example of oil painting:
Jan Brueghel the Elder’s Flowers in a Vase
(1599)
3. Tempera paint is made by combining the
pigment with an egg yolk binder, which is then thinned
and released with water. Tempera has been used for
thousands of years. It dries fast to a long-lasting
matte finish. Tempera paintings are typically painted
in tiny layers, known as glazes, that are carefully built
up utilizing networks of cross-hatching over worked
hot-pressed cold-pressed lines. Tempera paintings
are renowned for their intricacy as a result of this
method.
Prof. Jonef Raul B. Reyes
Group 1: Painting
Cross hatching technique
Cross-Hatching
Duccio’s The Crevole Madonna (1280)
4. Acrylic paint - A replacement for oils in the
1950s, acrylic paint. The pigment is suspended in an
acrylic polymer emulsion binder and carried by water.
Acrylic polymer is a rubber-like material. Unlike oils,
acrylic paints don't need powerful solvents to mix, so
they have the same color resonance and durability.
Acrylics dry quickly, which is an important difference.
When dried, they become resistant to water or other
solvents. Acrylic paints also adhere to a variety of
surfaces and are long-lasting. Acrylic impastos do not
fracture or shatter.
5. Watercolor is the most sensitive of the
painting media. It reacts to the lightest touch of the
artist and can become an over worked mess in a
moment.
There are two kinds of watercolor media:
transparent and opaque.
Transparent watercolor works in opposition to
other painting mediums. Contrary to opaque
paints (including opaque watercolors), which
reflect light off their skin, acrylic paints (including
acrylic watercolors) use the whiteness of the
paper to reflect light through the applied color.
Watercolor is composed of pigment and gum
Arabic (binder), a water-soluble substance
derived from acacia sap.
Watercolor paper comes in two varieties:
 hot pressed (smoother)
 cold pressed (rougher)
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Art Appreciation
Wash is a transparent watercolor method where
color is placed with a brush and diluted with
water to flow over the page. Creating smooth
transitions between colors is possible with wet-in-
wet painting. A broken line of color and plenty of
visual texture emerge from dry brush painting.
Examples of watercolor painting techniques:
on the left, a wash. On the right, dry brush
effects. Image by Christopher Gildow
An example of a Transparent Watercolor
painting:
Paul Cezanne’s Boy in a Red Vest (1890)
Opaque watercolor (gouache) has bigger
particles, a greater pigment-to-water ratio, and an
inert white pigment (chalk) added.
6. Encaustic - The pigment is heated with the
beeswax binder. A support surface is then
painted with the mixture. Reheating enables
more paint manipulation. Encaustic, like tempera,
originates from the first century C.E. and was
widely employed in Egyptian mummy pictures
from Fayum. Encaustic painting has rich,
resonant colors and is very durable. The
beeswax binder in encaustic creates a rough skin
on the painting surface as it cools.
Below is an example of an overworked
metersenameled overencaustic painting by José
María Cano.
Prof. Jonef Raul B. Reyes
Group 1: Painting
José María Cano, detail of painting made in
encaustic, 2010
Artists also utilize the following painting mediums:
 Enamel
 Powder coat
 Epoxy
Elements of Painting
The elements of Painting are considered as the
building blocks of a painting. It includes color, tone,
line, shape, space, and texture.
1. Color - It establishes the mood for how
viewers will react to the piece. One of the
most important aspects of working with color,
especially for artists, is color theory. Each
new color you add to a canvas has a
significant impact on how onlookers see the
piece.
2. Tone - In terms of painting, tone and value
are interchangeable. It is how light or dark
the painting is in the viewer's eye. The tone
is best perceived in grayscale at its most
basic level: black is the darkest value and
white is the brightest. Both of these elements
are common in a well-rounded painting, with
highlights and shadows adding to the overall
look.
3. Line - A line is a small mark made by a
brush or a line drawn between two items or
pieces. It helps us infer things like movement
by defining the subject of artworks. Painters
should be aware of the various types of lines
that exist. An example of this is the Implied
lines aren't drawn but are implied by the
brushstrokes surrounding them.
4. Shapes - It is an enclosed space formed by
the intersection of lines. Shapes can also be
geometric or organic. We're all familiar with
triangles, squares, and circles in the first
category. The latter refers to shapes that
aren't well defined or those that can be found
in nature.
5. Space - It is crucial but has a great effect
element in a painting. It has two types, which
is Negative space, which is the region of a
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AAP 0007-29 Prof. Jonef Raul B. Reyes
Art Appreciation Group 1: Painting

painting around the subject, while positive

space is the subject itself. Artists might use a
balance of these two zones to further impact
how their work is interpreted by viewers.
6. Texture - Paintings are considered to be the
best medium to play with texture. This could
be a pattern in the painting or just the
brushstrokes themselves. Artists consider
this as a challenge since It is difficult to
replicate the gleaming surface of glass or Miguel Angel Nunez’ Photorealism Painting
metal or the rough texture of a rock. In things
like these, a painter might use the other
2. Painterly shows visible brushstrokes and
elements of art—in particular, line, color, and
tone—to further define the texture. texture left in the paint medium.
7. Composition - It is the arrangement of the
painting. Every small piece you add to the
canvas, from where you place the subject to
how the background pieces support it,
becomes part of the composition. The
elements of composition are unity, balance,
movement, rhythm, focus, contrast, pattern,
and proportion.
8. Direction - It is a broad term that can mean
a lot of different things. For example, you
could consider a painting's format to be part
of its direction. For some subjects, a vertical Vincent van Gogh’s The Starry Night
canvas is preferable to a horizontal one, and
vice versa. On the other hand, It can also 3. Expressionism is defined by the use of
relate to a person's point of view. bold, unrealistic colors chosen not to depict life as it
9. Size - It is a big consideration for the artists. is, but rather, as it feels or appears to the artist.
It is the scale of the painting itself as well as
the scale of proportions within the painting's
elements.
10. Time and Movement - Time is referred to as
the amount of time the viewer spends
looking at a painting. While movement is one
of the aspects of composition, its
significance in that grouping should not be
disregarded. This relates to how the viewer's
eye is directed within the picture.
Edvard Munch’s The Scream
Types of Painting
4. Abstract is considered as any artistic
1. Realism is a type of painting style that expression of reality that is illustrated but not in its
portrays the subject as it appears in 'real-life' truest form.
but stops short of appearing like a
photograph.

Jackson Pollock’s Full Fathom Five

Gustave Courbet’s Burial at Ordinans

Photorealism is an art style where

the artwork looks as realistic as a photo.

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Art Appreciation
5. Cubism - This is another expression of
abstract art and geometrical shapes form a very
important part of this style.
Pablo Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
6. Surrealism art form sought to release the
creative potential of the mind, by irrational
juxtaposition of images.
Salvador Dali’s The Persistence of Memory
7. Modernism is a radical way of thinking by
the artists of modern-day and age, with no boundaries
set by the traditional method holding their creative
expression back.
Édouard Manet’s The Luncheon on the Grass
8. Impressionism- Some of the features
include the use of common and ordinary objects, thin
brush strokes, unusual angles.
Claude Monet’s 1872 Impression, Sunrise
Prof. Jonef Raul B. Reyes
Group 1: Painting
9. Pop Art focuses on bold colors and realistic
imagery.
Crying Girl (1963), Roy Lichtenstein
Forms of Painting
1. Mural painting - Mural painting has its roots
in the primeval instincts of people to
decorate their surroundings and to use wall
surfaces as a form for expressing ideas,
emotions, and beliefs.
2. Easel and panel painting - The easel, or
studio, the picture was a form developed
during the Renaissance with the
establishment of the painter as an individual
artist. Easel and panel forms include still life,
portraiture, landscape, and genre subjects
and permit the representation of ephemeral
effects of light and atmosphere that the more
intimate forms of Asian art had already
allowed the painters of scrolls, screens, and
fans to express.
3. Miniature painting - Miniature painting is a
term applied both to Western portrait
miniatures and to the Indian and Islamic
forms of manuscript painting discussed
below. Portrait miniatures, or limnings, were
originally painted in watercolor with body
color on vellum and card. They were often
worn in jeweled, enamelled lockets
4. Manuscript illumination and related forms
- Among the earliest surviving forms of
manuscript painting are the papyrus rolls of
the ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead, the
scrolls of Classical Greece and Rome, Aztec
pictorial maps, and Mayan and Chinese
codices, or manuscript books. European
illuminated manuscripts were painted in egg-
white tempera on vellum and card. Their
subjects included religious, historical,
mythological, and allegorical narratives,
medical treatises, psalters, and calendars
depicting seasonal occupations.
5. Scroll painting - Hand scrolls, traditional to
China and Japan, are ink paintings on
continuous lengths of paper or silk. They are
unrolled at arm’s length and viewed from
right to left. These generally represent
panoramic views of rivers, mountain and
urban landscapes, and domestic interiors.
They also illustrate romantic novels, Daoist
and Buddhist themes, and historical and
genre subjects.
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AAP 0007-29 Prof. Jonef Raul B. Reyes
Art Appreciation Group 1: Painting

6. Screen and fan painting - Folding screens

and screen doors originated in China and
Japan, probably during the 12th century (or
possibly earlier), and screen painting
continued as a traditional form into the 21st.
They are in ink or gouache on plain or gilded
paper and silk. Their vivid rendering of
The Last Supper
animals, birds, and flowers and their
atmospheric landscapes brought nature
indoors.
7. Panoramas - Panoramas were intended to
simulate the sensation of scanning an 2. Van Gogh
extensive urban or country view or (Self Portrait)
seascape. This form of painting was popular
at the end of the 18th century. Vincent Willem van
8. Modern forms - The concept of painting as Gogh was a Dutch Post-
a medium for creating illusions of space, Impressionist painter
volume, texture, light, and movement who became one of the
enameledover flat, stationary support was most famous and
challenged by many modern artists. Some influential artists in
late 20th-century forms, for example, blurred Western art history after
the conventional distinctions between the his death on July 29,
mediums of sculpture and painting. 1890. He made over
2,100 artworks over the course of a decade, including
around 860 oil paintings, the majority of which came
5 Known Artists (World View) from the last two years of his life. Landscapes, still
lifes, portraits, and self-portraits are among the works
that contributed to the foundations of modern art.
They are distinguished by bold colors and dramatic,
1. Leonardo de impulsive, and expressive brushwork. He struggled
Vinci with acute melancholy and poverty as a result of his
lack of economic success, which eventually led to his
Leonardo da Vinci (15 suicide at the age of 37.
April 1452 – 2 May
1519) was an Italian Famous Paintings of Vincent Willem van Gogh
polymath who worked
as a painter,
draughtsman,
engineer, scientist,
theorist, sculptor, and architect during the High
Renaissance. While he rose to prominence as a
painter, he was also recognized for his notebooks,
which contained sketches and notes on a wide range
of disciplines, including anatomy, astronomy, botany,
cartography, painting, and paleontology. Leonardo's
talent embodied the Renaissance humanist ideal, and The Starry Night
his combined works represent a legacy to future
generations of artists rivaled only by Michelangelo's
younger contemporary.

Famous Work of Leonardo de Vinci

The Siesta

(La méridienne dit aussi La sieste)

Mona Lisa or La Gocionda

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AAP 0007-29 Prof. Jonef Raul B. Reyes
Art Appreciation Group 1: Painting

3. Pablo Picasso range was so great that he and his adversary and
elder contemporary, Leonardo da Vinci, are
Pablo Ruiz Picasso sometimes regarded contenders for the title of
(October 25, 1881 – April prototypical Renaissance man. Michelangelo has
8, 1973) was a Spanish been referred to as the finest artist of his day, and
painter, sculptor, even the greatest artist of all time, by many scholars.
printmaker, ceramicist,
and theater designer who Famous Painting of Michaelangelo
lived in France for most of
his adult life. He is
regarded as one of the
most influential artists of
the twentieth century,
having co-founded the
Cubist movement, invented built sculpture, co-
invented collage, and contributed to the development
and exploration of a wide range of styles. The proto-
Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and
Guernica (1937), a dramatic depiction of the bombing
of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during The Last Judgment (Italian: Il Giudizio Universale)
the Spanish Civil War, are among his most famous
works.

Famous Painting of Pablo Ruiz Picasso

The Creation of Adam (Italian: Creazione di Adamo)

5. Jacques-Louis
David (Self Portrait)

Jacques-Louis David (30

Family of Saltimbanques
Massacre in Korea
August 1748 – 29 December
1825) was a French
Neoclassical painter who was
widely regarded as the era's
greatest artist. His cerebral
type of history painting in the
1780s signaled a shift in taste
away from Rococo frivolity and toward classical
austerity, severity, and heightened sentiment,
harmonizing with the moral environment of the Ancien
Régime's closing years.

Famous Painting of Jacques-Louis David

4. Michaelangelo

Michelangelo di Lodovico
Buonarroti Simoni (6 March
1475 – 18 February 1564),
also known as
Michaelangelo, was an
Italian High Renaissance
sculptor, painter, architect,
and poet who was born in The Death of Marat (French: La Mort de Marat or
the Republic of Florence and had an unrivaled Marat Assassiné)
influence on the history of Western art. His artistic

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AAP 0007-29
Art Appreciation
2.
7, 1899)
 Juan Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta,
Napoleon Crossing the Alps
5 Local Artists (in PH)
1. Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972)
 To look at an Amorsolo is to look at the soul
of idealistic Filipino sentiment. The painter's
authoritative brushstrokes depict relaxed
scenes of days at the market, afternoons
spent idling under an overarching tree, and,
of course, fiestas; all of which have become
Amorsolo's trademark.
Despite being born in Manila, Amorsolo
spent his formative years in Daet, Camarines
Norte. His sense of community as a result of
growing up in such a setting has had an
impact; his deliberate decision to paint a
world of rural simplicity and charm contrasts
sharply with the political turmoil of the late
1800s and early 1900s (of which was his
world). Subjects in the foreground of some of
his paintings, such as "Ligawan," "Afternoon
Meal of Rice Workers," and "Palay Maiden,"
are shown smiling or talking, while scenes
depicting work are sent to the background.
Prof. Jonef Raul B. Reyes
Group 1: Painting
Juan Luna (October 24, 1857 – December
better known as Juan Luna, was one of the
first internationally recognized Filipino artists.
He was a well-known political activist during
the late-nineteenth-century Philippine
Revolution, as well as an artist. Luna was
regarded as one of the Philippines' first well-
known painters and artists. His work was
centered on European academics of the
time, so he depicted many historical and
literary scenes. Along with this, there was an
undercurrent of political and social
commentary in his works, which was
accentuated by a slight touch of
Romanticism. Luna's work also featured
theatrical scenes and dramatic poses. His
paintings are generally bold, conspicuous,
and vigorous.
The National Museum's "Spoliarium" towers
over the rest of the building. Juan Luna's
imposing depiction of a lost battle is both
somber and striking, standing nearly eight
metres tall. The painting depicts a scene at
the Roman spoliarium, the Colosseum's
basement where dead gladiators are brought
and stripped of their worldly possessions.
Espana y Filipinas
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AAP 0007-29 Prof. Jonef Raul B. Reyes
Art Appreciation Group 1: Painting

3. Jose Joya (June 3, 1931 – May 11, 1995)

 Jose Joya is a painter and multimedia artist
who made a name for himself by developing
a uniquely Filipino abstract idiom that
transcended foreign influences. The majority
of Joya's colorful paintings were inspired by
Philippine landscapes such as green rice
paddies and golden harvest fields. His use of
rice paper in collages emphasized
transparency, a common feature of folk art.
His paintings' curvilinear forms frequently
recall the colorful and multilayered 'kiping' of
the Pahiyas festival. His significant mandala
series was also inspired by Asian aesthetic
forms and concepts
Alkaff bridge L.A Liberty
5. Benedicto Cabrera (April 10, 1942 -
Present)
 Cabrera is a prominent figure in the local
contemporary art scene and the best-selling
commercial painter of his generation. He
received his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in
1963 after studying under José Joya at the
University of the Philippines. His illustrious
career has spanned five decades, and his
paintings, etchings, sketches, and prints
have been shown in Asia, Europe, and the
United States. He now lives in the chilly
northern hill station of Baguio, where he has
established his own four-level BenCab
Museum on Asin Road, which houses an
eclectic collection of indigenous artifacts,
personal works, and an overwhelming
collection of paintings by contemporary
Filipino artists.

Granadean Arabesque Space

Transfiguration

4. Pacita Abad
 The internationally acclaimed artist, who was
born on the northern island of Batanes, first
earned a degree in Political Science from the
University of the Philippines. Her staunch
opposition to the Marcos regime in the 1970s
led her to move to San Francisco to study Sabel in Blue Yellow Confetti
law – but she discovered her true calling in
art. Her paintings are brightly colored with a
constant change of patterns and materials.
Earlier work included depictions of people in
sociopolitical contexts, indigenous masks,
tropical flowers, and underwater scenes.
Pacita invented the 'trapunto' technique, in
which she stitches and stuffs her vibrant
canvases with a variety of materials such as
cloth, metal, beads, buttons, shells, glass, References:
and ceramics to give her work a three-
dimensional appearance.
https://www.britannica.com/art/painting/Forms-of-
painting

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AAP 0007-29 Prof. Jonef Raul B. Reyes
Art Appreciation Group 1: Painting

https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/the-
10-most-famous-filipino-artists-and-their-masterworks/

https://www.tatlerasia.com/culture/arts/exploring-the-
trademarks-of-some-of-the-philippines-most-
significant-artists

https://blog.paintru.com/blog/types-of-painting-styles-
mediums

http://www.kokuyocamlin.com/blog/world-art-day-
understanding-different-painting-styles-part-1.html

https://www.theartstory.org/artist/courbet-
gustave/artworks/#pnt_1

https://www.creativebloq.com/illustration/examples-
photorealism-10135012

https://mymodernmet.com/starry-night-van-gogh/

https://www.artst.org/famous-abstract-paintings/

https://www.theartist.me/art-inspiration/20-most-
famous-cubism-paintings/

https://www.moma.org/collection/works/79018

https://www.artnews.com/art-news/artists/why-is-
edouard-manet-important-1202685425/

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