GENERAL EDUCATION

(LITERATURE)
Father of English Essay- FRANCIS
BACON
Father of Printing- JOHANNES
GUTTENBERG
Greatest English Writer- W.
Shakespeare
Greatest Sonner Writer- W.
Shakespeare
Bard of Avon- W. Shakespeare
MERCHANT OF VENICE- W.
SHAKESPEARE
ROMEO AND JULIET- W.
SHAKESPEARE
HAMLET- W. SHAKESPEARE- to be
or not to be
MACBETH- W. SHAKESPEARE-
power
Father of English Literature-
GEOFFREY CHAUCER
Morning Star of English Literature-
GEOFFREY CHAUCER
Father of Horro Stories- EDGAR
ALLAN POE
Father of Detective Stories- EDGAR
ALLAN POE
CASK OF AMONTILLADO- EDGAR
ALLAN POE
THE RAVEN- EDGAR ALLAN POE
ANABEL LEE- EDGAR ALLAN
POE
French Novelist and Playwright-
BALZAC
Foremost French Short Story Writer-
GUY DE MAUPASSANT
Mythical Geographer- HOMER
ILIAD AND ODYSSEY- HOMER
Greatest Orator- CISERO
Indian National Poet-
RABINDRANATH TAGORE
Indian Shakespeare- KALIDASA
Filipino American Theme-
BIENVENIDO SANTOS
Filipino Hispanic Theme- NICK
JAOQUIN (QUIJANO DE MANILA)
Proletarium Literature- SALVADOR
LOPEZ
Filipino Sonnet Writer- OPHELIA
DIMALANTA
ANALECTS- CONFUCIUS
CANTERBURRY TALES-
GEOFFREY CHAUCER
ANTIGONE- SOPHOCLES
RAMAYANA- VALMIKI
PARADISE LOST- JOHN MILTON
THE LITTLE PRINCE- ANTOINE
DE SAINT EXUPERY
UNCLE TOM'S CABIN- HARRINET
BEECHER STOWE
GETTYSBURG ADDRESS-
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
SCARLET LETTER- NATHANIEL
HAWTHORNE
GITANJALI- RABINDRANATH
TAGORE
ROAD NOT TAKEN- ROBERT
FROST
HARRY POTTER- JOAN
KATHLEEN (J.K.) ROWLING
DON QUIXOTE- MIGUEL DE
CERVANTES
OEDIPUS REX- SOPHOCLES
PRIDE AND PREJUDICE- JANE
AUSTEN
A CHRISTMAS CAROL- CHARLES
DICKENS
CHRONICLES OF NARNIA-
CAROL LEWIS
GOD SEES THE TRUTH BUT
WAITS- LEO TOLSTOY
ANNA KARENINA- LEO TOLSTOY
RUBARAYAT- OMAR KHAYYAM
AENEID- VIRGIL
THE REPUBLIC- PLATO
DIVINE COMEDY- DANTE
KORAN/ QUR'AN- MOHAMMAD
THE ADVENTURE OF TOM
SAWYER- MARK TWAIN
THE ADVENTURE OF HUCKLE
BERRY FIN- MARK TWAIN

Egyptian Writing-
HEIROGLYPHICS
Chinese Writing- CALLIGRAPHY
First Epic- GILGAMESH
Greatest Lyric Poem- PSALMS OF
KING DAVID
Collection of Stories- 1001 ARABIAN
NIGHTS
Longest Epic of India-
MAHABHARATA
Medieval German Epic-
NIBELUNGENLIED
Most Important Work of Old English
Literature- BEOWULF
Collection of Indian Sacred HYMNS-
RIGVEDA
Collection of Indian Sacred TEXTS-
UPANISHAD
Song Offerings- GITANJALI
Collection of Animal Stories-
AESOP'S FABLE
Oldest Collection of Indian Fables-
PANCHATANTRA
Pen Names
SAMUEL CLEMENS- MARK
TWAIN
MARY ANN EVANS- GEORGE
ELLIOT
ROBERT GALBRAITH- J.K
ROWLING.

⭐Jose Palma - Wrote Filipinas

(Ana-haw, Esteban Estebanes, Gan
Hantik)
⭐Lope K. Santos - Ama ng Balarila
(Anak-bayan, Dr. Lukas)
⭐Jose Corazon de Jesus - Wrote
Manok Kong Bulik, Isang
Punongkahoy (Huseng Batute)
⭐Amado V. Hernandez - Wrote Isang
Dipang Langit, Bayani, Bayang Malay
⭐Severino Reyes - Ama ng Dulang
Pilipino, wrote Walang Sugat
(Lola Basyang)
⭐Nick Joaquin - Wrote The Woman
who had Two Navels, Portrait of the
Artist as Filipino, Summer Solstice,
(Quijano de Manila)
⭐Jose Garcia Villa - Wrote many
Voices (Doveglion)
⭐NVM Gonzales - Wrote The Bamboo
Dancers, real name “Nestor Vicente
Madali Gonzales”
⭐ Marcelo H. Del Pilar – (Plaridel,
Dolores Manapat, Piping Dilat, Siling
Labuyo, Kupang, Haitalaga, Patos,
Carmelo, DA Murgos, LO Crame, DM
Calero, Hilario, M Dati)
⭐Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y
Alonso Realonda – (Jose Rizal, Dimas-
alang, Laong-Laan, Agno, Calambeño)
⭐Emilio Jacinto -(Dimas-ilaw)
Katipunan name: “Pingkian”
⭐Gen. Antonio Luna - (Taga-ilog)
⭐Apolinario Mabini - (Bini, Paralitico)
⭐Andres Bonifacio - (Agapito
Bagumbayan)
Katipunan name: “Maypagasa”
⭐Felipe Calderon – (Simoun, Elias)
⭐Emilio Aguinaldo – (Magdalo)
⭐Francisco de la Cruz Balagtas –
(Francisco Baltazar)
⭐Jose dela Cruz - (Huseng Sisiw)
⭐Epifanio delos Santos – (G Solon)
⭐Mariano Ponce -
(Naning, Tikbalang, Kalipulako)
⭐Luis Taruc – (Alipato)
⭐Apo Whang-od(traditional tattoo
artist)- At 97-years-old, She is the
oldest Kalinga mambabatok in Phil.
⭐Doctrina Christiana - First book
printed in the Phil. 1593, Manila
⭐Tomas Pinpin - Printed the first news
publication made in the Phil.
Successos Felices
⭐La Esperanza - First daily news in
the Phil, 1846
⭐Antonio Ramos - First movie
producer in the Philippines, Panorama
de Manila
⭐Cenaculo - Re-enacts the passion of
Christ, an on-stage performance
⭐Moro-Moro - Expresses the conflict
between Christians and Muslims,
Prinsipe Rodante
⭐Zarzuela - A theater performance, a
local version of Spanish operetta,
Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that
alternates between spoken and sung
scenes
⭐Carillo - A drama play shown after
the harvest season performed on a
moonless night during a town fiesta
⭐Tibag - Dramatic performance for
the purpose of manifesting devotion
for the holy cross
⭐Panunuluyan - Phil. Christmas
dramatic ritual narrating the holy
family's search for a place to stay in
Bethlehem through songs
⭐Salubong - Dramatizes reunion of the
risen Christ and his mother
⭐Sainete - Short musical comedy
performed by characters from the
lower class
⭐Karagatan - Poetic vehicle of a socio-
linguistic nature celebrated during the
death of a person
⭐Duplo - Replaced the Karagatan, a
poetic battle in speaking and reasoning
⭐Balagtasan - A poetic battle or a
contest of skills in debate on a
particular topic or issue
⭐Dung-aw - A chant in free verse by a
bereaved person or his representative
beside the corpse of the dead
⭐Awit - A dode syllabic verse;
fabricated stories from writers’
imagination although the setting and
characters are European; refers to
chanting, (Ex. Florante at Laura by
Francisco Balagtas)
⭐Corrido - An octosyllabic verse; are
usually on legends or stories from
European countries like France,
Spain, Italy, and Greece. Refers to
narration. (Ex. Ang Ibong Adarna by
Jose de la Cruz)
⭐Urbana at Felisa (Modesto Castro) -
1938 novel by, epistolary novel of two
sisters about good manners
⭐Felix Hidalgo - Won silver medal in
1884 Madrid exposition where Juan
Luna's Spoliarium won gold
⭐Bulols - Ifugao Rice Gods
⭐Okkil or Ikir - Carvings, geometric
and flowing designs and folk motifs
that can be usually found in Maranao
and Muslim-influenced artwork
⭐Torogan - Maranao house, with
panolong (extended beam) carved with
the Sarimanok or the Naga design
⭐Napoleon Abueva - Father of modern
Phil sculpture, works: (Kaganapan,
Kiss of Judas)
⭐Juan Luna - Painted (Spoliarium,
Parisian Life)
⭐Fernando Amorsolo - Paints mural
landscape, good lighting technique,
works: (Tinikling (1950) and The
Palay Maiden)
⭐Vicente Manansala – (Cubism,
Mother and Child)
⭐BenCab Benedicto Cabrera – (Artist-
activist, Ode to the Flag)
⭐Botong Francisco - Murals, A Nation
Imagined (bayanihan scene)
⭐Maliputo (Giant trevalley) Caranx
ignobilis - The fish in the P50 bill
⭐Valeriano H. Peña - Ama ng
maikling kuwento
⭐Lupang Tinubuan - Winner of first
short story writing contest during the
Japanese era
⭐Jose Corazon de Jesus - Wrote (Ang
Bayan Ko, unang hari ng Balagtasan)
⭐Amado Hernandez - Makata ng mga
Manggagawa
⭐Kuwento ni Mabuti - First Palanca
awardee
⭐Sipnayan - Mathematics
⭐Agimatan - Economics
⭐Agsikapan - Engineering
⭐Hapnayan - Biology
⭐Kapnayan - Chemistry
⭐Sugnayan - Physics
⭐Cayetano Arellano - First chief
justice of the Phil. supreme Court
⭐Dr. Fred Atkinson - The Department
of Public Instruction was established
in January 1901 upon the
recommendation of the Taft
Commission,with this American as the
first General Superintendent.
 In 1916, the post was renamed as
the Secretary of Public Instruction.
⭐Leonor Magtolis Briones -
Incumbent DepEd secretary
⭐Pang-ukol - Salitang nag-uugnay sa
pangngalan o panghalip sa iba pang
salita sa pangungusap hal. Sa, para sa,
(prepositions)
⭐Pangatnig - Nag uugnay sa dalawang
salita, parirala o sugnay (conjunction),
hal. At saka, pati, gayon
⭐Pandamdam - Interjection hal. ay!
⭐Pangngalang Pantangi - Proper noun
⭐Pangngalang Pambalana - Common
noun hal. Doktor, cell phone
Pangangalang Tahas - Concrete noun
hal. Aklat, bahay
⭐Pangngalang Basal - Abstract noun,
hal. Pagod, pag-ibig
⭐Panghalip na pamatlig - Ginagamit
na panghalili sa pagtuturo ng
pangngalan. Hal. Pook (ito)
⭐Panghalip na panaklaw -
Sumasaklaw sa kaisahan, dami, o
kalahatan ng tinutukoy. Hal.
Kailanman, sinuman, saanman, lahat
⭐Panghalip na pananong - Panghalili
sa mga tao o mga bagay na ginagamit
sa pagtatanong. Hal. Alin-alin, anu-
ano, kani-kanino
⭐Sugnay - Katipunan ng mga salitang
may simuno at panag-uri na maaring
may buo o di buong diwa (clause)
⭐Parirala - Lipon ng mga salitang
walang simuno at panag-uri (phrase)
⭐Pangungusap - Pangkat ng mga
salita na may buong diw (sentence)
🌍Tayutay - Figures of speech
⭐Pagtutulad - Isang payak at tuwirang
paghahambing ng dalwang
magkaibang bagay na ginagamitan ng
mga salita o pariralang para ng, tulad
ng, animo'y, kapara, gaya, anaki'y,
etc. (simile)
⭐Pagwawangis - Tuwirang
paghahambing sa dalawang
magkaibang bagay (metaphor)
⭐Pagbibigay kata-uhan -
Personification
⭐Pagpapalit-tawag - Ang
pagpapahayag ay nagpapalit ng
katawagan o ngalan ng bagay na
tinutukoy (metonymy)
⭐Pagmamalabis - Ang paglalarawan
sa tunay na kalagayan ng isang tao,
bagay, o pangyayari ay lubhang
pinalalabis o pinakukulang
(hyperbole)
⭐Pagpapalit-saklaw - Pagbabanggit ng
isang bahagi ng isang bagay para sa
kabuuan o kaya'y isang tao para
kumakatawan sa isang pangkay
(synecdoche)
⭐Pagtawag/apostrophe - Isang
panawagan o pakiusap sa isang bagay
na tila ito ay isang tao
Ironiya - Pagpapahayag o pag-uyam
na ang kahulugan ay kabaliktaran ng
nais na ipahayag
⭐Paghahalintulad - Tambalang
pagtutuladng dalawang ideya sa isang
aspeto
⭐Paghihimig - Pagpapahayag ay
gumagamit ng tunig o himig ng mga
salita upang ipahiwatig ang kahilugan
(onomatopoeia)
⭐Pag-uulit - Ang pagpapahayag ay
gumagamit ng magkakatulad na titik o
pantig sa simula ng dalawa o mahigit
na salitang ginagamit sa isang taludtod
o pangungusap
⭐Pagdaramdam - Ang pagpapahayag
ay nagsasaad ng di pangkaraniwang
damdamin
⭐Pagtatambis - Pinagsama o pinag-
uugnay ang dalawang bagay na
magkasalungat (oxymoron)
☢️PANITIKAN - Tawag sa lahat ng
pahayag, nakasulat man o binibigkas
(kathang-isip o hindi kathang-isip)
🌍TULUYAN - Anyo ng panitikang
malayang pagsama-sama ng mga
salita sa pangungusap
⭐Alamat - Nagkukuwento sa
pinagmulan ng mga bagay-bagay sa
mundo
⭐Anekdota - Tumatalakay sa kakaiba
o kakatawang pangyayaring naganap
sa buhay ng isang tao
⭐Nobela - Isang mahabang kuwentong
piksyon na binubuo ng ibat ibang
kabanata
⭐Pabula - Ang mga gumaganap na
tauhan ay mga hayop
⭐Parabula - Maikling kuwentong may
aral na karaniwang hinahango sa
bibliya
⭐Maikling kwento - maigsing salaysay
hinggil sa isang mahalagang
pangyayaring kinasasangkutan ng isa
o ilang tauhan at may iisang
kakintalan o impresyon lamang
⭐Dula - Itinatanghal sa mga teatro;
nahahati ito sa ilang yugto na
maraming tagpo
⭐Talambuhay - Nagsasaad ng
kasaysayan ng buhay ng isang tao
hango sa mga tunay na tala,
pangyayari, o impormasyon
⭐Talumpati - Opinyon ng isang tao na
pinababatid sa pamamagitan ng
pagsalita sa entablado
⭐Kwentong bayan - mga salaysay
hinggil sa mga likhang-isip na mga
tauhan at kumakatawan sa mga uri ng
mamamayan
🌍PATULA - Anyo ng panitikang
nabubuo sa pamamagitan ng
pagsama-samang maanyong salita sa
mga taludtod na may sukat o bilang ng
mga pantig at pagtutugma ng mga
salita sa hulihan ng mga taludtod sa
bawat saknong
⭐Epiko - Tumatalakay sa mga
kabayanihan at pakikipagtunggali ng
isang tao o mga tao laban sa mga
kaaway na halos hindi mapaniwalaan
dahil may mga
tagpuangakababalaghan at di kapani-
paniwala
⭐Sawikain - Maaring tumukoy sa
idyoma, moto o salawikain
⭐Bugtong - Isang pangungusap o
tanong na may dobke o nakatagong
kahulugan na nilulutas bilang isang
palaisipan
⭐Tanaga - Maikling katutubong
Pilipinong tula na naglalaman ng
pang-aral at payak na pilosopiyang
ginagamit ng matatanda sa
pagpapagunita sa mga kabataan
⭐Jose Rizal - wrote (St. Eustache,
Martyr)
⭐Felipe de Jesus - Pinagkalooban ng
karangalan bilang Unang Tunay na
Makata noong 1708
⭐Ma-I - Old Name of the Philippines
according to the Chinese (rizal
confirmed this)
⭐Las islas de San Lázaro (St. Lazarus'
Islands) - Old Phil. Name by
Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 when he
reached the islands of Homonhon in
Samar (now Eastern Samar) on the
feast day of Saint Lazarus of Bethany.
⭐Las islas de Poniente (Islands to the
West)- Another name of the Phil. from
Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 when he
learned that the Las islas de San
Lázaro also included Cebu and Leyte
islands
⭐Pearl of the Orient/Pearl of the
Orient Seas - Old name, the sobriquet
of the Philippines.
 The term originated from the idea
of Spanish Jesuit missionary Fr. Juan
J. Delgado in 1751
 Dr. José (Mi último adios)- In his
last poem Rizal referred the country
with this name.
⭐Ophir - Biblical name of the
Philippines
Proposed names of the Philippines –
(Maniolas, Barrousai, Maharlika,
Luzviminda, and Tawalisi)
⭐La liga Filipina (1892)- Jose Rizal
returned to the Philippines and
proposed the establishment of a civic
organization called this, with
Ambrosio Salvador as president and
Rizal himself as adviser
👉Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol - The
Governor General Who ordered
Rizal's deportation to Dapitan
 Dapitan -a small, secluded town in
Zamboanga, just three days after La
Liga was organized
⭐La Solidaridad - In order to help
achieve its goals, the Propaganda
Movement put up its own newspaper
Graciano Lopez Jaena - first editor of
La Solidaridad
⭐The Residencia - This was a special
judicial court that investigates the
performance of a governor general
who was about to be replaced.
⭐Royal Audiencia - advisory body to
the Governor General and had the
power to check and a report on his
abuses.
 Audited the expenditures of the
colonial government and sent a
yearly report to Spain.
⭐Encomienda - Spain owed the
colonization of the Philippines to
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, who
valiantly and loyally served the
Spanish crown.
King Philip II -instructed Legazpi to
divide the Philippines into large
territories:
⭐Gobernadorcillo - During the
Spanish era, each province was
divided into several towns or pueblos
headed by:
⭐Alcalde mayor - The head of the fully
subjugated provinces called alcadias
⭐Corregidor - Head if the not fully
subjugated provinces called
corregimientos
⭐Leandro Locsin - Architect of CCP,
the poet of space, use of concrete;
monumentalism
⭐Ildefonso P. Santos - Father of
Philippine landscape architecture
(parks, plazas, and green spaces,
element of urban planning) -National
Artist for Architecture in 2006.
Designed Paco Park
⭐Pablo Antonio - Architect of FEU,
Manila Polo Club, lines, function
before elegance; art deco
⭐Juan Nakpil - Architect that infused
filipino culture in his designs, Rizal
home restoration, Quiapo church, etc
⭐Francisco Mañosa – (outspoken
champion of indigenous architecture)"
Contemporary Tropical Filipino
Architecture
“The Coconut Palace”
⭐Carlos Santos-Viola - Iglesia Ni
Cristo, a Filipino religious group.
created churches for the group,
incorporating Gothic and Baroque
elements into his modern churches.
⭐Battle of Alapan - The earlier design
of the current Philippine flag was
conceptualized by Emilio Aguinaldo
during his exile in Hong Kong in 1897.
The first flag was sewn by Marcela
Marino de Agoncillo with the help of
her daughter Lorenza and Delfina
Herbosa de Natividad (a niece of
Propagandista José Rizal).
It was first displayed where, on May
28, 1898
⭐Francisco Arcellana - Wrote the
Flowers of May
⭐Narciso Claveria - On November 21,
1849, issued a decree that every
Filipino native must adopt a Spanish
surname
⭐Jose dela Cruz - Balagtas learned to
write poetry.
⭐Maria Asuncion Rivera - In 1835,
serve as the muse for Balagtas future
works. She is referenced in Florante at
Laura as 'Selya' and 'MAR'
⭐Loas - short celebratory scenes
usually involving a patron saint
⭐Francisco Balagtas - La India
elegante y el negrito amante (short
play in one part and Orosman
Zafira - a comedia in three parts
⭐Darangen (epic of the Maranaos) -
Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature
epics passed on from generation to
generation, originally through an oral
tradition.
⭐ Noli Me Tángere (The Social
Cancer) –sparked the Philippine
Revolution together with its sequel El
filibusterismo.
⭐Zoilo Galang - is the Filipino author
of the first Philippine novel written in
the English language, A Child of
Sorrow(1921).

⭐NVM Gonzales –
 The Winds of April (1941)
 A Season of Grace (1956)
 The Bamboo Dancers (1988)
 The Land and The Rain,
 The Happiest Boy in The World
⭐F. Sionil Jose -
 The Rosales Saga Novels, Gagamba
 The God Stealer in 1959
 Waywaya in 1979
 Arbol de Fuego (Firetree) in 1980
 A Scenario for Philippine
Resistance (essay) in 1979
⭐Kerima Polotan Tuvera –
The Virgin(Short Story), won two 1 st

prizes: of the Philippines Free Press

Literary Awards and of the Palanca
Awards.
⭐Edilberto Kaimbong Tiempo -, Cry
Slaughter (novel), published in 1957
was a revised version of his Watch in
the Night
⭐Graciano Lopez Jaena - Fray Botod
⭐Antonio Luna - Por Madrid,
Impressiones, La Tertulia Filipina
⭐Pedro Paterno - Ninay, Sampaguitas
y Poesias Varias
⭐Emilio Jacinto - Kartilya ng
katipunan, liwanag at dilim
⭐ Pio Valenzuela - Catwiran
👉Apolinario- El verdadero decalogo
👉Jose Palma - Himno Nacional
Filipino
⭐Lope K. Santos -Makata ng buhay,
mga hamak na dakila, puso at diwa
⭐Benigno Ramos - Ang bahag ng diyos
⭐ Pedro Gatmaitan -Salamisim
⭐ Inigo Ed REgalado- Ang
Pinagbangunan
⭐Oda - May marangal na uri at
matinding damdamin, at karaniwang
isang apostrophe o tungkol sa isang
kaisipang binigyan ng
personipikasyon,o pagpapahayag ng
pangmadlang damdamin sa isang
mahalagang pangyayari.
⭐Soneto (song for love)- May 14 na
taludtod
⭐Epiko - kabayanihan ng bida, kung
minsa'y hango sa mga karaniwang
pangyayari ngunit kadalasay ukol sa
mga di karaniwang tao na may
pambihirang katangian

⭐Korido - Karaniwang pagsasalaysay

ng kagitingan,pagkamaginoo at
pakikipagsapalaran ng mga prinsipe't
prinsesa, ng mga kabalyerong
mandirigma sa layuning
pagpapalaganap ng relihiyong
kristiano
⭐Dula - Ang kaisipan ng sumulat ay
inilalagay sa bibig ng mga tauhang
gumaganap sa tanghalan o dulaan
⭐Trahedya - Nagtataglay ng mahigpit
na tunggalian, masisidhing damdamin
at humahantong sa pagkahamak at
pagkasawi ng pangunahing tauhan o
ng iba pang mga tauhan
⭐Komedya - Masaya at nagwawakas
ng kasiya-siya sa mga manonood
⭐Parsa - May layuning magpatawa sa
pamamagitan ng kawili-wili na mga
pangyayaring nakakatawa at mga
bukambibig at pananalitang katawa-
tawa
⭐Saynete - Ang paksa ay naglalarawan
ng mga karaniwang ugali
⭐Sanaysay - Isang anyo ng paglalahad
na kinapapalooban ng pangmalas,
pananaw, pagkukuro at damdamin ng
may-akda
⭐Talambuhay - Kasaysayan ng buhay
ng isang nilikha
⭐Talumpati - Salaysaying inihanda
upang basahin o bigkasin sa harap ng
mga taong handang makinig
⭐Mito - Simula ng daigdig, tao,
kamatayan, diyos at diyosa
⭐Oyayi o holoborin - Awit pampatulog
ng sanggol
⭐Diona o ihiman - Awit pangkasal
⭐Soliranin o talindaw - Awit
pamamangka
⭐Kundiman - Awit ng pag-ibig
⭐kumintang o tikam – Tagumpay
Awit pandirigma
⭐Bulong - Ginagamit na pangkulam o
pang-engkanto
⭐Dalit - Iba't ibang santo't santa ang
pinagdadalitan
⭐Nobena - Katipunan ng may
panalangin na kailangang ganapin sa
loob ng 9 na araw
⭐Duplo - Tagisan ng talino ng
dalawang pangkat sa pamamagitan ng
pagtula at mga kaisipang taglay ng
berso ay kadalasang buhat sa awit,
korido, salawikain, at kasabihan
⭐Karagatan - Mimetikong laro batay
sa alamat ng bisang prinsesang
hangad na makaisang dibdib ang
binatang mahirap na kanyang iniibig
ay ihinulog sa dagat ang kanyang
singsing upang sisirin ng lahat ng
kanyang manliligaw
⭐Tibag - Paghahanap at paghukay sa
krus na pinagpakuan kay kristo
⭐Santacruzan - Marangyang parada
ng mga sagala na kumakatawan sa
ibat ibang tauhan sa bibliya
⭐Moro-moro o komedya - Paglalaban
ng mga kristiyano at mga muslim
⭐Karilyo - Binubuo ng mga papet na
nilikha buhat sa ginupit na mga
karton at pinagagalaw sa harap ng
puting tabing kung saan makikita ng
mga anino ng papet bunga ng ilawan
sa likod ng talon
⭐Senakulo - Pagsasadula ng buhay at
kamatayan ni hesus
⭐Panunuluyan - Ang paghahanap ng
matutuluyan nina maria at jose
⭐Salubong - Pagsalubong ni maria at
ng muling nabuhay na si hesus
⭐Sarswela - Dulang musical, binubuo
ng pagsasalaysay na sinaniban ng mga
sayaw at tugtugin at may paksang
mitolohikal at kabayanihan
⭐Herminigildo Flores- Hikbi ng
pilipinas sa inang espanya

⭐Marcelo h. Del Pilar -"Dasalan at

Toksohan" "Caiingat CAyo", "Sagot
ng Espanya sa hikbi ng
pilipinas","ANg cadakilaan ng diyos"
⭐Jose Rizal- Sa aking mga kababata