At rest

F1 F2
If forces are equal in magnitude, the
body will continue to remain at rest.
R=0

At rest
F1=30N F2=50N

R=20N to the right

Body at rest may possibly move
R also called the net when/if two forces are not equal
external force.
in magnitude
 In motion
F1 F2 The body will continue to move with
constant velocity or uniform
motion.
F1=F2
R=0
Once the body is acted upon by
In motion unequal force, the body will
speed up or move faster but if it
F1=30N F2=50N
is acted by another force (net
external force – analogous to
R=20N to the right resultant), the body will
decelerate.)
Fnet – sometimes known as
unbalance force – means, 2
forces are no longer equal.
 1. Law of Inertia
“A body at rest will remain at rest and a body
in motion will continue to move with constant
speed or velocity along a straight line unless
acted upon by a net external force.”

Inertia – the property of the body to remain at rest

and to continue moving with constant velocity when
in motion.
Mass of the body – a measure of its inertia; the
greater the mass the greater the inertia or the
resistance to change in motion.
F1 a1 F2 a2
m1 m2

If m1 = m2, F2 > F1, then a2 > a1 𝒂 ∝𝑭

F1 a1 F2 a2
m1 m2

𝟏
If F2 = F1, m2 > m1, then a2 < a1 𝒂 ∝
𝒎

𝒂 ∝
𝑭 F = 𝒎𝒂
𝒎
 2. Law of Acceleration
“If a net force or unbalance force acts on
the body, the body will accelerate; the
magnitude of the acceleration is directly
proportional to the net force and
inversely proportional to the mass of the
body. The direction of the acceleration is
the same as the direction of the net
force.”
3. Law of Action and Reaction

“When an object exerts a force on

another object, the second object
exerts on the first a force of the same
magnitude but of opposite direction.”

“For every action there is an equal but

opposite reaction.”
 Sample problem
1. A force of 15 N acts on a body whose mass is
90kg. Find the acceleration of the body.
Given: F=15N; m=90kg
Solution:
F=ma
𝐹 15𝑁 15𝑘𝑔∙𝑚 𝑠2
𝑎= = = = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎 𝒔𝟐
𝑚 90𝑘𝑔 90𝑘𝑔

Note: N=kg•m/s2
2. A body starting from rest acquires a velocity of
18 cm/s in 3 seconds. If the body has a mass of
15 grams, what force is exerted on the body.
Given: 𝒗𝒊 = 𝟎; 𝒗𝒇 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒄𝒎/𝐬; t = 3 sec; m = 15 g

Solution:
𝒗𝒇 = 𝒂𝒕 𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂
𝟏𝟖𝒄𝒎/𝒔 = 𝒂(𝟑𝒔) 𝑭 = 𝟏𝟓𝒈(𝟔 𝒄𝒎 𝒔𝟐 )
𝟏𝟖𝒄𝒎/𝒔
𝒂= 𝑭 = 𝟗𝟎 𝒅𝒚𝒏𝒆𝒔
𝟑𝒔

𝒂 = 𝟔 𝒄𝒎/𝒔𝟐
3. If a net force of 60 N is applied horizontally on
a 40 kg object, what is the velocity of the
object after 6 sec? What distance does it
travel after 6 sec?
3. Given: Fnet = 60 N; m = 40 kg; t = 6 sec; vi=0

𝑭 𝒗𝒇 = 𝒂𝒕
𝒂=
𝒎 𝒗𝟔 = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒎 𝒔𝟐 (𝟔𝒔)
𝟔𝟎𝑵 𝒗𝟔 = 𝟗 𝒎 𝒔
𝒂=
𝟒𝟎𝒌𝒈
𝒂𝒕𝟐
𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝒈 − 𝒎 𝒔𝟐 𝑺=
𝟐
𝒂=
𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝒈 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒎 𝒔𝟐 (𝟔𝒔)𝟐
𝑺=
𝟐
𝒂 = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒎 𝒔𝟐
𝟏. 𝟓 𝒎 𝒔𝟐 (𝟑𝟔𝒔𝟐 )
𝑺=
𝟐
𝑺 = 𝟐𝟕𝒎
4. From the diagram below, find the tension in
the string and the acceleration of the two
objects when released.

T1
m1=7kg
a1

T2
a2

m2=4kg

W2=m2g
 For m1: For m2:
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝑻𝟏 𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝑾𝟐 − 𝑻𝟐
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝟏 𝒂 𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝟐 𝒂

𝑻𝟏 = 𝒎𝟏 𝒂 𝒎𝟐 𝒂 = 𝑾𝟐 − 𝑻𝟐

𝑻𝟏 = 𝟕𝒌𝒈(𝒂) 𝟒𝒌𝒈(𝒂) = 𝟒𝒌𝒈(𝟗. 𝟖 𝒎 𝒔𝟐 ) − 𝑻𝟐

𝟒𝒌𝒈 𝒂 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝑵 − 𝑻𝟐
𝒂𝟏 = 𝒂𝟐
𝑻𝟐 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝑵 − 𝟒𝒌𝒈 𝒂
𝑻𝟏 = 𝑻𝟐
𝟕𝒌𝒈 𝒂 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝑵 − 𝟒𝒌𝒈(𝒂)
𝟕𝒌𝒈 𝒂 + 𝟒𝒌𝒈(𝒂) = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝑵
𝒂 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟔 𝒎 𝒔𝟐
𝟏𝟏𝒌𝒈(𝒂) = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝑵
𝟑𝟗. 𝟐kg− 𝒎 𝒔𝟐 𝑻𝟏 = 𝟕𝒌𝒈(𝟑. 𝟓𝟔 𝒎 𝒔𝟐 )
𝒂=
𝟏𝟏𝒌𝒈 𝑻𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟗𝟐𝑵 = 𝑻𝟐
5. Using the diagram, find the tension in
each string and the acceleration of each
mass when released.

𝒂𝟏 𝑻𝟐
𝑻𝟏
𝒂𝟐
m1=4kg

𝑾𝟏 m2=6kg

𝑾𝟐
 For m1:
𝑻𝟏 − 𝑾𝟏 = 𝒎𝟏 𝒂
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝑻𝟏 − 𝑾𝟏
𝑻𝟏 = 𝑾𝟏 + 𝒎𝟏 𝒂
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝟏 𝒂 𝑻𝟏 = 𝟒𝒌𝒈(𝟗. 𝟖 𝒎 𝒔𝟐 ) + 𝟒𝒌𝒈(𝒂)
𝑻𝟏 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝑵 + 𝟒𝒌𝒈(a)
For m2:
𝒂𝟏 = 𝒂𝟐 𝑻𝟏 = 𝑻𝟐
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝑾𝟐 − 𝑻𝟐
𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝑵 + 𝟒𝒌g(a)=𝟓𝟖. 𝟖𝑵 − 𝟔𝒌𝒈(𝒂)
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝟐 𝒂
𝟒𝒌𝒈(a)+6kg(a)=𝟓𝟖. 𝟖𝑵 − 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝑵
𝒎𝟐 𝒂 = 𝑾𝟐 − 𝑻𝟐 10kg(a)=19.6kg− 𝒎 𝒔𝟐
𝑻𝟐 = 𝑾𝟐 − 𝒎𝟐 𝒂
a=1.96 𝒎 𝒔𝟐
𝑻𝟐 = 𝟔𝒌𝒈(𝟗. 𝟖 𝒎 𝒔𝟐 ) − 𝟔𝒌𝒈( 𝒂)
𝑻𝟐 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟖𝑵 − 𝟔𝒌𝒈(𝒂)
𝑻𝟏 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝑵 + 𝟒𝒌𝒈(𝟏. 𝟗𝟔 𝒎 𝒔𝟐 )
𝑻𝟏 = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟎𝟒𝑵 = 𝑻𝟐
6. An elevator which weighs 3000 N is
supported by a steel cable.
A. Find the tension in the cable at
rest?
B. Find the tension in the cable
when the elevator accelerates (a)
upward at the rate of 2 𝑚 𝑠 2 and
(b) downward at the same rate.
a) At rest
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝑻 − 𝑾

𝑻=𝑾 T 𝒂=𝟎

𝑻 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵

W=3000N
b-a) Accelerates upward
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝑻 − 𝑾
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝒂

𝑻 − 𝑾 = 𝒎𝒂 T
𝒂 = 𝟐 𝒎 𝒔𝟐
𝑻 = 𝑾 + 𝒎𝒂
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵 𝟐)
𝑻 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵 + (𝟐 𝒎 𝒔
𝟗. 𝟖 𝒎 𝒔𝟐
𝑻 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵 + 𝟑𝟎𝟔. 𝟏𝟐𝒌𝒈 (𝟐 𝒎 𝒔𝟐 ) W=3000N
𝑻 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵 + 𝟔𝟏𝟐. 𝟐𝟒𝑵
𝑻 = 𝟑𝟔𝟏𝟐. 𝟐𝟒𝑵
b-b) Accelerates downward
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝑾 − 𝑻
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝒂

𝑾 − 𝑻 = 𝒎𝒂 T
𝒂 = 𝟐 𝒎 𝒔𝟐
𝑻 = 𝑾 − 𝒎𝒂
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵 𝟐)
𝑻 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵 − (𝟐 𝒎 𝒔
𝟗. 𝟖 𝒎 𝒔𝟐
𝑻 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵 − 𝟑𝟎𝟔. 𝟏𝟐𝒌𝒈 (𝟐 𝒎 𝒔𝟐 ) W=3000N
𝑻 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵 − 𝟔𝟏𝟐. 𝟐𝟒𝑵
𝑻 = 𝟐𝟑𝟖𝟕. 𝟕𝟔𝑵